political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, polit ...

, a

political ideology An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Form ...

is a certain set of

ethical Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches include normative ethics, applied e ...

ideals,

principle A principle may relate to a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of beliefs or behavior or a chain of reasoning. They provide a guide for behavior or evaluation. A principle can make values explicit, so t ...

doctrine Doctrine (from , meaning 'teaching, instruction') is a codification (law), codification of beliefs or a body of teacher, teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a ...

s, myths or

symbol A symbol is a mark, Sign (semiotics), sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, physical object, object, or wikt:relationship, relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by cr ...

s of a

social movement A social movement is either a loosely or carefully organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a Social issue, social or Political movement, political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to re ...

, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural

blueprint A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842. The process allowed rapid and accurate production of an unlimited number ...

for a certain

social order The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social orde ...

. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal. An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best

form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a m ...

(e.g.

autocracy Autocracy is a form of government in which absolute power is held by the head of state and Head of government, government, known as an autocrat. It includes some forms of monarchy and all forms of dictatorship, while it is contrasted with demo ...

democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...

) and the best

economic system An economic system, or economic order, is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within an economy. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making proces ...

(e.g.

capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their use for the purpose of obtaining profit. This socioeconomic system has developed historically through several stages and is defined by ...

socialism Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times,

communism Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a ...

has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism. Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science". While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the

political spectrum A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different Politics, political positions in relation to one another. These positions sit upon one or more Geometry, geometric Coordinate axis, axes that represent independent political ...

(such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g.

populism Populism is a essentially contested concept, contested concept used to refer to a variety of political stances that emphasize the idea of the "common people" and often position this group in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently a ...

as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". ''Political Research Quarterly''. 62 (3). 601–613. The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism

; Political internationals * Anarkismo (

platformism Platformism is an anarchist organizational theory that aims to create a tightly coordinated anarchist federation. Its main features include a common Tactic (method), tactical line, a unified political policy and a commitment to collective responsi ...

and specifism) * Informal Anarchist Federation (

insurrectionary anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on ...

) * International of Anarchist Federations ( synthesis anarchism) * International Confederation of Labor (

anarcho-syndicalism Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade uni ...

and revolutionary syndicalism) * International Workers' Association (

)

Classical

* Individualist anarchism ** Egoist anarchism *** Communist egoism *** Illegalism **** Expropriative anarchism ** Philosophical anarchism *

Libertarianism Libertarianism (from ; or from ) is a political philosophy that holds freedom, personal sovereignty, and liberty as primary values. Many libertarians believe that the concept of freedom is in accord with the Non-Aggression Principle, according t ...

** Left-libertarianism ***

Libertarian socialism Libertarian socialism is an anti-authoritarian and anti-capitalist political current that emphasises self-governance and workers' self-management. It is contrasted from other forms of socialism by its rejection of state ownership and from other ...

* Mutualism * Social anarchism ** Anarcho-communism **

Anarcho-syndicalism Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade uni ...

** Collectivist anarchism

Post-classical

* Anarcha-feminism * Anarchism without adjectives ** Synthesis anarchism * Anarcho-pacifism * Anarcho-punk * Cantonalism * Green anarchism ** Anarcho-naturism ** Anarcho-primitivism ** Communalism ***

Eco-communalism The Global Scenario Group (GSG) was an international, interdisciplinary body convened in 1995 by the Tellus Institute and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to develop scenarios for world development in the twenty-first century. Further deve ...

*** Libertarian municipalism ****

Democratic confederalism Democratic confederalism (), also known as Kurdish communalism, Öcalanism, or Apoism, is a political concept theorized by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan about a system of democratic self-organization with the features o ...

*** Social ecology ** Veganarchism *

Insurrectionary anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on ...

* Makhaevism *

Platformism Platformism is an anarchist organizational theory that aims to create a tightly coordinated anarchist federation. Its main features include a common Tactic (method), tactical line, a unified political policy and a commitment to collective responsi ...

** Makhnovism ** Specifism

Contemporary

* Anarcho-transhumanism * Black anarchism *

Communization Communization theory (or communisation theory in British English) refers to a tendency on the ultra-left that understands communism as a process that, in a social revolution, immediately begins to replace all capitalist social relations with ...

* Free-market anarchism * Post-anarchism * Post-colonial anarchism * Post-left anarchism * Queer anarchism

Opposition

Anti-anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state ...

Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and ...

Religious variants

* Buddhist anarchism * Christian anarchism ** Catholic Worker Movement **

Diggers The Diggers were a group of religious and political dissidents in England, associated with a political ideology and programme resembling what would later be called agrarian socialism.; ; ; Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard (Digger), Will ...

** Tolstoyan movement * Hindu anarchism * Islamic anarchism * Jewish anarchism ** Orthodox Jewish anarchism

Regional variants

Authoritarianism

General

* Absolute monarchism *

Autocracy Autocracy is a form of government in which absolute power is held by the head of state and Head of government, government, known as an autocrat. It includes some forms of monarchy and all forms of dictatorship, while it is contrasted with demo ...

** Caesarism ** Caudillismo *

Despotism In political science, despotism () is a government, form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute Power (social and political), power. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy), but societies whi ...

** Soft despotism *

Dictatorship A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no Limited government, limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, ...

** Benevolent dictatorship ** Constitutional dictatorship ** Civilian dictatorship ** Dictablanda **

Military dictatorship A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which Power (social and political), power is held by one or more military officers. Military dictatorships are led by either a single military dictator, known as a Polit ...

*** Stratocracy ** Right-wing dictatorship ** left-wing dictatorship *

Imperialism Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of Power (international relations), power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultura ...

** Civilizing mission **

Colonialism Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism c ...

*** Exploitation colonialism *** Internal colonialism ***

Neocolonialism Neocolonialism is the control by a state (usually, a former colonial power) over another nominally independent state (usually, a former colony) through indirect means. The term ''neocolonialism'' was first used after World War II to refer to ...

***

Settler colonialism Settler colonialism is a logic and structure of displacement by Settler, settlers, using colonial rule, over an environment for replacing it and its indigenous peoples with settlements and the society of the settlers. Settler colonialism is ...

****

Lebensraum (, ) is a German concept of expansionism and Völkisch movement, ''Völkisch'' nationalism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s. First popularized around 1901, '' lso in:' beca ...

**** Manifest destiny *** Slavocracy * Kraterocracy **

Mafia state In politics, a mafia state is a Sovereign state, state system where the government is tied with organized crime to the degree when government officials, the police, and/or military became a part of the criminal enterprise. According to US diplom ...

* Managerial state *

Mob rule Mob rule or ochlocracy or mobocracy is a pejorative term describing an oppressive majoritarian form of government controlled by the common people through the intimidation of authorities. Ochlocracy is distinguished from democracy or similarl ...

Ochlocracy Mob rule or ochlocracy or mobocracy is a pejorative term describing an oppressive majoritarianism, majoritarian form of government controlled by the common people through the intimidation of authorities. Ochlocracy is distinguished from democr ...

Oligarchy Oligarchy (; ) is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Members of this group, called oligarchs, generally hold usually hard, but sometimes soft power through nobility, fame, wealth, or education; or t ...

Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on and around the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans. Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community in the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek co ...

Aristocracy Aristocracy (; ) is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocracy (class), aristocrats. Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense Economy, economic, Politics, political, and soc ...

** Minoritarianism *

One-party state A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or en ...

Communist state A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology. Marxism–Leninism was ...

* Plutocracy **

Corporatocracy Corporatocracy or corpocracy is an economic, political and judicial system controlled or influenced by business corporations or corporate Interest group, interests. The concept has been used in explanations of bank bailouts, excessive pay for ...

* Police state ** Counterintelligence state *

Unitarianism Unitarianism () is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian sect of Christianity. Unitarian Christians affirm the wikt:unitary, unitary God in Christianity, nature of God as the singular and unique Creator deity, creator of the universe, believe that ...

* Soft authoritarianism *

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition from political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and completely controls the public s ...

** Ideocracy ** Totalitarian democracy * Transnational repression

Other

* Authoritarian capitalism **

Corporate capitalism In social science and economics, corporate capitalism is a capitalist marketplace characterized by the dominance of hierarchical and bureaucratic corporations. Overview In the developed world, corporations dominate the marketplace, compri ...

State capitalism State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial economic activity and where the means of production are nationalized as state-owned enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, ...

Authoritarian socialism Authoritarian socialism, or socialism from above, is an Economic system, economic and political system supporting some form of socialist economics while rejecting Pluralism (political philosophy), political pluralism. As a term, it represents a s ...

Leninism Leninism (, ) is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the Dictatorship of the proletariat#Vladimir Lenin, dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary Vangu ...

***

Stalinism Stalinism (, ) is the Totalitarianism, totalitarian means of governing and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), 1927 to 1953 by dictator Jose ...

***

Trotskyism Trotskyism (, ) is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International. Trotsky described himself as an ...

***

Castroism ("Fidelism" in English), otherwise known as Castroism, consists of the personal beliefs of Fidel Castro, which were often anti-imperialist, Cuban nationalist, supportive of Hispanidad, and later Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist. Castro ...

***

Titoism Titoism is a Types of socialism, socialist political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito and refers to the ideology and policies of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) during the Cold War. It is characterized by a br ...

***

Marxism–Leninism Marxism–Leninism () is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the History of communism, communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution. It was the predominant ideology of most communist gov ...

** Anti-revisionary Marxism ***

Hoxhaism Hoxhaism ( , ) is a variant of Marxism–Leninism developed in the late 1970s as a result of a schism in the anti-revisionist movement, namely between the Chinese Communist Party and the Party of Labour of Albania. The ideological dispute be ...

*** Maoism ** Blanquism * Authoritarian conservatism ** Fitzhughism **

Monarchism Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. ...

* Authoritarian democracy * Authoritarian populism * Byzantinism * Digital authoritarianism * Ecoauthoritarianism * Liberal autocracy * Minoritarianism * Neo-feudalism * Far-right ultranationalism authoritarianism **

Fascism Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hie ...

***

Falangism Falangism () was the political ideology of three political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española, the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS), and afterwa ...

***

Nazism Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was fre ...

***

Neo-fascism Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology which includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, ultraconservatism, racial supremacy, right-wing populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xe ...

****

Neo-Nazism Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (ofte ...

***** National Bolshevism ***** Nazi-Maoism **** Neo-Legionarism **** Third Positionism

Opposition

* Anti-authoritarianism * Anti-monarchism ** Monarchomachs *

Decolonization Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby Imperialism, imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas. The meanings and applications of the term are disputed. Some scholar ...

Religious variants

* Theocracy

Regional variants

African

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central ...

* Congo *

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...

Zimbabwe file:Zimbabwe, relief map.jpg, upright=1.22, Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Bots ...

American

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

Asian

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

** Chiangism *

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

** Ziaism *

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

** Ilminism *

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

European

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

** Putinism *

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

Communitarianism

General

Christian democracy Christian democracy is an ideology inspired by Christian social teaching to respond to the challenges of contemporary society and politics. Christian democracy has drawn mainly from Catholic social teaching and neo-scholasticism, as well ...

* Communitarian corporatism *

Distributism Distributism is an economic theory asserting that the world's productive assets should be widely owned rather than concentrated. Developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, distributism was based upon Catholic social teaching princi ...

* Georgism * Mutualism * Person Dignity Theory *

Radical centrism Radical centrism, also called the radical center, the radical centre, and the radical middle, is a concept that arose in Western world, Western nations in the late 20th century. The ''Political radicalism, radical'' in the term refers to a willi ...

Third Way The Third Way is a predominantly centrist political position that attempts to reconcile centre-right and centre-left politics by advocating a varying synthesis of Right-wing economics, right-wing economic and Left-wing politics, left-wing so ...

Other

* Christian socialism *

Eurasianism Eurasianism ( ) is a Political sociology, socio-political movement in Russia that emerged in the early 20th century under the Russian Empire, which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the Geop ...

* Freiwirtschaft * Pre-Marxist communism * Primitive communism * Religious communism ** Christian communism ** Islamic communism ** Jewish communism *

Utopian socialism Utopian socialism is the term often used to describe the first current of modern socialism and socialist thought as exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Étienne Cabet, and Robert Owen. Utopian socialism is often de ...

Regional variants

Kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...

* Obshchina *

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

* Zadruga

Communism

; Political internationals *

Committee for a Workers' International The Committee for a Workers' International (CWI; , or CIT; or CIO) was an Political international, international association of Trotskyism, Trotskyist political parties and organisations. Today, two groups claim to be the continuation of the C ...

(

) * Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (

) *

Fourth International The Fourth International (FI) was a political international established in France in 1938 by Leon Trotsky and his supporters, having been expelled from the Soviet Union and the Communist International (also known as Comintern or the Third Inte ...

(

) *

Fourth International (post-reunification) The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyism, Trotskyist Political international, international. Following a ten-year schism, in 1963 the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Se ...

(

) * Fourth International Posadist (

) * International Bolshevik Tendency (

) * International Committee of the Fourth International (

) * International Communist Current (

left communism Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices held by Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninists and social democrats. Left communists assert positions ...

) * International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (

) * International Communist Party (

) * International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) ( Maoism) * International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (

) * International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations ( anti-revisionism) * International League of Peoples' Struggle ( Marxism–Leninism–Maoism) * International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (

) *

International Socialist Alternative International Socialist Alternative (ISA) is an international association of Trotskyist political parties. ISA was founded by sections on one side of a split in the Committee for a Workers' International (CWI). History In 2018 and 2019, a di ...

(

) * International Socialist Tendency (unorthodox

) * International Workers League – Fourth International (

) * Internationalist Communist Union (

) * League for the Fifth International (

) * League for the Fourth International (

) * Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (

) * World Socialist Movement ( anti-Leninism, classical Marxism,

impossibilism Impossibilism is a Marxist theory that stresses the limited value of political, economic, and social reforms under capitalism. As a doctrine, impossibilism views the pursuit of such reforms as counterproductive to the goal of achieving socialism a ...

and international socialism) * Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (

)

Authoritarian

* Barracks communism ** Nechayevshchina * Blanquism * Nechayevism * Tkachevism

Leninism

* Democratic centralism *

** Archeio-Marxism ** Orthodox Trotskyism ** Pabloism ** Posadism ** Third camp Trotskyism * Vanguardism * War communism

= Marxism–Leninism

= * Brezhnevism ** Real socialism *

* Ceaușism * Dubčekism * Gorbachevism ** Glasnost **

Perestroika ''Perestroika'' ( ; rus, перестройка, r=perestrojka, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg, links=no) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associ ...

* Guevarism ** Focalism * Ho Chi Minh Thought ** Kaysone Phomvihane Thought *

* Husakism *

Juche ''Juche'', officially the ''Juche'' idea, is a component of Ideology of the Workers' Party of Korea#Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism, Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism, the state ideology of North Korea and the official ideology of the Workers' Party o ...

** Kimilsungism ** Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism ** Songun * Kadarism * Khrushchevism **

De-Stalinization De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and Khrushchev Thaw, the thaw brought about by ascension of Nik ...

** Khrushchev Thaw * Maoism ** Maoism–Third Worldism *** Third Worldism *** Third World socialism ** New Synthesis ** Mao-Spontex ** Marxism–Leninism–Maoism *** Gonzalo Thought ***

Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path ( ; sometimes shortened to Prachanda Path) is the ideological line of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), also known as the UCPN(M). It is considered a development of Marxism–Leninism� ...

****

People's Multiparty Democracy People's Multiparty Democracy (, abbreviated ) refers to the ideological line of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (CPN-UML), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist), Unified Socialist Party and the former Nepal Commu ...

*** National Democracy *** Naxalism ** Pol Potism **

Socialism with Chinese characteristics Socialism with Chinese characteristics (; ) is a set of political theories and policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that are seen by their proponents as representing Marxism adapted to Chinese circumstances. The term was first establ ...

*** Deng Xiaoping Theory *** Mao Zedong Thought *** Scientific Outlook on Development ***

Three Principles of the People The Three Principles of the People (), also known as the Three People's Principles, San-min Doctrine, San Min Chu-i, or Tridemism is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China during the Republi ...

*** Three Represents *** Xi Jinping Thought * Marxist–Leninist atheism * Scientific communism *

** Anti-revisionism ** Neo-Stalinism ** Socialism in one country *** National communism *** National Bolshevism ***

Socialist patriotism Socialist patriotism is a form of patriotism promoted by Marxist–Leninist movements.Robert A. Jones. ''The Soviet concept of "limited sovereignty" from Lenin to Gorbachev: the Brezhnev Doctrine''. MacMillan, 1990. Pp. 133. Socialist patrio ...

**** Soviet socialist patriotism ***** Soviet nostalgia ** Soviet antisemitism *** Left-wing antisemitism ** Soviet anti-Zionism *

** Đilasism ** Rankovićism ** Socialist nationalism *** Socialist Yugoslavism **** Yugo-nostalgia

Libertarian

* Anarcho-communism ** Egoist communism * Communard movement *

Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, ...

Marxism

* Classical Marxism **

Orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought which emerged after the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the late 19th century, expressed in its primary form by Karl Kautsky. Kautsky's views of Marxism dominated the European Marxis ...

***

Impossibilism Impossibilism is a Marxist theory that stresses the limited value of political, economic, and social reforms under capitalism. As a doctrine, impossibilism views the pursuit of such reforms as counterproductive to the goal of achieving socialism a ...

**** World Socialist Movement *** Kautskyism *** Luxemburgism **** Spartacism * Libertarian Marxism **

Autonomism Autonomism or ''autonomismo'', also known as autonomist Marxism or autonomous Marxism, is an anti-capitalist social movement and Marxist-based theoretical current that first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist ...

*** Workerism **

Left communism Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices held by Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninists and social democrats. Left communists assert positions ...

*** Vperedism *** Bordigism ***

***

Council communism Council communism or councilism is a current of communism, communist thought that emerged in the 1920s. Inspired by the German Revolution of 1918–1919, November Revolution, council communism was opposed to state socialism and advocated wor ...

*** Socialisme ou Barbarie ***

Solidarity Solidarity or solidarism is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. True solidarity means moving beyond individual identities and single issue politics ...

*** Situationism *** Spontaneism *** Ultra-leftism ** Mao-Spontex ** Marxism–De Leonism ** Unorthodox Trotskyism *** Chaulieu–Montal tendency *** Johnson–Forest tendency *** Third camp **** Shachtmanism ***** Left Shachtmanism ** Open Marxism *

Western Marxism Western Marxism is a current of Marxist theory that arose from Western and Central Europe in the aftermath of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and the ascent of Leninism. The term denotes a loose collection of theorists who advanced an i ...

** Austro-Marxism **

Frankfurt School The Frankfurt School is a school of thought in sociology and critical theory. It is associated with the University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, Institute for Social Research founded in 1923 at the University of Frankfurt am Main ...

** Freudo-Marxism ** Hegelian Marxism ** Marxist humanism *** Budapest School *** Praxis School ** Neo-Marxism *** Analytical Marxism *** Conflict theories ****

Dependency theory Dependency theory is the idea that resources flow from a " periphery" of poor and exploited states to a " core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. A central contention of dependency theory is that poor states ...

**** Social conflict theory **** World-systems theory *** Freudo–Marxism *** Gramscianism **** Neo-Gramscianism *** Instrumental Marxism ***

Neue Marx-Lektüre (German for "New Reading of Marx") or NML is a revival and interpretation of Karl Marx's critique of political economy, which originated during the mid-1960s in both Western Bloc, Western and Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe and opposed both Mar ...

*** Political Marxism *** Structural Marxism ** Post-Marxism ***

Radical democracy Radical democracy is a type of democracy that advocates the radical extension of equality and liberty. Radical democracy is concerned with a radical extension of equality and freedom, following the idea that democracy is an unfinished, inclusive, ...

**** Abahlali baseMjondolo **** Landless Workers' Movement **** Piqueteros **** Zapatistas

Other

* Centrist Marxism * Eco-communism * Eurocommunism * Fully automated luxury communism * International communism * Marxist democracy * National communism * Primitive communism * Pre-Marxist communism * Queer communism * World communism

Opposition

Anti-communism Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism, communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global ...

McCarthyism McCarthyism is a political practice defined by the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a Fear mongering, campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage i ...

** Pinochetism * Anti-Marxism * Anti-socialism

Religious variants

* Christian communism ** Bruderhofs **

Hutterites Hutterites (; ), also called Hutterian Brethren (German: ), are a communal ethnoreligious group, ethnoreligious branch of Anabaptism, Anabaptists, who, like the Amish and Mennonites, trace their roots to the Radical Reformation of the early 16 ...

Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a Millenarianism, millenarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian sect founded in England and then organized in the Unit ...

* Islamic communism ** Nasakom * Jewish communism

Regional variants

African

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...

* Congo *

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...

American

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

** Quebec *

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

Grenada Grenada is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The southernmost of the Windward Islands, Grenada is directly south of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and about north of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and the So ...

** Shining Path *

Asian

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

Khmer Rouge The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), and by extension to Democratic Kampuchea, which ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by Norodom Sihano ...

** Salvation Front *

New Left The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s. It consisted of activists in the Western world who, in reaction to the era's liberal establishment, campaigned for freer ...

** Ultra-left *

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

** Bengali communism ** Keralan communism ** Naxalism ** Tripuran communism *

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi. ...

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

Kurdistan Kurdistan (, ; ), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo- cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. G ...

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...

Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

South Yemen South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until Yemeni unification, its unification with the Yemen A ...

European

Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...

* Bosnia, and Herzegovina *

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

** Bohemia and Moravia **

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

** Taistoism *

East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...

West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

* Macedonia *

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

** National communism *

** Mensheviks ** Bolshevism ***

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

**** Centre ***** Kamenevism *****

***** Zinovievism **** Left Opposition *****

***** Group of Democratic Centralism ***** Left–Right Bloc *****

***** United Opposition ***** Workers' Opposition ****** Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party ****** Workers' Truth ****

Old Bolsheviks The Old Bolsheviks (), also called the Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard, were members of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Many Old Bolsheviks became leading politi ...

***** Recallists ***** Ultimatists **** Right Opposition *****

Anti-Party Group The Anti-Party Group, fully referenced in the Soviet political parlance as "the anti-Party group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined them" () was a Stalinist group within the leadership of the Communist Party of the Sovie ...

***** Bukharinism ***** Noginism ***** Rykovism ***** Tomskyism ***** Gang of Eight ***** Left–Right Bloc *****

Soyuz Soyuz is a transliteration of the Cyrillic text Союз (Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, 'Union'). It can refer to any union, such as a trade union (''profsoyuz'') or the Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republi ...

***** Union of Marxist–Leninists *

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

*** Neo-Trotskyism *

Yugoslavia , common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p ...

Oceanian

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

Conservatism

; Political internationals * International Democrat Union (conservatism) * International Monarchist League (

monarchism Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. ...

)

General

* Anti-unionism * Authoritarian conservatism * Bioconservatism * Black conservatism * Civic conservatism * Classical conservatism **

* Conservative corporatism *

Conservative liberalism Conservative liberalism, also referred to as right-liberalism, is a variant of liberalism combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or simply representing the right wing of the liberal movement. In the case of modern con ...

Cultural conservatism Cultural conservatism is described as the protection of the cultural heritage of a nation state, or of a culture not defined by state boundaries. It is sometimes associated with criticism of multiculturalism, and anti-immigration sentiment. B ...

* Fiscal conservatism * Green conservatism * LGBT conservatism * Liberal conservatism * Libertarian conservatism ** Fusionism ** Libertarian Republicanism ** Paleolibertarianism ** Western conservatism *

National conservatism National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, communitarianism and the public role of religion. It shares aspects of traditionalist conservatism and social conserv ...

** Anti-immigrationism ** Ethnic nationalism ** Nativism * Neoconservatism * Paleoconservatism ** Paleolibertarianism * Paternalistic conservatism ** Compassionate conservatism ** Conservative socialism ** Progressive conservatism *

Right-wing populism Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right populism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti- elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establis ...

Social conservatism Social conservatism is a political philosophy and a variety of conservatism which places emphasis on Tradition#In political and religious discourse, traditional social structures over Cultural pluralism, social pluralism. Social conservatives ...

** Anti-abortion movement ** Anti-feminism ** Anti-LGBT movement * Social Darwinism ** Kraterocracy * Theoconservatism ** Christian right ** State religion *** Antidisestablishmentarianism *** Caesaropapism *** Dominionism *** Hierocracy *** Theocracy *** Theonomy ** Ultramontanism *

Traditionalist conservatism Traditionalist conservatism, often known as classical conservatism, is a political philosophy, political and social philosophy that emphasizes the importance of transcendent moral principles, manifested through certain posited natural laws t ...

Reactionary

* Absolutism **

* Alt-lite movement * Alt-right movement * Authoritarian capitalism * Illiberalism ** Guided democracy ** Inverted totalitarianism *

* Integralism *

Irredentism Irredentism () is one State (polity), state's desire to Annexation, annex the territory of another state. This desire can be motivated by Ethnicity, ethnic reasons because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to or the same as the ...

** Absolute monarchism *** Enlightened absolutism **** Josephinism *** Patriarchalism ** Constitutional monarchism *** Crowned republic * Neo-feudalism * Neo-nationalism * Neo-reactionary movement *

** Plutocracy *** Timocracy * Reactionary modernism * Reactionary populism *

Revanchism Revanchism (, from ''revanche'', "revenge") is the political manifestation of the will to reverse the territorial losses which are incurred by a country, frequently after a war or after a social movement. As a term, ''revanchism'' originated i ...

* Theocracy *

White supremacy White supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any power and privilege held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the now-discredited doctrine ...

** Segregationism

Opposition

* Anti anti-communism *

Anti-establishment An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society. The term was first used in the modern sense in 1958 by the British magazine ''New Statesman'' ...

arianism * Anti-monarchism * Cultural liberalism * Cultural radicalism * Radicalism *

Postmodernism Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, Culture, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of depicting ...

Progressivism Progressivism is a Left-right political spectrum, left-leaning political philosophy and Reformism, reform political movement, movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform. Adherents hold that progressivism has unive ...

Religious variants

* Christian right ** Christian fundamentalism ** Traditionalist Catholicism *** Radical traditional Catholicism * Hindu fundamentalism **

Hindutva Hindutva (; ) is a Far-right politics, far-right political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India. The political ideology was formulated by Vinayak Da ...

Islamism Islamism is a range of religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism ...

** Islamic fundamentalism * Jewish Conservatism ** Religious Zionism

Regional variants

African

Gabon Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...

Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of ci ...

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to Guinea–Liberia border, its north, Ivory Coast to Ivory Coast–Lib ...

Malawi Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...

Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...

Apartheid Apartheid ( , especially South African English: , ; , ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an ...

American

Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...

*** Bolsonarism *** Modern conservatism ***

*** Nativism **

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

** Pinochetism *

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

*** Bernierism *** Blue Toryism ***

*** Nativism *** Pink Toryism *** Red Toryism *** Trumpism **

= United States

= * Black conservatism * Conservative coalition * Conservative democratism ** Anti-abolitionism ** Blue Dogs ** Bourbon Democrat ** Jacksonianism ** Southern democratism *** Confederatism **** Neo-confederatism *** Dixiecratism **** Segregationism **** Southern nationalism *

Federalism Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general level of government (a central or federal government) with a regional level of sub-unit governments (e.g., provinces, State (sub-national), states, Canton (administrative division), ca ...

** Classical conservatism ** New Federalism *

* Nativism ** Know Nothing movement * New Right * Old Right ** Paleoconservatism ** Paleolibertarianism *

Republicanism Republicanism is a political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others. Historically, it emphasizes the idea of self ...

** Conservative republicanism ** Libertarian republicanism ** Moderate republicanism *** Main Street republicanism **** Republican Main Street Partnership *** Tuesday Group ** Modern conservatism ** Movement conservatism ** Reaganism *** Reagan Doctrine *** Reaganomics ** Stalwarts ** Tea Party movement *** Freedom Caucus ** Trumpism *** Christian Trumpism *** QAnon

Asian

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

** Localism ** Nativism *

** Modern conservatism *** Modrism *

** Abeism **

** Neoconservatism *

** Nativism *

** Modern conservatism *

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

** Nativism *

** Conservative democracy *** Erdoganism

European

Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...

Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

Bonapartism Bonapartism () is the political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. The term was used in the narrow sense to refer to people who hoped to restore the House of Bonaparte and its style of government. In ...

*** Neo-Bonapartism ** Gaullism ** LePenism **

*** Legitimism *** Orléanism *** Ultra-royalism ** Nouvelle Droite ** Revolutionary France ***

Ancien Régime ''Ancien'' may refer to * the French word for " ancient, old" ** Société des anciens textes français * the French for "former, senior" ** Virelai ancien ** Ancien Régime ** Ancien Régime in France {{disambig ...

*** Chouannerie *** Historical Right *** Thermidorians *

** Bismarkianism *** Conservative socialism *** State Socialism (Germany), State socialism ** Conservative revolutionary movement *** Prussian socialism ** German monarchy, Monarchism ** Neue Rechte ** Prussianism ** Reichsbürger movement * Conservatism in Greece, Greece * Conservative Party (Hungary), Hungary ** Viktor Orbán, Orbanism * Conservatism in Iceland, Iceland * Conservatism in Italy ** Historical Right ** Modern conservatism *** Berlusconism ** Liberal Union (Italy), Liberal conservatism ** Sanfedismo * Conservatism in Luxembourg, Luxembourg * United Right (Poland), Poland ** Golden Liberty *** Sarmatism ** Modern conservatism * Conservatism in Norway, Norway * United Russia, Russia ** Monarchism in Russia, Monarchism *** Octobrist, Octobrism ** Modern conservatism *** Putinism **** Chekism ***** Nashism ****

**** Neo-Sovietism ***** Neo-Stalinism * Conservatism in Serbia, Serbia * Traditionalism (Spain), Spain **

** Francoism **Integrism (Spain), Integrism ** Monarchy in Spain, Monarchism *** Carlism **** Carlos Hugo#Carlism, Hugism **Neocatólicos, Neocatholicism * Conservatism#Sweden, Sweden * Conservatism in Switzerland, Switzerland * Conservatism#Ukraine, Ukraine * Conservatism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Butskellism ** Cavaliers *** Tories (British political party), Tories **** New Tories ** Jacobitism ** British monarchy, Monarchism ** Nativism (politics)#United Kingdom, Nativism ** British neoconservatism, Neoconservatism ** One-nation conservatism *** Cameronism **** Big Society **** Muscular liberalism *** Boris Johnson#Political positions and ideology, Johnsonism ** Thatcherism ***Blatcherism ** Toryism *** High Toryism **** Political views of Samuel Johnson, Johnsonism **** Powellism *** George Orwell#Politics, Tory anarchism *** Tory democracy **** Tory socialism *** Ultra-Toryism

Oceanian

* Conservatism in Australia, Australia ** Conservatism in Australia#Monarchism, Monarchism ** Conservatism#Australia, Modern conservatism ** Nativism (politics)#Australia, Nativism * Social Democratic Liberal Party, Fiji *Historic conservatism in New Zealand, New Zealand *Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party, Papua New Guinea *Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa *People's National Party (Tonga), Tonga *Land and Justice Party, Vanuatu

Corporatism

General

* Corporatism#Absolutist corporatism, Absolutist corporatism * Communitarian corporatism * Conservative corporatism * Economic corporatism * Fascist corporatism * Corporatism#Kinship corporatism, Kinship corporatism * Liberal corporatism * Corporate nationalism, National corporatism * Neo-corporatism ** Tripartism * Corporatism#Progressive corporatism, Progressive corporatism * Social corporatism * Corporatism#Corporate solidarism, Solidar corporatism * Corporate statism, State corporatism

Other

* Class collaborationism * Consociationalism * Cooperativism * Corporatism, Corporate feudalism * Corporate statism * Corporate welfare, Corporate welfarism * Guild socialism * Guildism * Managerialism * Mutualism (movement), Mutualist movement * National syndicalism * Neo-feudalism

Religious variants

* Christian corporatism **

Regional variants

* Gremialismo, Chile * Corporatism#Chinese corporatism, China * Nordic model, Nordic countries * Corporatism#Russian corporatism, Russia * Neo-corporatism, Western Europe

Western Europe

* Social corporatism#the 1930s–1970s: Norway, Sweden, and Austria, Austria * Rhine capitalism, Belgium * Neo-corporatism, France ** National syndicalism#France, National syndicalism ** Yellow socialism * Conservatism in Germany#Otto von Bismarck, Germany ** Bismarkianism *** Conservative socialism *** State Socialism (Germany), State socialism ** Conservative revolutionary movement *** Economic Nazism, Fascist corporatism *** Prussian socialism ** Ordoliberalism *** Rhine capitalism, Rhine model * Social partnership, Ireland * Corporatism#On Italian corporatism, Italy ** Corporatism#Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church, Christian democratic corporatism *** Consociationalism ** Fascist corporatism ** National syndicalism#Italy, National syndicalism * Rhine capitalism, Luxembourg * Neo-corporatism, Portugal ** National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula, National syndicalism * Polder model, Netherlands * Neo-corporatism, Spain ** Falangism#Economics, Fascist corporatism ** National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula, National syndicalism * Rhine capitalism, Switzerland

Democracy

General

* Associative democracy * Bioregional democracy * Bourgeois democracy * Cellular democracy * Conservative democracy * Constitutional democracy * Cosmopolitan democracy * Defensive democracy * Economic democracy * E-democracy ** Collaborative e-democracy ** E-government ** E-participation ** Interactive democracy * Ethnic democracy ** Herrenvolk democracy * Guided democracy * Liquid democracy * Market democracy * Media democracy * Multiparty democracy * Non-partisan democracy * Participatory democracy * Pluralist democracy * Procedural democracy * Proletarian democracy * Racial democracy *

* Representative democracy ** Council democracy ** Electoral democracy ** Ethnocracy ** Liberal democracy *** Illiberal democracy ** Parliamentary democracy *** Westminster democracy ** Presidential democracy ** Totalitarian democracy * Republican democracy * Revolutionary democracy * Sectarian democracy * Semi-democracy * Semi-direct democracy * Social democracy * Socialist democracy ** Economic democracy *** Council democracy *** Inclusive democracy *** Industrial democracy *** Soviet democracy *** Workplace democracy ** Marxist democracy ** Democracy in Marxism#Soviet Union and Bolshevism, Marxist–Leninist democracy *** New Democracy *** People's democracy (Marxism–Leninism), People's democracy **** People's democratic dictatorship, People's dictatorship democracy **** Whole-process people's democracy * Sovereign democracy * Substantive democracy * Tory democracy

Other

* Demarchism * Democratic capitalism * Democratic centralism *

* Democratic globalization ** Democratic mundialization * Democratic republicanism * Democratic socialism * Democratic transhumanism * Majoritarianism * Producerism * Sortitionism

Direct democracy movements

* Anticipatory democracy * Anti-corruption, Anti-corruption movements * Anti-establishmentarianism * Particracy, Anti-particracy movements * Cellular democracy * Collaborative governance * Consensus democracy * Opposition to copyCopyright reform movements * Council democracy * Cyber-utopianism * Deliberative democracy * Delegative democracy * Dynamic governance * E-democracy * Economic democracy * Empowered democracy * Grassroots democracy * Inclusive Democracy * Localism (politics), Localism * Marxist democracy * Net neutrality, Net neutrality movements * Open-source governance * Pirate politics * Popular democracy * Producerism * Semi-direct democracy

Pirate politics

;Political internationals * Pirate Parties International (pirate politics) * Anti-copyAnti-copyright movement ** Copyleft, Copyleft movement **Copyright abolitionism ** Free-culture movement * Anti-corruption, Anti-corruption movement * Civil rights, Civil rights movement * Civil libertarianism * Direct democracy ** Economic democracy ** E-democracy ** Participatory democracy * Free speech, Free speech movement * Information privacy, Information privacy movement * Net neutrality, Net neutrality movement * Free and open-source software ** Free software movement ** Open-source-software movement

Opposition

* Criticism of democracy, Anti-democratism

Religious variants

Christian democracy

; Political internationals * Centrist Democrat International (

) * Christian Democrat Organization of America (

)

= General

= *

** Social credit, Social credit movement * Gremialismo * Popularism

= Other

= * Christian corporatism * Welfare spending, Christian democratic welfarism * Christian egalitarianism * Communitarianism * Ordoliberalism * Progressive conservatism *

Other

* Islamic democracy * Jewish and democratic state, Jewish democracy * Theodemocracy

Regional variants

African

* Democracy in Egypt, Egypt * Democracy in Morocco, Morocco

Asian

* Democracy in Bangladesh, Bangladesh * Democracy in China, China ** Democracy in Hong Kong, Hong Kong * Democracy in India, India * Democracy in the Middle East#Iran, Iran * Democracy in the Middle East#Israel, Israel * Democracy in the Middle East#Lebanon, Lebanon * Democracy in Pakistan, Pakistan * Democracy in the Middle East#Palestinian Authority, Palestine * Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, Rojava * Representative democracy in Singapore, Singapore * Democracy in Vietnam, Vietnam

American

* Democracy in Chile, Chile * Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities, Chiapas * Democracy in the United States, United States ** History of direct democracy in the United States, Direct democracy ** Jacksonian democracy ** Jeffersonian democracy

European

* History of democracy#Antiquity, Ancient Greece ** Athenian democracy ** History of democracy#Sparta, Spartan democracy * History of democracy#Rome, Ancient Rome * Democracy in Belarus, Belarus * French Left, France ** Paris Commune * National Democracy (Poland), Poland ** Soviet democracy * Landsgemeinde, Switzerland * Democracy in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom

Oceanian

* Democracy in Australia, Australia

Environmentalism

; Political internationals * Friends of the Earth (environmentalism) * Global Greens (green politics) * World Ecological Parties (bright green environmentalism)

Bright green environmentalism

* Car-free movement * Climate movement * Conservation movement * Ecomodernism, Eco-modernism ** Ecological modernization ** Prometheanism ** Technogaianism * Positive environmentalism

Deep green environmentalism

* Anti-consumerism ** Degrowth, Degrowth movement ** Post-growth ** Post-consumerism ** Steady-state economy * Anti-globalization movement ** Alter-globalization movement ** Global justice movement * Anti-nuclear movement * Bioregionalism * Ecoauthoritarianism * Ecocentrism * Eco-fascism * Green anarchism ** Anarcho-naturism ** Anarcho-primitivism *** Rewilding (anarchism), Rewilding ** Communalism ***

**** Back-to-the-land movement ***

*** Green municipalism *** Libertarian municipalism *** Social ecology ** Inclusive democracy * Neo-Luddism * Radical environmentalism ** Animal rights movement ** Deep Green Resistance ** Earth liberation movement

Light green environmentalism

* Free-market environmentalism ** Eco-capitalism *** Sustainable capitalism ** Georgism *** Geolibertarianism ** Green libertarianism * Green conservatism ** Fiscal environmentalism * Green liberalism

Other

* Ecofeminism * Eco-nationalism ** Green Zionism * Green left ** Eco-socialism * Localism (politics), Localism * Queer ecology

Opposition

* Anti-environmentalism * Wise use movement

Religious variants

* Christian views on environmentalism, Christian environmentalism ** Ecotheology, Eco-theology ** Evangelical environmentalism * Islamic environmentalism * Judaism and environmentalism, Jewish environmentalism * Kaitiaki, Maori environmentalism * Spiritual ecology

Regional variants

African

* Environmental movement in South Africa, South Africa

American

* Environmental movement in the United States, United States

Asian

* Environmental movement#Bangladesh, Bangladesh * Environmental movement#China, China * Environmental movement#India, India * Green Zionism, Israel * Environmental movement#South Korea and Taiwan, South Korea * Environmental movement#South Korea and Taiwan, Taiwan

European

* Environmental movement in Switzerland, Switzerland

Oceanian

* Environmental movement in Australia, Australia * Environmental movement in New Zealand, New Zealand

Fascism

; Political internationals * World Union of National Socialists (

)

General

* Classical Fascism, Classical fascism * Crypto-fascism * Eco-fascism *

* Para-fascism * Post-fascism * Proto-fascism * Techno-fascism

Other

* Alt-right movement * Aryanism * Conservative revolutionary movement * Corporate statism * Fascist corporatism * Fascist mysticism * Esoteric fascism * Fascist syndicalism * Feudal fascism *

* Nouvelle Droite * Palingenetic ultranationalism * Racial nationalism * Supremacism * Syncretic politics, Syncretism * Third Position * Ultranationalism * Metaxism

Opposition

* Anti-authoritarianism * Anti-imperialism * Anti-militarism * Anti-nationalism * Anti-racism

By country

* Resistance during World War II, During and before World War II ** National Liberation Movement (Albania), Albania ** Austrian resistance, Austria ** Belgian Resistance, Belgium ** Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II, Bulgaria ** Anti-Fascist Organisation, Burma ** Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China, China ** Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Czech Republic ** Danish resistance movement, Denmark ** French Resistance, France *** Francs-Tireurs et Partisans ** German resistance to Nazism, Germany *** Antifaschistische Aktion *** Iron Front ** Greek Resistance, Greece ** Antifascist Front of Slavs in Hungary, Hungary ** Italian resistance movement, Italy *** Arditi del Popolo ** Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan, Japan ** Lithuanian partisans, Lithuania ** Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, Malaysia ** Moldovan resistance during World War II, Moldova ** Dutch resistance, Netherlands ** Norwegian resistance movement, Norway ** Partisan (military), Partisan resistance movement (multinational) *** Jewish partisans ** Philippine resistance against Japan, Philippines ** Polish resistance movement in World War II, Poland *** Anti-Fascist Bloc *** Jewish Combat Organization ** Movement of National Antifascist Unity, Portugal ** Slovak National Uprising, Slovakia ** Soviet partisans, Soviet Union ** Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Spain ** Free Thai Movement, Thailand ** Yugoslav Partisans, Yugoslavia * Post-World War II anti-fascism, Post-World War II ** Rosa Antifa, Austria ** Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, Burma ** Antifa (Germany), Germany *** Denazification ** Antifascistisk Aktion, Sweden ** Anti-fascism#United Kingdom: against Mosley's BUF, United Kingdom *** Anti-Fascist Action *** Anti-Nazi League *** Movement for Justice by Any Means Necessary, Movement for Justice *** Red Action *** Squadism *** Unite Against Fascism ** Antifa (United States), United States *** Anti-Racist Action *** BAMN, By Any Means Necessary *** Redneck Revolt *** Refuse Fascism *** Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice

Religious variants

* Christofascism ** Christian Identity ** Positive Christianity * Clerical fascism * Esoteric Nazism ** Ariosophy * Islamofascism *Kahanism

Regional variants

African

* Hutu Power, Rwanda * South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, South Africa ** ** Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging * Rally of the Togolese People, Togo * Mobutism, Zaire

American

* Fascism in South America, Latin America ** Fascism in Argentina, Argentina *** Nacionalismo ** Fascism in South America#Bolivia, Bolivia *** Neo-Fascism#Bolivia, Neo-fascism ** Fascism in Brazil, Brazil *** Brazilian Integralism, Integralism *** Nazism in Brazil, Nazism **** Neo-Nazism#Brazil, Neo-Nazism ** Fascism in South America#Chile, Chile *** Nazism in Chile, Nazism **** Neo-Nazism#Chile, Neo-Nazism ** Neo-Nazism#Costa Rica, Costa Rica ** Fascism in North America#Mexico, Mexico ***Synarchism, Mexican synarchism ** Fascism in Peru, Peru ***Ethnocacerism * Fascism in North America, North America ** Fascism in Canada, Canada *** National Unity Party (Canada), Nazism **** Neo-Nazism in Canada, Neo-Nazism ** Fascism in the United States, United States *** Nazism in the United States, Nazism **** Neo-Nazism in the United States, Neo-Nazism *** Neo-fascism#United States, Neo-fascism **** Jack Donovan (writer)#Politics, Anarcho-fascism *** Trumpism

Asian

* Fascism in East Asia, East Asian ** Chinese Fascism, China ** Neo-fascism#Indonesia, Indonesia **

*** Reform bureaucrats, Technofascism ** Neo-fascism#Mongolia, Mongolia *** Neo-Nazism#Mongolia, Neo-Nazism ** Neo-fascism#Taiwan, Taiwan *** Neo-Nazism#Taiwan, Neo-Nazism * Fascism in Asia#West Asia, West Asian ** Arab fascism ** Fascism in Iran, Iran *** Neo-Nazism#Iran, Neo-Nazism ** Revisionist Maximalism, Israel *** Kahanism *** Neo-Nazism#Israel, Neo-Nazism ** Kataeb Party, Lebanon ** Fascism in Asia#Syria, Syria ** Neo-fascism#Turkey, Turkey *** Neo-Nazism#Turkey, Neo-Nazism

European

* Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943), Albania ** German occupation of Albania, Nazism * Austrofascism, Austria ** Antisemitism in Austria, Antisemitism ** Austrian National Socialism, Nazism * Rexism, Belgium ** Neo-Nazism#Belgium, Neo-Nazism * Neo-Nazism#Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina * Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, Bulgaria * German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II, Belarus * Ustashe, Croatia ** Frankists (Croatia), Frankism ** Croatian socialism, Ustasism ** Neo-fascism in Croatia, Neo-fascism ** Neo-Nazism in Croatia, Neo-Nazism * Neo-Nazism#Czech Republic, Czech Republic * German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Czechoslovakia ** Nástup, Nástupism * National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Denmark ** National Socialist Movement of Denmark, Neo-Nazism * German occupation of Estonia during World War II, Estonia ** History of the Jews in Estonia#The Holocaust, Antisemitism ** Neo-Nazism#Estonia, Neo-Nazism * French fascism, France ** History of the Jews in France#World War II and the Holocaust, Antisemitism ** Vichy France, Nazism *** Neo-Nazism#France, Neo-Nazism ** Neo-socialism ** Révolution nationale * Nazism, Germany ** Nazi Germany *** Antisemitism in Germany, Antisemitism *** Hitlerism *** Strasserism ** Neo-Nazism in Germany, Neo-Nazism ** Völkisch movement *

** History of the Jews in Greece#World War II, Resistance and the Holocaust, Antisemitism ** Greek National Socialist Party, Nazism *** Neo-Nazism in Greece, Neo-Nazism **** Golden Dawn (political party), Golden Dawn ** Neo-fascism in Greece, Neo-fascism * Arrow Cross Party, Hungary ** Antisemitism in Hungary, Antisemitism ** Hungarian National Socialist Party, Nazism *** Neo-Nazism#Hungary, Neo-Nazism *

** National Fascist Party, Classical fascism *** Actual idealism **** Italian racial laws, Antisemitism *** Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, Fasci movement *** Futurist Political Party, Futurism *** Mussolinism *** Republican Fascist Party, Republican fascism *** Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria, Revolutionary fascism *** Sansepolcrismo ** Italian Social Republic, Nazism *** Franco Freda#Involvement and contributions to the Nazi-Maoist movement, Nazi-Maoism *** Neo-Nazism#Italy, Neo-Nazism ** Neo-Fascism in Italy, Neo-fascism *** Italian Social Movement ** National Alliance (Italy), Post-fascism * German occupation of Latvia during World War II, Latvia ** History of the Jews in Latvia#German occupation of Latvia, 1941–1944, Antisemitism * German occupation of Lithuania during World War II, Lithuania * National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, Netherlands ** History of the Jews in the Netherlands#The Holocaust, Antisemitism ** Reichskommissariat Niederlande, Nazism ** Neo-Nazism#Netherlands, Neo-Nazism * Nasjonal Samling, Norway ** History of the Jews in Norway#The Holocaust, Antisemitism * Neo-Nazism#Poland, Poland ** Antisemitism in Poland, Antisemitism ** National Radical Camp, National radicalism * National Union (Portugal), Portugal ** History of the Jews in Portugal#World War II, Antisemitism ** Neo-fascism#Portugal, Neo-fascism * Legionarism, Romania ** History of the Jews in Romania#The Holocaust, Antisemitism ** National Socialist Party (Romania), Nazism ** Ion Antonescu, Antonism * Ruscism, Russia ** Ruscism ** Russian National Socialist Party, Nazism *** Neo-Nazism in Russia, Neo-Nazism * Neo-Nazism in Serbia, Serbia * Slovak People's Party, Slovakia ** Neo-fascism#Slovakia, Neo-fascism ** Neo-Nazism#Slovakia, Neo-Nazism * Slovene Lands in World War II, Slovenia ** History of the Jews in Slovenia#The Holocaust, Antisemitism ** Andrej Šiško, Neo-Nazism * Falangism, Spain ** Antisemitism in Spain ** Francoism * Nazism in Sweden, Sweden ** Antisemitism in Sweden#Fascists, Nazis and the Holocaust, Sweden ** Neo-Nazism in Sweden, Neo-Nazism * Neo-Nazism#Switzerland, Switzerland * Reichskommissariat Ukraine, Ukraine ** Antisemitism in Ukraine#World War II, Antisemitism ** Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists#Ideology, Banderism ** Neo-Nazism in Ukraine, Neo-Nazism * British fascism, United Kingdom ** Neo-fascism in the United Kingdom, Neo-fascism * Yugoslav Radical Union, Yugoslavia ** Nazi occupation of Yugoslavia, Antisemitism

Oceanian

* Neo-Nazism#Oceania, Australia * Fascism in New Zealand, New Zealand ** Neo-Nazism#Oceania, Neo-Nazism

Identity politics

; Political internationals * International Council of Women (feminism) * Minority Rights Group International (minority rights) * Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)

Age-related rights movements

* Anti-abortion movements, Anti-abortion movement *Children's rights movement * Elder rights, Elder rights movement * Intergenerational equity * Youth rights, Youth rights movement

Animal-related rights movements

* Abolitionism (animal rights), Abolitionism * Egalitarianism#Egalitarianism and non-human animals, Animal egalitarianism ** Anti-specism * Animal protectionism * Animal rights, Animal rights movement * Animal liberation movement * Animal welfare, Animal welfarism ** Antinaturalism (politics), Anti-naturalism

Disability-related rights movements

* Disability rights movement ** Deaf culture, Deaf rights movement ** Neurodiversity, Neurodiversity movement *** Autism rights movement *** Mad Pride, Mad pride movement *** Psychiatric survivors movement **** Anti-psychiatry * Fat acceptance movement ** Fat feminism

Feminism

General

* Analytical feminism * Anarcha-feminism * Care-focused feminism * Conservative feminism * Cultural feminism * Cyberfeminism * Difference feminism * Eco-feminism ** Vegetarian ecofeminism, Vegetarian eco-feminism * Equality feminism * Who Stole Feminism?, Gender feminism * Gender-critical feminism * Individualist feminism * Intersectional feminism * Labor feminism * Lesbian feminism * Liberal feminism ** Equity feminism * Libertarian feminism * Lipstick feminism ** Neo-feminism * Material feminism * Maternal feminism * Post-modern feminism * Pro-feminism * Radical feminism ** TERF, Trans-exclusionary radical feminism ** Women's liberation movement * Separatist feminism * Sex-positive feminism * Social feminism * Socialist feminism ** Marxist feminism * Standpoint feminism * State feminism * Transfeminism

Opposition

* Antifeminism

Chronological variants

* Proto-feminism * First-wave feminism * Second-wave feminism * Third-wave feminism * Fourth-wave feminism * Post-feminism

Ethnic and social variants

* Black feminism ** Hip-hop feminism ** Womanism *** Africana womanism * Chicana feminism * Dalit feminism * French feminism ** Post-structural feminism * Indigenous feminism ** Native American feminism * Jineology, Kurdish feminism * Post-colonial feminism ** Global feminism ** Third-world feminism ** Transnational feminism * White feminism

Religious variants

* Atheist feminism * Buddhist feminism * Christian feminism ** New feminism * Hindu feminism * Islamic feminism * Jewish feminism ** Orthodox Jewish feminism * Mormon feminism * Goddess movement, Neopagan feminism ** Dianic Wicca ** Reclaiming (Neopaganism), Reclaiming * Sikh feminism

Regional variants

= African

= * Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo * Feminism in Egypt, Egypt * Feminism in Ethiopia, Ethiopia * Feminism in Ghana, Ghana * Feminism in Mali, Mali * Feminism in Nigeria, Nigeria * Feminism in South Africa, South Africa

= American

= * Feminism in Latin America, Latin America ** Feminism in Argentina, Argentina ** Feminism in Brazil, Brazil ** Feminism in Chile, Chile ** Feminism in Haiti, Haiti ** Feminism in Honduras, Honduras ** Feminism in Mexico, Mexico ** Feminism in Paraguay, Paraguay ** Feminism in Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago * Women's liberation movement in North America, North America ** Feminism in Canada, Canada ** Feminism in the United States, United States

= Asian

= * Feminism in Bangladesh, Bangladesh * Feminism in China, China * Feminism in Hong Kong, Hong Kong * Feminism in India, India * Feminism in Indonesia, Indonesia * Feminism in Iran, Iran * Feminism in Iraq, Iraq * Feminism in Israel, Israel * Feminism in Japan, Japan * Feminism in Lebanon, Lebanon * Feminism in Malaysia, Malaysia * Feminism in Nepal, Nepal * Feminism in Northern Cyprus, Northern Cyprus * Feminism in Pakistan, Pakistan * Feminism in the Philippines, Philippines * Feminism in South Korea, South Korea * Feminism in Syria, Syria * Feminism in Taiwan, Taiwan * Feminism in Thailand, Thailand * Feminism in Turkey, Turkey * Feminism in Vietnam, Vietnam

= European

= * Feminism in Albania, Albania * Feminism in Denmark, Denmark * Feminism in Finland, Finland * Feminism in France, France * Feminism in Germany, Germany * Feminism in Greece, Greece * Feminism in the Republic of Ireland, Ireland * Feminism in Italy, Italy * Feminism in the Netherlands, Netherlands * Feminism in Norway, Norway * Feminism in Poland, Poland * Feminism in Russia, Russia * Feminism in Sweden, Sweden * Feminism in Ukraine, Ukraine * Feminism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom

= Oceanian

= * Feminism in Australia, Australia * Feminism in New Zealand, New Zealand

LGBTQ social movements

* Gay liberation * Homonationalism * LGBT conservatism * LGBTQ pride * LGBTQ rights opposition * Pink capitalism * Queer anarchism * Queer radicalism * Queer ecology * Queer nationalism * Socialism and LGBTQ rights * Transfeminism

Men's movement

* Anti-feminism * Fathers' rights movement * Intactivism * Masculism * Meninism * Men's rights movement * Mythopoetic men's movement * Patriarchy * Pro-feminism ** Men's liberation movement

Regional variants

* Fathers' rights movement in Australia, Australia * Men's rights movement in India, India * Fathers' rights movement in Italy, Italy * Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom * Fathers' rights movement in the United States, United States

Self-determination movements

African-American

* African-American self-determination, African-American self-determination movement * Black anarchism * Black capitalism ** Black conservatism * Black feminism ** Womanism *** Africana womanism * Black power * Pan-Africanism

Indigenous peoples

* Self-determination of Australian Aborigines, Australian Aborigines self-determination movement * Idle No More, First Nations self-determination movement * Greenlandic independence movement * Indigenismo, Indigenous self-determination movement * Māori protest movement, Māori self-determination movement * Native American self-determination, Native American self-determination movement ** American Indian Movement * Pan-Indianism

Latin American

* Chicanismo, Chicanism ** Chicano movement * Hispanismo, Hispanicism * Indigenismo, Indigenism **Katarism ** Indigenismo in Mexico, Mexico ** Indigenismo#Indigenismo in Peru, Peru * Pan-Americanism * Panhispanism, Pan-Hispanism

Separatist and supremacist movements

Ethnic

* Afrocentrism * 19th-century Anglo-Saxonism, Anglo-Saxonism *

ism * Antisemitism ** Cultural antisemitism ** Economic antisemitism ** New antisemitism ** Political antisemitism ** Racial antisemitism ** Religious antisemitism * Arab supremacy, Arab supremacism * Auto-segregationism * Eurocentrism * Indocentrism * Institutional racism * Manifest destiny * Nordicism * Racialism * Racial segregationism ** Social apartheid * Racial separatism (disambiguation), Racial separatism * Racial supremacism * Racism * Scientific racism * Secessionism * Sinocentrism

= Black

= * Black nationalism **Garveyism * Black separatism * Black supremacism * Black feminism, Black Feminism

= White

= * White nationalism * White separatism * White supremacism * White feminism

= Regional variants

African

* Apartheid in South Africa, South Africa

American

* Separatism#Americas, Latin America ** Casta, Racial segregationism * Separatism#Americas, North America ** Secessionist movements of Canada, Canada *** Racial segregation in Canada, Racial segregationism **** Racial segregation in Greater Vancouver, Greater Vancouver ** Secession in the United States, United States *** Racial segregation in the United States, Racial segregationism **** Racial segregation in Atlanta, Atlanta segregationism **** Auto-segregation#United States, Auto-segregationism **** Racial segregation of churches in the United States, Church segregationism **** Racial segregation of public housing in the United States, Public house segregationism **** Residential segregation in the United States, Residential segregationism **** School segregation in the United States, School segregationism ***** Segregation academy, Academic segregationism ***** Black school, Black school segregationism **** Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces, United States Armed Forces *** White nationalism#United States, White nationalism *** White supremacy in the United States, White supremacism

Asian

* Separatism in Pakistan, Pakistan

European

* Partition of Belgium, Belgium * Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia, and Herzegovina * Abkhaz–Georgian conflict, Georgia ** Chechen–Russian conflict, Separatism in Chechnya ** Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan, Separatism in Dagestan ** All-Tatar Public Center, Separatism in Tatarstan ** Ural Republic, Separatism in Ural * Kosovo War, Serbia * National and regional identity in Spain, Spain ** Basque nationalism, Basque separatism ** Catalan independence movement, Catalan separatism * Separatism in eastern Ukraine, Ukraine * Separatism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom

Oceania

* Secessionism in Western Australia, Australia ** Secessionism in Tasmania, Tasmania

Gender

* Feminist separatism ** Lesbian separatism * Homonationalism * Matriarchy * Patriarchy

Religious variants

* Fundamentalism ** Buddhist fundamentalism ** Christian fundamentalism *** Catholic fundamentalism *** Protestant fundamentalism ** Hindu fundamentalism ** Islamic fundamentalism ** Jewish fundamentalism ** Fundamentalism#Pagan, Pagan fundamentalism

Student movements

General

* Anarchistic free school, Anarchist free school movement * Student activism

Regional variants

* Student activism#Argentina, Argentina * Student activism#Australia, Australia * Student politics of Bangladesh, Bangladesh * Student activism in canada, Canada * 2011–13 Chilean student protests, Chile * Student activism#China, China * Student activism#Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo * Student activism#Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet Union states, Eastern Europe ** MJAFT!, Albania ** Zubr (political organization), Belarus ** Prague Spring, Czechoslovakia ** Kmara, Georgia ** Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Hungary ** KelKel, Kyrgyzstan ** Otpor!, Serbia ** PORA, Ukraine * European Students' Union, European Union ** May 1968 events in France, France ** German student movement, Germany ** 2010 United Kingdom student protests, United Kingdom * Student activism#Hong Kong, Hong Kong ** Umbrella Revolution ** Hong Kong Federation of Students ** Moral and National Education controversy#Pressure groups and protests, Occupy Tamar ** Scholarism ** Umbrella Movement * Student activism#India, India ** Assam Movement ** 2017 pro-jallikattu protests, Pro-jallikattu movement * Student activism#Indonesia, Indonesia * Student activism#Iran, Iran * Student activism#Israel, Israel * Student activism#Japan, Japan * Student movements in Korea, Korea * Student activism#Malaysia, Malaysia * Student activism#México, Mexico * Student activism#Philippines, Philippines * Student activism#Taiwan, Taiwan ** Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement ** Sunflower Student Movement * Student movements in Uganda, Uganda * Student activism#United States, United States ** Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization), New Students for a Democratic Society ** Rouge Forum ** Students for a Democratic Society *** Worker Student Alliance ** Student Press Law Center

Liberalism

; Political internationals * Liberal International (liberalism) * Transnational Radical Party (Radicalism (historical), radicalism)

General

* Agonistic liberalism * Classical liberalism *

* Constitutional liberalism * Cultural liberalism * Economic liberalism * Green liberalism * Muscular liberalism * National liberalism * Neoclassical liberalism * Neo-liberalism * Ordoliberalism * Secular liberalism * Social liberalism * Technoliberalism

Other

* Anti anti-communism * Centrism, Liberal centrism ** Communitarianism, Liberal communitarianism ** Moderate, Liberal moderatism ** Syncretic politics, Liberal syncretism **

** Sinistrisme **

** Trasformismo * Constitutionalism, Liberal constitutionalism * Egalitarianism#Legal egaitarianism, Liberal egalitarianism ** Egalitarianism#Modern egalitarianism theory, Modern egalitarianism ** Political egalitarianism * Liberal autocracy * Liberal conservatism * Liberal corporatism * Liberal democracy * Liberal feminism ** Equity feminism * Liberal internationalism ** Cosmopolitanism ** Globalism *** Cultural globalizationism *** Economic globalizationism *** Political globalizationism * Social progressivism, Liberal progressivism * Liberal socialism **Ethical socialism * Democratic transhumanism, Liberal transhumanism * Welfare spending, Liberal welfarism * Radicalism (historical), Liberal radicalism * Republicanism, Liberal republicanism ** Classical republicanism ** Republicanism#Democracy, Democratic republicanism ** Legal egalitarianism ** Republicanism#Modern republicanism, Modern republicanism ** Neo-republicanism * Social libertarianism * Whiggism

Opposition

* Liberalism#Criticism and support, Anti-liberalism * Illiberal democracy

Regional variants

African

* Liberalism in Egypt, Egypt * Liberalism in Nigeria, Nigeria * Liberalism in Senegal, Senegal * Liberalism in South Africa, South Africa * Liberalism in Tunisia, Tunisia * Liberalism in Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

American

* Liberalism in Latin America, Latin America ** Liberalism in Bolivia, Bolivia ** Liberalism in Brazil, Brazil ** Liberalism and radicalism in Chile, Chile ** Liberalism in Colombia, Colombia ** Liberalism in Cuba, Cuba ** Liberalism in Ecuador, Ecuador ** Liberalism in Honduras, Honduras ** Liberalism in Mexico, Mexico ** Liberalism in Nicaragua, Nicaragua ** Liberalism in Panama, Panama ** Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay, Paraguay ** Liberalism in Peru, Peru ** Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico), Puerto Rico ** Liberalism in Uruguay, Uruguay ***Artiguism ***Batllism ** Liberal Party (Venezuela), Venezuela * History of liberalism#Americas, North America ** Liberalism in Canada, Canada ** Liberalism in the United States, United States *** Abolitionism in the United States, Abolitionism *** Anti-Federalism **** Anti-Administration party **** Democratic-Republican Party, Democratic republicanism ***** Jacobin (politics)#United States, Jacobinism ***** Jeffersonian democracy, Jeffersonianism *** Democratic Party (United States), Democratism **** New Democrats (United States), New democratism ***** Clintonism *** Liberal Republican Party (United States), Liberal republicanism **** Moderate republicanism **** Radical Republican, Radical republicanism *** Modern liberalism in the United States, Modern liberalism **** Libertarianism in the United States, Classical liberalism ****New Deal liberalism ***** New Deal coalition **** Progressivism in the United States, Progressive movement **** Wilsonianism

Asian

* Liberalism in China, China * Liberalism in Hong Kong, Hong Kong * Liberalism in India, India * Liberalism in Iran, Iran * Liberalism in Israel, Israel * Liberalism in Japan, Japan * Liberal Party (Philippines), Philippines * Liberalism in South Korea, South Korea * Liberalism in Taiwan, Taiwan * Liberalism in Thailand, Thailand * Liberalism in Turkey, Turkey **Liberal Kemalism

European

* Liberalism in Albania, Albania * Liberalism in Armenia, Armenia * Liberalism in Austria, Austria ** Jacobin (politics)#Austria, Jacobinism * Liberalism in Belgium, Belgium * Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria, Bulgaria * Liberalism in Croatia, Croatia * Liberalism in Cyprus, Cyprus * Liberalism in the Czech lands, Czech lands * Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark, Denmark * Liberalism and centrism in Estonia, Estonia * Liberalism and centrism in Finland, Finland * Liberalism and radicalism in France, France ** Abolitionism in France, Abolitionism *** Society of the Friends of the Blacks ** Opportunist Republicans, Republican Left ** Revolutionary France *** Left–right political spectrum#History, Historical Left **** Jacobins ***** Cordeliers ***** Dantonists ***** Girondins ***** Hébertists ***** The Mountain, Montagnards *** Modérantisme **** Feuillant (political group), Feuillants Club **** The Plain, Maraisards ***** Thermidorians **** Monarchiens **** Society of 1789 * Liberalism in Germany, Germany * Liberalism in Greece, Greece * Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary, Hungary * Liberalism and radicalism in Italy, Italy ** Historical Left ** Historical Right * Liberalism in Latvia, Latvia * Liberalism in Lithuania, Lithuania * Liberalism in Luxembourg, Luxembourg * Liberalism in the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia * Liberalism in Moldova, Moldova * Liberalism in Montenegro, Montenegro * Liberalism in the Netherlands, Netherlands * Liberalism in Norway, Norway * Liberalism in Poland, Poland * Liberalism in Portugal, Portugal * Liberalism and radicalism in Romania, Romania * Liberalism in Russia, Russia * Liberalism in Serbia, Serbia * Liberalism in Slovakia, Slovakia * Liberalism in Slovenia, Slovenia * Liberalism and radicalism in Spain, Spain **Krausism#Spanish Krausism, Krausism * Liberalism and centrism in Sweden, Sweden * Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland, Switzerland * Liberalism in Ukraine, Ukraine * Liberalism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Abolitionism in the United Kingdom, Abolitionism ** Gladstonian liberalism ** Manchester Liberalism *** Cobdenism ** Muscular liberalism ** Social liberalism#United Kingdom, New liberalism ** Radicals (UK), Radicalism *** Chartism *** Foxites *** Jacobin (politics)#United Kingdom, Jacobinism *** Philosophical Radicals, Philosophical Radicalism ** Roundheads *** Oliver Cromwell, Cromwellism *** Whigs (British political party), Whigs ** Herbert Spencer, Spencerianism

Oceanian

* Liberalism in Australia, Australia * Historic liberalism in New Zealand, New Zealand

Libertarianism

; Political internationals * Center for a Stateless Society (left-libertarianism) * International Alliance of Libertarian Parties (right-libertarianism) * International of Anarchist Federations (anarchism) * The IU, International Union for Land Value Taxation (geoism) * Liberty International (organization), Liberty International (right-libertarianism)

Left-libertarianism

* Left-libertarianism#Classical liberalism and Georgism, Classical liberal radicalism * Eco-socialism * Free-market anarchism * Free-market anti-capitalism ** Agorism ** Counter-economics ** Free-market socialism ** Left-wing laissez-faire ** Market-oriented left-libertarianism ** Really Really Free Market, Really Really Free Market movement * Geolibertarianism * Green anarchism * Individualist anarchism * Libertarian communism * Libertarian Marxism *

* Mutualism * Social anarchism * Social libertarianism * Steiner–Vallentyne school

Right-libertarianism

* Anarcho-capitalism ** Crypto-anarchism * Austro-libertarianism * Chicago school (economics), Chicagoanism * Conservative libertarianism * Fiscal conservatism * Free-marketism ** Free-market fundamentalism ** Right-wing laissez-faire * Fusionism * Neo-liberalism * Paleolibertarianism * Propertarianism

Other

* Autarchism * Civil libertarianism * Consequentialist libertarianism * Constitutionalism * Laissez-faire * Libertarian conservatism * Libertarian feminism * Libertarian paternalism * Minarchism * Natural-rights libertarianism * Neoclassical liberalism * Panarchy (political philosophy), Panarchism * Radicalism *Technolibertarianism **Libertarian transhumanism *** Anarcho-transhumanism **Californian Ideology **Techno-utopianism * Voluntaryism

Opposition

* Criticism of libertarianism, Anti-libertarianism

Religious variants

* Christian libertarianism * Libertarian Christianity

Regional variants

African

* Libertarianism in South Africa, South Africa ** Anarchism in South Africa, Anarchism

American

* Presidency of Javier Milei, Argentina * Libertarian Party of Canada, Canada ** Anarchism in Canada, Anarchism * Libertarianism in the United States, United States

= United States

= * Anarcho-capitalism#Influences, Anarcho-capitalism ** David D. Friedman#The Machinery of Freedom, Freedmanian anarcho-capitalism ** Murray Rothbard#Anarcho-capitalism, Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism *** Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Hoppean anarcho-capitalism * Anarchism in the United States#Early American anarcho-communism, Anarcho-communism * Industrial Workers of the World, Anarcho-syndicalism ** Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics, Wobblyism * Timothy C. May, Crypto-anarchism * Individualist anarchism in the United States#American egoism, Egoist anarchism * Left-wing market anarchism#Precedents, Free-market anti-capitalism ** Free-market anarchism#History, Free-market anarchism *** Samuel Edward Konkin III, Agorism *** Individualist anarchism in the United States#Overview, Free-market socialism **** Laissez-faire socialism **** Mutualism (economic theory)#Ideological development, Mutualism **** Mutualism (economic theory)#Mutualism today, Neo-mutualism *** Free-market anarchism#Alliance between market-oriented libertarians and the New Left, Market-oriented left-libertarianism **** Left-wing laissez-faire ***** Laissez-faire socialism **** Left-wing market anarchism * Green anarchism#Mid-20th century, Green anarchism * Individualist anarchism in the United States, Individualist anarchism * Libertarian Democrat, Libertarian democratism ** Bleeding-heart libertarianism * Libertarian Republican, Libertarian republicanism ** Conservative libertarianism *** Reaganism * Laissez-faire#United States, Right-wing laissez-faire ** Laissez-faire capitalism ** Raw capitalism * Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism, Social anarchism

Asian

* Libertarianism in Hong Kong, Hong Kong

European

* Libertarianism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Anarchism in the United Kingdom, Anarchism *** Anarcho-communism in the United Kingdom, Anarcho-communism *** Anarcho-naturism#Other countries, Anarcho-naturism *** Individualist anarchism in Europe#United Kingdom and Ireland, Individualist anarchism ** Thatcherism

Oceanian

* Libertarian Party of Australia, Australia ** Anarchism in Australia, Anarchism ***Harry Hooton#Anarcho-technocracy, Anarcho-technocracy

Nationalism

; Political internationals * International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and Regionalism (politics), regionalism) * The Movement (populist group), The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism) * Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (nationalism and self-determination)

General

* Blind nationalism * Bourgeois nationalism * Civic nationalism * Cultural nationalism * Diaspora politics, Diaspora nationalism * Eco-nationalism * Economic nationalism ** Business nationalism ** Corporate nationalism ** Developmentalism ** Protectionism * Ethnic nationalism ** Identitarian movement, Identitarianism * Expansionist nationalism **

** Jingoism ** Neo-colonialism ** Neo-imperialism **

* Homonationalism * Integral nationalism ** Brazilian Integralism ** Integralismo Lusitano, Lusitanian integralism ** Maurrassisme, Maurassisme **Revisionist Maximalism * Left-wing nationalism ** Ulusalism * Liberal nationalism * Wars of national liberation, Liberation nationalism * Pan-nationalism * Types of nationalism#Post-colonial nationalism, Post-colonial nationalism * Queer nationalism * Racial nationalism * Radical nationalism * Revolutionary nationalism * Right-wing populism, Right-wing nationalism ** Neo-nationalism * Romantic nationalism * Socialist patriotism, Socialist nationalism ** Socialism in one country ** Yugoslavism, Socialist Yugoslav nationalism *** Yugo-nostalgia ** Soviet nationalism *** Neo-Stalinism *** Neo-Sovietism *** Soviet nostalgia * Territorial nationalism * Ultranationalism

Other

* Anti-imperialism ** Isolationism ** Souverainism * Chauvinism **

***

****

***

** Han chauvinism ** Local ethnic nationalism, Local ethnic chauvinism ** Welfare chauvinism * Communitarianism * Dark Enlightenment * Euroscepticism ** Hard Euroscepticism ** Soft Euroscepticism * Nashism * National-anarchism * National Bolshevism * National capitalism * National communism *

* National liberalism * National mysticism * National populism * Socialist nationalism, National socialism * National syndicalism * Nativism * Patriotism * Souverainism, Sovereignism

Opposition

* Anationalism * Anti-patriotism * Anti-Zionism ** Religious anti-Zionism * Cosmopolitanism * Globalism * Internationalism (politics), Internationalism ** Cosmopolitan democracy ** Liberal internationalism ** Postnationalism ** Proletarian internationalism ** World communism, Socialist internationalism * Multiculturalism

Religious variants

* Religious nationalism#Nationalism in modern paganism, Pagan nationalism * Buddhism and violence, Buddhist nationalism ** 969 Movement ** Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism * Christian nationalism * Hindu nationalism * Muslim nationalism * New Confucianism * Religious Zionism ** Christian Zionism * Khalistan movement, Sikh nationalism * State Shinto ** Statism in Shōwa Japan, Showa Statism

Regional variants

African

* Algerian nationalism, Algeria * Berberism, Berber * Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo), East Congo ** Lumumbism * Egyptian nationalism, Egypt ** Pharaonism *** Coptic nationalism **** Coptic identity * Ethiopian nationalism, Ethiopia * Hutu Power * Malagasy Uprising, Madagascar * Nigerian nationalism, Nigeria ** Igbo nationalism * Somali nationalism, Somalia *

** Afrikaner nationalism, Afrikaners

American

* Argentine nationalism, Argentina * Brazilian nationalism, Brazil * Canadian nationalism, Canada ** Quebec nationalism, Quebec * Costa Rican nationalism, Costa Rica * Creole nationalism * Greenlandic independence, Greenland * Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago * American nationalism, United States ** American exceptionalism ** Americanism (ideology), Americanism ** Chicano nationalism ** Hawaiian sovereignty movement ** Manifest destiny ** New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt), New Nationalism ** Puerto Rico independence movement ** Southern nationalism *** Confederatism **** Neo-Confederate, Neo-confederate movement

Asian

* Arab nationalism, Arab ** Lebanese nationalism, Lebanon ** Palestinian nationalism, Palestine * Tseghakronism, Armenia * Assyrian nationalism, Assyria * Azerbaijani nationalism, Azerbaijan * Bangladeshi nationalism, Bangladesh * Khmer nationalism, Cambodia * Chinese nationalism, China **Cantonese nationalism ** Uyghur nationalism, East Turkistan ** Taiwanese nationalism, Taiwan *** Taiwan independence movement ** Tibetan nationalism, Tibet * Indian nationalism, India ** Assamese nationalism, Assam *** Bodo nationalism ** Bengali nationalism, Bengal ** Dravidian nationalism *** Kerala reformation movement, Kerala *** Tamil nationalism, Tamil Nadu ** Indian independence movement *** Opposition to the partition of India, Anti-partitionism **** Composite nationalism **** Hindu–Muslim unity *** Two-nation theory **** Hindu nationalism **** Muslim nationalism in South Asia ** Kashmiriyat, Kashmir *** Khilafat Movement ** Naga nationalism, Nagaland ** Punjabi nationalism, Punjab *** Khalistan movement, Sikh nationalism ** Tripuri nationalism, Tripura * Iranian nationalism, Iran ** Iranian Islamonationalism * Jewish peoplehood, Israel ** Bundism ** Canaanism ** Cultural Zionism ** Federal Zionism *** Ethnic federalism *** Multinational state, Bi-nationalism ** Green Zionism ** Golus nationalism *** Yiddishist movement, Yiddishism ** Labor Zionism ** Liberal Zionism *** Reform Zionism ** Neo-Zionism *** Greater Israel ** Types_of_Zionism#Political Zionism, Political Zionism ** Post-Zionism ** Types_of_Zionism#Practical_Zionism, Practical Zionism ** Revisionist Zionism *** Revisionist Maximalism ** Types_of_Zionism#Revolutionary_Zionism, Revolutionary Zionism *** National Bolshevism#Israel, National Bolshevism ** Types_of_Zionism#Synthetic_Zionism, Synthetic Zionism ** Zionism * Japanese nationalism, Japan * Karen conflict, Karen * Korean nationalism, Korean ** Korean ethnic nationalism * Kurdish nationalism, Kurdish ** Kurdish Islamonationalism * Early Malay nationalism, Malaysia * Pakistani nationalism, Pakistan ** Kashmir conflict, Kashmir * Filipino nationalism, Philippines * Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism, Sri Lanka ** Tamil nationalism, Tamil * Turkish nationalism, Turkey ** Kemalism, Kemalism or Atatürk nationalism ** Neo-Ottomanism ** Turkish Islamonationalism * Vietnamese nationalism, Vietnam ** United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races, Degar

European

* Albanian nationalism, Albania ** Albanian nationalism (Kosovo), Kosovo * Armenian nationalism, Armenia * Austrian nationalism, Austria ** German nationalism in Austria * Belarusian national revival, Belarus * National awakening of Bulgaria, Bulgaria * Czechoslovakism, Czechoslovakia ** Czech nationalism, Czech Republic ** Slovak nationalism, Slovakia * Estonian nationalism, Estonia * French nationalism, France ** Alsace independence movement, Alsace ** Breton nationalism, Brittany ** Corsican nationalism, Corsica ** Gaullism ** Occitan nationalism, Occitania ** Souverainism * Georgian nationalism, Georgia * German nationalism, Germany ** Bavarian nationalism, Bavaria ** Prussian nationalism, Prussia ** Conservative Revolution, New Nationalism ** Reichsbürger movement * Golus nationalism * Greek nationalism, Greece ** Cypriot nationalism, Cyprus ** Byzantinism ** Megali Idea ** Venizelism * Hungarian nationalism, Hungary * Irish nationalism, Ireland ** Irish republicanism ** Unionism in Ireland, Ulster unionism * Italian nationalism, Italy ** Lombard nationalism, Lombardy ** Padanian nationalism, Padania ** Sardinian nationalism, Sardinia ** Sicilian nationalism, Sicily ** Venetian nationalism, Venetian * Latvian National Awakening, Latvia * Lithuanian National Revival, Lithuania * Pan-Netherlands, Low Countries ** Belgian nationalism, Belgium *** Flemish Movement, Flanders *** Orangism (Belgium), Orangism *** Rattachism *** Walloon Movement, Wallonia ** Dutch people, Netherlands *** Frisian nationalism, Frisia * Moldovenism, Moldova * Polish nationalism, Poland ** National Democracy (Poland), National Democracy ** Polish Messianism ** Silesian Autonomy Movement, Silesia ** Zadrugism ** Székely autonomy movement, Szeklerland * Russian nationalism, Russia **

*** Duginism **** Neo-Eurasianism ** Extremist nationalism in Russia, Extremist nationalism *** Black Hundreds ** Nashism ** Bulgarism ** Chechen-Russian conflict, Chechnya ** Circassian nationalism, Circassia ** Karelianism, Karelia * Scandinavism, Nordic countries ** Faroese independence movement, Faroe Islands ** Finnish nationalism, Finland *** Fennoman movement *** Svecoman movement ** Greenlandic independence, Greenland ** Icelandic nationalism, Iceland ** Norwegian romantic nationalism, Norway ** Sámi people, Sápmi * Spanish nationalism, Spain ** Basque nationalism, Basque ** Canarian nationalism, Canary Islands ** Catalan nationalism, Catalonia ** Galician nationalism, Galicia ** Valencian nationalism, Valencia *** Blaverism * Ukrainian nationalism, Ukraine * British nationalism, United Kingdom ** British unionism ** Cornish nationalism, Cornwall ** English nationalism, England ** Northern Ireland *** Ulster loyalism *** Ulster nationalism ** Scottish nationalism, Scotland ** Welsh nationalism, Wales * Yugoslavism, Yugoslavia ** Bosnian nationalism, Bosnia ** Croatian nationalism, Croatia *** Dalmatianism, Dalmatia *** Istrian identity, Istria ** Serbian nationalism, Serbia ** Macedonian nationalism, Macedonia ** Montenegrin nationalism, Montenegro ** Slovene nationalism, Slovenia

Oceanian

* Australian nationalism, Australia * New Zealand First, New Zealand ** Māori nationalism, Māori ** South Island nationalism, South Island

Unification movements

* Chinese unificationism ** Han nationalism * Continentalism *

* Hui pan-nationalism * Indian nationalism ** Opposition to the partition of India, Anti-partitionism *** Composite nationalism *** Hindu–Muslim unity **** Indian reunificationism **** Indo-Pakistani Confederationism * Indigenism **Chicanismo ** Indigenismo, Indigenism movement ** Pan-Indianism * Korean reunificationism * Multiculturalism ** Interculturalism ** Pluriculturalism ** Plurinationalism ** Polyculturalism * Neo-Sovietism * Pan-Africanism * Pan-Albanianism * Pan-Americanism * Pan-Arabism ** Ba'athism ** Nasserism *** Neo-Ba'athism **** Assadism **** Saddamism * Pan-Asianism * Pan-Celticism * Dravidian nationalism, Pan-Dravidianism * Pan-Europeanism ** Pro-Europeanism ** European federalism *** European Federation, United States of Europe ** Pan-European nationalism * Pan-Finnicism * Natural borders of France, Pan-Francoism ** Rattachism * Pan-Germanism ** German reunificationism * Megali Idea, Pan-Hellenism * Pan-Hispanism ** Patria Grande * Pan-Iberism * Pan-Iranism * United Ireland, Pan-Irishism * Pan-Islamism * Latin American integration, Pan-Latin Americanism * Pan-Latinism * Pan-Mongolism * Pan-Netherlands, Pan-Netherlandism ** Greater Netherlands, Grootneerlandisme ** Orangism (Kingdom of the Netherlands), Orangism * Pan-Oceanianism * Greater Romania, Pan-Rumanianism ** Unification of Moldova and Romania, Moldovan-Romanian reunificationism * Pan-Scandinavianism * Pan-Slavism ** Yugoslavism * Pan-Somalism * Turanism, Pan-Turanism * Pan-Turkism * Postnationalism * Regionalism (politics), Regionalism

Populism

; Political internationals * Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century) * The Movement (populist group), The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism) * Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

General

* Fiscal populism * Conservative populism * Economic populism * Liberal populism * Reactionary populism * Social populism * Socialist populism * Techno-populism

Left-wing populism

* Agrarian socialism * Anti-austerity movement * Anti-consumerism * Criticisms of corporations, Anti-corporate movement ** Anti-corporate activism * Anti-globalization movement ** Alter-globalization movement ** Global citizens movement ** Global justice movement * Anti-nuclear movement *

* Opposition to copyCopyright reform movement ** Copyleft * Cyber-utopianism * Economic democracy ** Councilism, Council democracy ** Inclusive democracy ** Industrial democracy ** Soviet democracy ** Workers' self-management ** Workplace democracy * Economic progressivism * Egalitarianism * Labour movement * Left-wing nationalism * Net neutrality, Net neutrality movement * Occupy movement * Open-source-software movement * Participatory economics, Parecon ** Participatory budgeting * Participatory politics, Parpolity ** Participatory democracy ** Participatory justice ** Participatory planning * Peace movement ** Anti-militarism ** Anti-war movement ** Pacifism *

* Social populism, Social democratic populism * Socialist populism

Right-wing populism

* Alt-lite movement * Alt-right movement * Anti-intellectualism * Chauvinism ** Welfare chauvinism * Conservative populism * Demagogy * Market populism *

** Post-communism * National populism * Nativism ** Opposition to immigration, Anti-immigration movement * Neo-nationalism * Neo-reactionary movement * Paleoconservatism * Penal populism * Right-wing populism, Right-wing nationalism ** Right-wing anti-globalism * Reactionary populism ** Radical right-wing populism * Third Position * Völkisch movement

Other

* Agrarianism ** Agrarian reformism *** Land reform, Land reform movement ** Physiocracy * Communitarianism * Direct democracy * Euroscepticism ** Hard Euroscepticism ** Soft Euroscepticism * Localism (politics), Localism * Regionalism (politics), Regionalism ** Souverainism, Sovereignism * Valence populism

Regional variants

African

* Arab Spring, Arab Spring movement

Asian

* ELAM (Cyprus), Cyprus ** Progressive Party of Working People ** Solidarity Movement (Cyprus), Solidarity Movement * Populism#Georgia, Georgia ** Alliance of Patriots of Georgia * Populism#India, India ** Bahujan Samaj Party *** Ambedkarism **

*** Bharatiya Janata Party **** Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Modism * Populism#Iran, Iran ** Iranian Green Movement * Populism#Pakistan, Pakistan ** Tehreek-e-Insaf * Populism#Turkey, Turkey ** Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party *** Erdoğanism *** Neo-Ottomanism ** Nationalist Movement Party *** Idealism (Turkey), Idealism ** Millî Görüş *** Necmettin Erbakan, Erbakanism

American

* Populism in Latin America, Latin America ** Front for Victory, Argentina *** Kirchnerism *** Peronism ** Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism, Bolivia *** Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), Movement for Socialism ** History of the socialist movement in Brazil, Brazil *** Bolsonarism *** Lulism *** Workers' Party (Brazil), Petism *** Podemos (Brazil), Podemos ** Populism in Latin America#Chile, Chile *** Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, Ibañism ** Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism, Ecuador *** PAIS Alliance **** Rafael Correa#Political ideology, Correanism ** National Regeneration Movement, Mexico ** Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism, Nicaragua *** Sandinism ** Puerto Rican Independence Party, Puerto Rico ** Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism, Venezuela *** Bolivarianism **** Chavism **** Fifth Republic Movement * Populism#North America, North America ** Populism in Canada, Canada ** History of direct democracy in the United States, United States *** Black populism, Black populism movement *** Progressive Party (United States, 1912), Bull Moose populism *** Coffee Party USA, Coffee Party movement *** Jacksonian democracy *** Jeffersonian democracy *** Huey Long#Social and political positions, Longism *** People's Party (United States), People's Party populism *** Reform Party of the United States of America, Perotism *** Progressive Party (United States, 1924–34), Progressive populism *** Tea Party movement *** Trumpism **** QAnon

European

* History of populism, Ancient Rome ** Caesarism ** Populares * Populism#Austria, Austria ** Freedom Party of Austria ** NOW – List Pilz * Populism#Belarus, Belarus ** Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus * Populism#Belgium, Belgium ** People's Party (Belgium), People's Party ** Vlaams Belang * Populism#Bulgaria, Bulgaria ** United Patriots ** Volya (Bulgarian political party), Volya * Populism#Croatia, Croatia ** Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja ** Human Shield (political party), Human Shield * Populism#Cyprus, Cyprus ** Citizens' Alliance (Cyprus), Citizens' Alliance * Populism#Czech Republic, Czech Republic ** ANO 2011 ** Czech Pirate Party ** Dawn – National Coalition ** Euroscepticism in the Czech Republic, Euroscepticism ** Freedom and Direct Democracy ** Party of Civic Rights * Populism#Denmark, Denmark ** Danish People's Party ** Inuit Ataqatigiit ** Red–Green Alliance (Denmark), Red–Green Alliance * Populism#Estonia, Estonia ** Conservative People's Party of Estonia * Populism#Europe, European Union ** Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe ** European Alliance for Freedom ** European United Left–Nordic Green Left ** Euroscepticism *** Hard Euroscepticism *** Soft Euroscepticism ** Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom ** Party of the European Left * Populism#Finland, Finland ** Finns Party *** Blue Reform ** Seven Star Movement ** Left Alliance (Finland), Left Alliance * Populism#France, France ** Debout la France ** Frexit ** La France Insoumise ** Left Party (France), Left Party ** Direct democracy#Paris Commune, Paris Commune *** Communard movement ** Poujadism ** Revolutionary France *** Cordeliers *** Hébertists ** National Rally (France), National Rally ** Souverainism ** Yellow vests movement * Populism#Germany, Germany ** Alternative for Germany ** The Left (Germany), The Left ** Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht * Populism#Greece, Greece ** Athenian democracy, Ancient Athenian democracy ** Anti-austerity movement in Greece, Anti-austerity movement ** Golden Dawn (political party), Golden Dawn ** Grexit ** Independent Greeks ** Popular Unity (Greece), Popular Unity ** Syriza * Populism#Hungary, Hungary ** Fidesz *** Viktor Orbán#Views and public image, Orbánism ** Jobbik ** Hungarian withdrawal from the European Union * Populism#Italy, Italy ** Five Star Movement ** Italexit ** Italian Left ** * Populism#Iceland, Iceland ** Centre Party (Iceland), Centre Party ** Left-Green Movement ** Pirate Party (Iceland), Pirate Party ** People's Party (Iceland, 2016), People's Party * Populism#Ireland, Ireland ** Anti-austerity movement in Ireland, Anti-austerity movement *** Solidarity (Ireland), Solidarity ** Euroscepticism in the Republic of Ireland, Euroscepticism ** Sinn Féin * Populism#Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein ** The Independents (Liechtenstein), The Independents * Populism#Lithuania, Lithuania ** Order and Justice * Populism#Luxembourg, Luxembourg ** Alternative Democratic Reform Party ** The Left (Luxembourg), The Left * Populism#Nederlands, Nederlands ** Forum for Democracy (Netherlands), Forum for Democracy ** Dutch withdrawal from the European Union, Nexit ** Party for Freedom * Populism#Norway, Norway ** Progress Party (Norway), Progress Party * Populism#Poland, Poland ** Congress of the New Right ** Kukiz'15 ** Law and Justice ** Real Politics Union * Populism#Portugal, Portugal ** Anti-austerity movement in Portugal, Anti-austerity movement *** Left Bloc (Portugal), Left Bloc * Populism#Romania, Romania ** Greater Romania Party ** Poporanism ** Romanian withdrawal from the European Union * Populism#Russia, Russia ** A Just Russia ** Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ** Narodniks, Narodnik movement ** Putinism * Populism#San Marino, San Marino ** Active Citizenship ** United Left (San Marino), United Left * Populism#Serbia, Serbia ** Dveri ** Serbian Progressive Party ** Serbian Radical Party * Populism#Slovenia, Slovenia ** The Left (Slovenia), The Left ** List of Marjan Šarec ** Slovenian Democratic Party ** Slovenian National Party * Populism#Spain, Spain ** Anti-austerity movement in Spain, Anti-austerity movement *** Anova–Nationalist Brotherhood *** Podemos (Spanish political party), Podemos *** United Left (Spain), United Left ** Citizens (Spanish political party), Citizens ** Vox (Spanish political party), Vox * Populism#Sweden, Sweden ** Left Party (Sweden), Left Party ** Sweden Democrats * Direct democracy#Switzerland, Switzerland ** Geneva Citizens' Movement ** Landsgemeinde ** Popular initiative (Switzerland), Popular initiative ** Swiss People's Party ** Voting in Switzerland, Swiss semi-direct democracy ** Ticino League * Populism#Ukraine, Ukraine ** Svoboda (political party), Svoboda * Populism#United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Anti-austerity movement in the United Kingdom, Anti-austerity movement ** Democratic Unionist Party ** Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom, Euroscepticism *** Brexit, Brexit movement ** UK Independence Party

Oceanian

* Populism#Oceania, Australia ** One Nation Party * Populism#New Zealand, New Zealand ** New Zealand First

Progressivism

; Political internationals * Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy) * Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

General

* Economic progressivism * Social progressivism * Techno-progressivism * Transnational progressivism

Other

* Progressive conservatism * Reform movement * Social justice#Socal justice movements, Social justice movement * Technocracy movement

Opposition

* Reactionary, Anti-progressivism

Religious variants

* Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Islamic progressivism * Progressive Christianity

Regional variants

* Progressivism in Canada, Canada * Progressivism in South Korea, South Korea **Centrist reformism * Progressivism in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom * Progressivism in the United States, United States ** American System (economic plan), American System ** Great Society *** War on Poverty ** New Deal *** Fair Deal *** Green New Deal ** The New Freedom, New Freedom ** New Frontier ** Congressional Progressive Caucus, Progressive democratism *** Justice Democrats, Justice democratism ** Progressive Era *** Eugenics in the United States, Eugenics *** New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt), New Nationalism *** Square Deal *** Temperance movement **** Prohibition in the United States, Prohibitionism *** Presidency of Woodrow Wilson, Wilsonianism ** Whig Party (United States), Whigs

Religio-political ideologies

; Political internationals * Centrist Democrat International (

) * Hizb ut-Tahrir (

) * Humanist International (humanism) * Muslim Brotherhood (

)

General

* Anti-Masonry ** Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity, Christian anti-Masonry ** Anti-Masonry#Muslim anti-Masonry, Muslim anti-Masonry * Antisemitism ** Economic antisemitism ** New antisemitism ** Racial antisemitism ** Religious antisemitism * Clericalism * Complementarianism * Confessionalism (politics), Confessionalism * Feminist theology ** Thealogy ** Womanist theology * Freemasonry * Humanism ** Religious humanism ** Secular humanism * Messianism *Millenarianism * Political religion * Postcolonial theology * Religious anarchism * Religious anti-Zionism * Religious rejection of politics, Religious apoliticism * Religious communism * Egalitarianism#Religious and spiritual egalitarianism, Religious egalitarianism * Religion and environmentalism, Religious environmentalism ** Spiritual ecology * Religious liberalism * Religious nationalism * Religious pacifism * Religious socialism * Secularism ** Anti-clericalism ** Cult of Reason ** Disestablishmentarianism ** Secular religion ** Secular state * Spiritual left * State religion ** Antidisestablishmentarianism ** Cult of the Supreme Being *** Theophilanthropy ** Theocracy ** Theonomy

Political atheism and agnosticism

* Atheist feminism * Marxist–Leninist atheism * Secular humanism * Secular liberalism * State atheism

Political Baháʼí Faith

* New world order (Baháʼí) ** Political objections to the Baháʼí Faith, Opposition

Political Buddhism

* Buddhist anarchism * Buddhist feminism * Buddhist modernism ** Engaged Buddhism ** Humanistic Buddhism ** Secular Buddhism * Buddhism and violence, Buddhist nationalism ** 969 Movement ** Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism * Buddhist socialism

Political Christianity

* Caesaropapism * Antisemitism in Christianity, Christian antisemitism *

** Christian corporatism **

** Gremialismo ** Popolarismo ** Social credit * Christian egalitarianism * Christian views on environmentalism, Christian environmentalism ** Ecotheology ** Evangelical environmentalism * Christian feminism * Christian humanism * Christianism * Christian left ** Christian anarchism ***

*** Tolstoyan movement ** Christian communism *** Bruderhofs ***

*** Pre-Marxist communism, Proto-communism ***

** Christian socialism ***

**** Levellers ** Evangelical left ** Liberal Christianity ** Liberation theology ** Progressive Christianity ** Social Gospel * Christian pacifism * Christian right ** Christian fundamentalism *** Traditionalist Catholicism ** Christian libertarianism *** Libertarian Christianity ** Christian nationalism *** Christian Zionism *** Christofascism **** Clerical fascism ***Clerico-nationalism *** National Catholicism ** Christian reconstructionism *** Dominionism ** Theoconservatism *

** Social credit, Social credit movement * Integralism **Integral humanism (Maritain), Integral humanism **Integrism (Spain), Integrism **Integral nationalism ***Brazilian Integralism, Brazilian ***Action Française, French ****Maurrassisme ***Integralismo Lusitano, Lusitanian * Jesuism * Political Catholicism ** Catholic Worker Movement ** Ultramontanism *** Neo-ultramontanism * The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States, Political Mormonism ** DezNat, Deseret Nationalism ** Mormon feminism ** Mormon fundamentalism ** Theodemocracy

Political Confucianism

* Neo-Confucianism * New Confucianism

Political Hinduism

* Gandhism ** Gandhian socialism ** Hindu-Muslim unity * Feminism in India, Hindu feminism * Hindu nationalism ** Akhand Bharat ** Hindu revolution **

** Integral humanism (India), Integral humanism * Hindu reform movements, Hindu revivalism

Political indigenous religions

* Kaitiaki, Maori environmentalism

Political Islam

* Gülen movement * Hindu-Muslim unity * Islamic anarchism * Islam and antisemitism, Islamic antisemitism * Islamic democracy * Hima (environmental protection), Islamic environmentalism * Egalitarianism#Islam, Islamic egalitarianism * Islamic feminism * Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Islamic liberalism * Islamic modernism * Islamic monarchy, Islamic monarchism * Pacifism in Islam, Islamic pacifism * Islamic republicanism ** Qutbism ** Khomeinism * Islamic socialism * Islamic Zionism *

** Islamic fundamentalism *** Islamofascism, Islamic fascism *** Jihadism *** Worldwide caliphate ** Post-Islamism * Muslim nationalism in South Asia ** Khilafat movement * Pan-Islamism

Political Judaism

* Cultural Zionism * Jewish anarchism * Jewish Autonomism * Jewish and democratic state, Jewish democracy * Egalitarianism#Judaism, Jewish egalitarianism * Jewish environmentalism * Jewish feminism ** Orthodox Jewish feminism * Jewish fundamentalism * Jewish humanism ** Homaranismo * Jewish left ** Bundism * Jewish secularism * Kibbutzim ** Kibbutz movement ** Religious Kibbutz Movement * Zionism ** Halachic state ** Religious Zionism

Political Neopaganism

* Goddess movement, Neopagan feminism ** Reclaiming (Neopaganism), Reclaiming * Religious nationalism#Nationalism in modern paganism, Romantic nationalism ** Heathen Front#Ideology, Odalism * Slavic Native Faith's identity and political philosophy, Slavic Native Faith ** Praskozorje#Ideology, Praskozorje ** Peterburgian Vedism ** Ynglism ** Zadrugism

Political Shinto

* State Shinto ** Statism in Shōwa Japan, Showa Statism

Political Sikhism

* Khalistan movement * Sikh feminism

Political Taoism

* Huang–Lao * Way of the Five Pecks of Rice * Way of the Taiping

Political Zoroastrianism

* Mazdakism

Satirical and anti-politics

General

* Abstentionism * 2022 Ottawa municipal election#Mayoral candidates#Registered candidates#Gregory "Jreg" Guevara, Anti-Centrism * Apoliticism

Other

* Dark Enlightenment * Populism * Anti-politics

Religious variants

* Political quietism

Regional variants

* List of frivolous political parties#Australia, Australia * Beer Lovers Party (Belarus), Belarus * NEE, Belgium * List of frivolous political parties#Canada, Canada * The Party of Moderate Progress Within the Bounds of the Law, Czechoslovakia * Friends of Beer Party, Czech Republic * Union of Conscientiously Work-Shy Elements, Denmark * Independent Royalist Party of Estonia, Estonia * Funny Party, Faroe Island * List of frivolous political parties#Germany, Germany * Hungarian Two-tailed Dog Party, Hungary * Best Party, Iceland * Party of Donkeys, Iran * List of frivolous political parties#Italy, Italy * List of frivolous political parties#Japan, Japan * List of frivolous political parties#Malta, Malta * List of frivolous political parties#New Zealand, New Zealand * List of frivolous political parties#Netherlands, Netherlands * List of frivolous political parties#Norway, Norway * List of frivolous political parties#Poland, Poland * Party of Free Change, Romania * Sarmu probo nisi, Serbia * List of frivolous political parties#Spain, Spain * Donald Duck Party, Sweden * List of frivolous political parties#United Kingdom, United Kingdom * List of frivolous political parties#United States, United States

Social democracy

; Political internationals * Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century) * Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy) * Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy) * Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)

General

* Labourism * Social democracy#Development, Marxism ** Democratic socialism#Overlap with social democracy, Democratic socialism ** Marxist revisionism *** Bernsteinism *** Eurocommunism **

** Revolutionary socialism *

** Economic progressivism ** Social progressivism * Reformism ** Reformist socialism *** Ethical socialism *** Fabianism *** Gradualism#Politics and society, Gradualism *** Impossibilism, Immediatism *** Lassallism *** Liberal socialism *** Possibilism (politics), Possibilism ***

Other

* Democratic socialism * Social corporatism, Social democratic corporatism ** Nordic model * Social populism, Social democratic populism * Shachtmanism#Social democratic Shachtmanism, Social democratic Shachtmanism * Democratic transhumanism, Social democratic transhumanism * Welfare spending, Social democratic welfarism *

Opposition

* Criticism of welfare, Anti-welfarism * Lemon socialism * Social fascism

Regional variants

African

* Nasserism, Egypt * Nkrumaism, Ghana * Guinean People's Assembly, Guinea * Harambee, Kenya * Ujamaa, Tanzania * Socialism in Tunisia, Tunisia

American

* African-Caribbean leftism, Caribbean * Socialism of the 21st century, Latin America ** Socialist Party (Argentina), Argentina ** Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), Bolivia ** History of the socialist movement in Brazil, Brazil ** Socialist Party of Chile, Chile ** Patriotic Union (Colombia), Colombia ** Figuerism, Costa Rica ** PAIS Alliance, Ecuador ** National Regeneration Movement, Mexico ** Sandinista National Liberation Front, Nicaragua ** Guasú Front, Paraguay ** Puerto Rican Independence Party, Puerto Rico ** Broad Front (Uruguay), Uruguay ** For Social Democracy, Venezuela * Socialism#North America, North America ** New Democratic Party, Canada

Asian

* Awami League, Bangladesh * Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang, China * Socialism in Hong Kong, Hong Kong * Indian National Congress, India * Socialism in Iran, Iran * Israeli Labor Party, Israel * Social Democratic Party (Japan), Japan * Progressivism in South Korea, Korea * Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party, Kurdistan * National League for Democracy, Myanmar * Socialism in Pakistan, Pakistan * Akbayan, Philippines *

European

* Social Democracy and Progress, Andorra * Bulgarian Socialist Party, Bulgaria * Movement for Social Democracy, Cyprus * Social Democrats (Denmark), Denmark * Social Democratic Party of Finland, Finland * Socialist Party (France), France * Social Democratic Party of Germany, Germany * Syriza, Greece * Social Democratic Alliance, Iceland * Social Democrats (Ireland), Ireland * Italian Left, Italy * Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova, Moldova * Labour Party (Netherlands), Netherlands * Labour Party (Norway), Norway * Social Democracy of Poland, Poland * Socialist Party (Portugal), Portugal * Social Democratic Party (Romania), Romania * A Just Russia, Russia * Direction – Social Democracy, Slovakia * Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Spain * Swedish Social Democratic Party, Sweden * History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Labour Party (UK), England *** New Labourism **** Blairism ***** Blatcherism **** Brownism **** Gaitskellism ***** Butskellism ***** Labour revisionism ****** Anthony Giddens, Third Way ** Social Democratic and Labour Party, Northern Ireland ** Scottish Labour Party, Scotland ** Welsh Labour, Wales

Oceanian

* Australian Labor Party, Australia * National United Party (Vanuatu), Melanesia * New Zealand Labour Party, New Zealand

Socialism

; Political internationals * African Socialist International (African socialism, Pan-Africanism) * Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism and socialism of the 21st century) * Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy) * Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy) * World Socialist Movement ( anti-Leninism, classical Marxism,

and international socialism)

General

* Democratic socialism ** Menshevism * Reformist socialism ** Fabianism ** Gradualism#Politics and society, Gradualism ** Lassallism ** Impossibilism, Immediatism ** Marxist revisionism *** Bernsteinism *** Eurocommunism *** Social democracy *** Sorelianism ** Possibilism (politics), Possibilism * Revolutionary socialism **

** Neo-Babouvism

Authoritarian

* Barracks socialism ** Nechayevshchina * Blanquism *

** Democratic centralism **

*** Brezhnevism **** Real socialism ***

*** Ceaușism *** Dubčekism *** Gorbachevism *** Guevarism **** Focalism *** Ho Chi Minh Thought ***

*** Husakism ***

**** Kimilsungism **** Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism *** Kadarism *** Khrushchevism ****

*** Maoism **** Maoism–Third Worldism ***** Third Worldism ***** Third World socialism **** Mao-Spontex **** Marxism–Leninism–Maoism ***** Gonzalo Thought *****

**** Pol Potism ****

***** Deng Xiaoping Theory ***** Mao Zedong Thought ***** Scientific Outlook on Development *****

***** Three Represents ***** Xi Jinping Thought *** Marxist–Leninist atheism *** Scientific communism, Scientific socialism ***

**** Anti-revisionism **** Neo-Stalinism **** Socialism in One Country ***** National communism *****

****** Soviet socialist patriotism **** Soviet anti-Zionism ***

**** Đilasism **** Rankovićism **** Socialist nationalism **

*** Unorthodox Trotskyism **** Pabloism **** Posadism **** Third camp Trotskyism *** Orthodox Trotskyism ** Vanguardism ** War communism, War socialism * Nechayevism * Tkachevism

Libertarian

* Anarchism ** Anarcho-communism, Anarcho-Socialism ** Libertarian socialism, Libertarian Socialism * Communard movement * Communalism **

** Libertarian municipalism ** Social ecology * Left-libertarianism ** Economic democracy *** Councilism, Council democracy *** Inclusive democracy *** Industrial democracy *** Soviet democracy *** Workers' self-management *** Workplace democracy ** Free-market anarchism *** Left-wing market anarchism#Precedents, Free-market socialism **** Laissez-faire socialism **** Mutualism **** Mutualism (economic theory)#Mutualism today, Neo-mutualism **** Pierre-Joseph Proudhon#Philosophy, Proudhonian socialism **** Lysander Spooner#Political views, Spoonerian socialism **** Benjamin Tucker#Political views, Tuckerite socialism ** Individualist anarchism ** Libertarian possibilism ** Parecon ** Parpolity ** Social anarchism ** Left-libertarianism#Steiner–Vallentyne school, Steiner–Vallentyne school *

** Classical Marxism ***

****

***** World Socialist Movement **** Kautskyism ** Libertarian Marxism ***

**** Workerism ***

**** Bordigism ****

****

***** Spartacism **** Luxemburgism **** Situationism **** Socialisme ou Barbarie ****

**** Spontaneism **** Ultra-leftism *** Mao-Spontex *** Marxism–De Leonism *** Unorthodox Trotskyism **** Chaulieu–Montal tendency **** Johnson–Forest tendency **** Third camp ***** Shachtmanism ****** Left Shachtmanism *** Open Marxism **

*** Austro-Marxism *** Demetris Christofias, Christofiasism ***

*** Freudo-Marxism *** Hegelian Marxism *** Marxist humanism **** Budapest School **** Praxis School *** Neo-Marxism **** Analytical Marxism **** Conflict theories *****

***** Social conflict theory ***** World-systems theory **** Freudo–Marxism **** Gramscianism ***** Neo-Gramscianism **** Instrumental Marxism ****

**** Political Marxism **** Structural Marxism *** Post-Marxism ****

***** Abahlali baseMjondolo ***** Landless Workers' Movement ***** Piqueteros ***** Zapatistas * Syndicalism ** De Leonism ** Revolutionary syndicalism ** Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics, Wobblyism * Third camp socialism

Other

* Agrarian socialism * African socialism ** Harambee ** Nkrumaism ** Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senghorism ** Ubuntuism ** Ujamaa * Arab socialism ** Ba'athism ** Nasserism ** Third International Theory * Centrist Marxism * Communitarianism * Copyleft * Eco-socialism * Economic egalitarianism * Economic progressivism * Ethical socialism * Guild socialism * International socialism * Kibbutz movement * Labourism * Liberal socialism * Market socialism ** Lange model, Langian socialism ** John Stuart Mill#Economic philosophy, Millian socialism ** Ricardian socialism ** Smithian socialism ** Veblenian, Veblenian socialism * Marxist democracy * Millennial socialism * Municipal socialism * Socialism and LGBT rights, Queer socialism * Proto-socialism ** Chartism, Chartists ** Communards **

** Jacobins ** Levellers ** Radicals (UK), Radicals * Radicalism * Scientific socialism * Social egalitarianism * Social democracy * Socialism of the 21st century * Socialist feminism ** Marxist feminism * Socialist nationalism * Socialist populism *

** Fourierism ** Icarians ** Owenism ** Saint-Simonianism * World communism, World socialism

Opposition

* Criticism of socialism, Anti-socialism

Religious variants

* Buddhist socialism * Christian socialism **

** Christian communism ** Levellers ** Liberation theology ** Proto-socialism ** Social Gospel * Islamic socialism ** Islamic Marxism * Jewish socialism ** Bundism ** Kibbutzim * Mazdakism

Regional variants

African

* People's Republic of Angola, Angola * People's Republic of Benin, Benin * People's Republic of the Congo, Congo * United Arab Republic, Egypt * Derg, Eritrea * Derg, Ethiopia * Nkrumaism, Ghana * Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinea * Harambee, Kenya ** Kenya People's Union * Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libya ** Third International Theory * Democratic Republic of Madagascar, Madagascar * Modibo Keïta, Mali * People's Republic of Mozambique, Mozambique * Senegalese Socialist Party, Senegal * Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia * African National Congress, South Africa ** Abahlali baseMjondolo **

* Ujamaa, Tanzania * Socialism in Tunisia, Tunisia * People's Republic of Zanzibar, Zanzibar

American

* African-Caribbean leftism, Caribbean ** People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada), Granada * Socialism of the 21st century, Latin America ** Socialist Party (Argentina), Argentina ** Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), Bolivia *** Fejuve ** History of the socialist movement in Brazil, Brazil *** Landless Workers' Movement *** Lulism ** Socialist Party of Chile, Chile ** Patriotic Union (Colombia), Colombia ** Broad Front (Costa Rica), Costa Rica *** Figuerism ** PAIS Alliance, Ecuador ** Mexican Revolution, Mexico *** Magonism *** Zapatismo, Zapatism **** Neozapatismo, Neo-Zapatism ***** Zapatistas ** Sandinista National Liberation Front, Nicaragua *** Sandinismo ** Guasú Front, Paraguay ** Broad Front (Uruguay), Uruguay ** United Socialist Party of Venezuela, Venezuela * Socialism#North America, North America ** Socialism in Canada, Canada ** History of the socialist movement in the United States, United States *** African-American leftism *** American Left *** Sewer socialism

Asian

* Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan * Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenia * Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan * Socialism in Bangladesh, Bangladesh * Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Bukharan *

** Salvation Front * Socialism with Chinese characteristics, China ** Chinese Soviet Republic ** Socialism in Hong Kong, Hong Kong ** Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang, Kuomintang *** Tridemism ****Dai Jitao Thought * Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgia * Socialism in India, India ** Gandhian socialism ** Jawaharlal Nehru, Nehruism * Marhaenism, Indonesia * Socialism in Iran, Iran * Labor Zionism, Israel * Social Democratic Party (Japan), Japan * Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazakhstan * Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kyrgyzstan *

** Progressivism in South Korea, South Korea * Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Laos * Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolia * Burmese Way to Socialism, Myanmar * Nepali Congress, Nepal * Socialism in Pakistan, Pakistan * Democratic Alliance List, Palestine * Pakistan Peoples Party, Pakistan * Akbayan, Philippines *

* Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Tajikistan * Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey), Turkey * Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Turkmenistan * Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbekistan * Socialist-oriented market economy, Vietnam **

* Democratic Republic of Yemen, Yemen

European

* People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Albania * Social Democracy and Progress, Andorra * Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia, and Herzegovina * People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria * Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelarus * Socialist Republic of Croatia, Croatia * Movement for Social Democracy, Cyprus * Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia * Popular socialism, Denmark * Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonia ** Commune of the Working People of Estonia * Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, Finland ** Left Alliance (Finland), Left Alliance * French Left, France ** Jacobin (politics)#France, Jacobinism * History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Germany ** East Germany * Syriza, Greece * Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary * Social Democratic Alliance, Iceland * Socialism#Ireland, Ireland * Italian Socialist Party, Italy * Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Latvia * Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuania * Socialist Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia * Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldova * Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Montenegro * Socialism in the Netherlands, Netherlands * Labour Party (Norway), Norway * Polish People's Republic, Poland * Socialist Party (Portugal), Portugal * Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania ** National Communism in Romania, Socialist nationalism * Social Democratic Party (Romania), Social Democratic Party * Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russia ** Narodniks ** Mensheviks **

*** Centre **** Kamenevism ****

**** Zinovievism *** Left Opposition ****

***

**** Recallists **** Ultimatists *** Right Opposition **** Nikolai Bukharin, Bukharinism **** Noginism **** Rykovism **** Tomskyism ** Soviet democracy * Socialist Republic of Serbia, Serbia * Socialist Republic of Slovenia, Slovenia * Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Spain * Left Party (Sweden), Sweden * Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukraine ** Makhnovism * History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom ** Labour Party (UK), England *** Old Labourism **** Bennism **** Bevanism **** Corbynism ** New Left#Britain, New Left **

* Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia

Oceanian

* Socialism in Australia, Australia * Melanesian socialism, Melanesia * Socialism in New Zealand, New Zealand

Syndicalism

; Political internationals * International Confederation of Labor (

and revolutionary syndicalism) * International Workers' Association (

)

General

* Co-operatism * De Leonism * Revolutionary syndicalism * Sorelianism * Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics, Wobblyism

Other

* Democratic socialism * Guild socialism *

* National syndicalism ** National syndicalism#France, France ** National syndicalism#Italy, Italy ** National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula, Portugal ** National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula, Spain * Social anarchism * Social democracy *

Opposition

* Anti-unionism

Regional variants

* Argentine Regional Workers' Federation, Argentina * Brazilian Workers Confederation, Brazil * Confédération nationale du travail, France * Free Workers' Union of Germany, Germany * Unione Sindacale Italiana, Italy * National Labor Secretariat, Netherlands * Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund, Norway * Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists, Russia * Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Spain * Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden, Sweden * Solidarity Federation, United Kingdom * Industrial Workers of the World, United States

Transhumanism

; Political internationals * Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)

General

* Anarcho-transhumanism * Democratic transhumanism * Libertarian transhumanism

Other

* Anti-aging movement * Extropianism * Immortalism * Post-genderism * Post-politicism * Singularitarianism * Technogaianism * Technological utopianism * Techno-progressivism

Regional variants

* Transhumanist Party, United States

References

{{political ideologies Political ideologies, *list