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This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in South America. South America's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers", African immigrants and recent North American immigrants. The marsupials and xenarthrans are "old-timers", their ancestors having been present on the continent since at least the very early Cenozoic Era. During the early Cenozoic, South America's only land connection was to Antarctica, so it was effectively cut off from most of the world; as the fragments of Gondwana continued to Plate tectonics, separate, this connection was lost, leaving South America an island continent. Caviomorpha, Caviomorph rodents and New World monkey, monkeys arrived as "waif dispersers" by Oceanic dispersal, rafting across the Atlantic from Africa in the Eocene epoch, 35 million or more years ago. All the remaining nonflying mammals of South America are recent arrivals, having migrated from North America via Central America during the past seven million years as part of the Great American Interchange; this invasion, which peaked around three million years ago, was made possible when the formation of the volcanic Isthmus of Panama bridged North and South America. The newcomers out-competed and drove to extinction many mammals that had evolved during South America's long period of isolation, as well as some species from other classes.
South America suffered another major loss of mammal species in the Quaternary extinction event, which started around 12,500 Before Present#Radiocarbon calibration, cal BP, at roughly the time of arrival of Paleoindians, and may have lasted up to several thousand years. At least 37 genera of mammals were eliminated, including most of the Pleistocene megafauna, megafauna. While South America currently has no megaherbivore species weighing more than 1000 kg, prior to this event it had a menagerie of about 25 of them (consisting of gomphotheres, camelids, ground sloths, glyptodonts, and Toxodontidae, toxodontids – 75% of these being "old-timers"), dwarfing Africa's present and recent total of 6.
Global warming, Anthropogenic climate change and the damage to its ecosystems resulting from the rapid recent growth of the human population pose a Holocene extinction event, further threat to South America's biodiversity.
The list consists of those extant species found in the nations or Overseas department, overseas territories of continental South America (including their island possessions, such as the Galápagos Islands, Galápagos), as well as in Trinidad and Tobago and the Falkland Islands; Panama is not included. As of May 2012, the list contains 1,331 species, 340 genera, 62 families and 15 orders. Of the taxa from nonflying, nonmarine groups (992 species, 230 genera, 40 families and 12 orders), "old-timers" comprise 14% of species, 15% of genera, 20% of families and 42% of orders; African immigrants make up 38% of species, 30% of genera, 40% of families and 17% of orders; North American invaders constitute 49% of species 55% of genera, 40% of families and 50% of orders. At the order level, the "old-timers" are overrepresented because of their ancient local origins, while the African immigrants are underrepresented because of their "sweepstakes" mode of dispersal.
Of the species, 29 are critically endangered, 64 are endangered, 111 are vulnerable, 64 are near threatened, and 255 are data deficient. 32 mammal species presumed extinct since the beginning of the Holocene are included. List of domesticated animals, Domestic species (e.g., the guinea pig, alpaca, and llama) and introduced species are not listed.
Note: This list is inevitably incomplete, since new species are continually being recognized via discovery or reclassification. Places to check for missing species include the list of mammals described in the 2000s, and the species listings in the articles for mammalian genera, especially those of small mammals such as rodents or bats.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:
The IUCN status of all listed species except bats was last updated between March and June 2009; bats were updated in September 2009.
There are six extant taxon, extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.
*Family: Caenolestidae
**Genus: ''Caenolestes''
*** Gray-bellied caenolestid, ''Caenolestes caniventer'' NT
*** Andean caenolestid, ''Caenolestes condorensis'' VU
*** Northern caenolestid, ''Caenolestes convelatus'' VU
*** Dusky caenolestid, ''Caenolestes fuliginosus'' LC
*** Eastern caenolestid, ''Caenolestes sangay'' VU
**Genus: ''Lestoros''
*** Incan caenolestid, ''Lestoros inca'' LC
**Genus: ''Rhyncholestes''
*** Long-nosed caenolestid, ''Rhyncholestes raphanurus'' NT
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. They evolved about 50 million years ago, and their closest living relatives are elephants. The manatees are the only extant afrotherians in the Americas. However, a number Proboscidea, proboscid species, some of which survived until the arrival of Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians, once inhabited the region. Those that reached South America have usually been classified as gomphotheres, but sometimes instead as Elephantidae, elephantids.
*Family: Trichechidae
**Genus: ''Trichechus''
*** Amazonian manatee, ''T. inunguis''
*** West Indian manatee, ''T. manatus''
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. All 21 extant species are found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the Pampatheriidae, pampatheres and Glyptodontidae, glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.
*Family: Dasypodidae (long-nosed armadillos)
**Subfamily: Dasypodinae
***Genus: ''Dasypus''
**** Southern long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus hybridus'' NT
**** Greater long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus kappleri'' LC
**** Nine-banded armadillo, ''Dasypus novemcinctus'' LC
**** Hairy long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus pilosus'' VU
**** Llanos long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus sabanicola'' LC
**** Seven-banded armadillo, ''Dasypus septemcinctus'' LC
**** Yepes's mulita, ''Dasypus yepesi'' DD
*Family: Chlamyphoridae (armadillos)
**Subfamily Chlamyphorinae
***Genus: ''Calyptophractus''
**** Greater fairy armadillo, ''Calyptophractus retusus'' DD
***Genus: ''Chlamyphorus''
**** Pink fairy armadillo, ''Chlamyphorus truncatus'' DD
**Subfamily: Euphractinae
***Genus: ''Chaetophractus''
**** Andean hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus nationi'' VU
**** Screaming hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus vellerosus'' LC
**** Big hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus villosus'' LC
***Genus: ''Euphractus''
**** Six-banded armadillo, ''Euphractus sexcinctus'' LC
***Genus: ''Zaedyus''
**** Pichi, ''Zaedyus pichiy'' NT
**Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
***Genus: ''Cabassous''
**** Northern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous centralis'' DD
**** Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous chacoensis'' NT
**** Greater naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous tatouay'' LC
**** Southern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous unicinctus'' LC
***Genus: ''Priodontes''
**** Giant armadillo, ''Priodontes maximus'' VU
***Genus: ''Tolypeutes''
**** Southern three-banded armadillo, ''Tolypeutes matacus'' NT
**** Brazilian three-banded armadillo, ''Tolypeutes tricinctus'' VU
The order Primates includes the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided into four main groupings: Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, tarsiers, New World monkey, monkeys of the New World (Order (biology), parvorder Platyrrhini), and Catarrhini, monkeys and apes of the Old World. South America's 20 genera of nonhuman primates compares with List of mammals of Central America#Order: Primates, 6 in Central America, List of mammals of Madagascar#Order: Primates, 15 in Madagascar, List of placental mammals in Order Primates, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. All South American monkeys are believed to be descended from ancestors that Oceanic dispersal, rafted over from Africa about 25 million years ago in a single dispersal event.
*Suborder: Haplorrhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
***Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
****Family: Aotidae (night monkeys)
*****Genus: ''Night monkey, Aotus''
****** Azara's night monkey, ''Aotus azarae'' LC
****** Brumback's night monkey, ''Aotus brumbacki'' VU
****** Gray-handed night monkey, ''Aotus griseimembra'' VU
****** Hernández-Camacho's night monkey, ''Aotus jorgehernandezi'' DD
****** Gray-bellied night monkey, ''Aotus lemurinus'' VU
****** Peruvian night monkey, ''Aotus miconax'' VU
****** Nancy Ma's night monkey, ''Aotus nancymaae'' LC
****** Black-headed night monkey, ''Aotus nigriceps'' LC
****** Three-striped night monkey, ''Aotus trivirgatus'' LC
****** Spix's night monkey, ''Aotus vociferans'' LC
****** Panamanian night monkey, ''Aotus zonalis'' DD
****Family: Callitrichidae
*****Genus: ''Callibella''
****** Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, ''Callibella humilis'' VU
*****Genus: ''Cebuella''
****** Pygmy marmoset, ''Cebuella pygmaea'' LC
*****Genus: ''Callithrix''
****** Buffy-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix aurita'' VU
****** Buffy-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix flaviceps'' EN
****** White-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix geoffroyi'' LC
****** Common marmoset, ''Callithrix jacchus'' LC
****** Wied's marmoset, ''Callithrix kuhlii'' NT
****** Black-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix penicillata'' LC
*****Genus: ''Mico (genus), Mico''
****** Rio Acari marmoset, ''Mico acariensis'' DD
****** Silvery marmoset, ''Mico argentatus'' LC
****** Gold-and-white marmoset, ''Mico chrysoleucus'' DD
****** Emilia's marmoset, ''Mico emiliae'' DD
****** Santarem marmoset, ''Mico humeralifer'' DD
****** Hershkovitz's marmoset, ''Mico intermedius'' LC
****** White marmoset, ''Mico leucippe'' VU
****** Manicore marmoset, ''Mico manicorensis'' LC
****** Marca's marmoset, ''Mico marcai'' DD
****** Maués marmoset, ''Mico mauesi'' LC
****** Black-tailed marmoset, ''Mico melanurus'' LC
****** Black-headed marmoset, ''Mico nigriceps'' DD
****** Rondon's marmoset, ''Mico rondoni'' VU
****** Satéré marmoset, ''Mico saterei'' LC
*****Genus: ''Callimico''
****** Goeldi's marmoset, ''Callimico goeldii'' VU
*****Genus: ''Leontopithecus''
****** Superagui lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus caissara'' CR
****** Golden-headed lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus chrysomelas'' EN
****** Black lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus chrysopygus'' EN
****** Golden lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus rosalia'' EN
*****Genus: ''Saguinus''
****** Pied tamarin, ''Saguinus bicolor'' EN
****** Brown-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus fuscicollis'' LC
****** Geoffroy's tamarin, ''Saguinus geoffroyi'' LC
****** Graells's tamarin, ''Saguinus graellsi'' NT
****** Emperor tamarin, ''Saguinus imperator'' LC
****** Mottle-faced tamarin, ''Saguinus inustus'' LC
****** White-lipped tamarin, ''Saguinus labiatus'' LC
****** White-footed tamarin, ''Saguinus leucopus'' EN
****** Martins's tamarin, ''Saguinus martinsi'' LC
****** White-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus melanoleucus'' LC
****** Red-handed tamarin, ''Saguinus midas'' LC
****** Moustached tamarin, ''Saguinus mystax'' LC
****** Black tamarin, ''Saguinus niger'' VU
****** Black-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus nigricollis'' LC
****** Cottontop tamarin, ''Saguinus oedipus'' CR
****** Red-capped tamarin, ''Saguinus pileatus'' LC
****** Golden-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus tripartitus'' NT
****Family: Cebidae
*****Subfamily: Cebinae
******Genus: ''Cebus''
******* Ecuadorian capuchin, ''Cebus aequatorialis'' CR
******* White-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus albifrons'' LC
******* Brown weeper capuchin, ''Cebus brunneus'' LC
******* Colombian white-headed capuchin, ''Cebus capucinus'' LC
******* Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus cesarae'' DD
******* Shock-headed capuchin, ''Cebus cuscinus'' NT
******* Kaapori capuchin, ''Cebus kaapori'' CR
******* Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus leucocephalus'' NE
******* Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus malitiosus'' EN
******* Wedge-capped capuchin, ''Cebus olivaceus'' LC
******* Spix's white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus unicolor'' NE
******* Varied white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus versicolor'' EN
******* Marañón white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus yuracus'' NE
******Genus: ''Sapajus''
******* Tufted capuchin, ''Sapajus apella'' LC
******* Azaras's capuchin, ''Sapajus cay'' LC
******* Blond capuchin, ''Sapajus flavius'' CR
******* Black-striped capuchin, ''Sapajus libidinosus'' LC
******* Large-headed capuchin, ''Sapajus macrocephalus'' LC
******* Black capuchin, ''Sapajus nigritus'' NT
******* Crested capuchin, ''Sapajus robustus'' EN
******* Golden-bellied capuchin, ''Sapajus xanthosternos'' CR
*****Subfamily: Saimiriinae
******Genus: ''Saimiri''
******* Black-capped squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri boliviensis'' LC
******* Humboldt's squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri cassiquiarensis''
******* Collins' squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri collinsii''
******* Guianan squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri sciureus'' LC
******* Bare-eared squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri ustus'' NT
******* Black squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri vanzolinii'' VU
****Family: Atelidae
*****Subfamily: Alouattinae
******Genus: ''Alouatta''
******* Ursine howler, ''Alouatta arctoidea'' LC
******* Red-handed howler, ''Alouatta belzebul'' VU
******* Black howler, ''Alouatta caraya'' LC
******* Spix's red-handed howler, ''Alouatta discolor'' VU
******* Brown howler, ''Alouatta guariba'' LC
******* Juruá red howler, ''Alouatta juara'' LC
******* Guyanan red howler, ''Alouatta macconnelli'' LC
******* Amazon black howler, ''Alouatta nigerrima'' LC
******* Mantled howler, ''Alouatta palliata'' LC
******* Purus red howler, ''Alouatta puruensis'' LC
******* Bolivian red howler, ''Alouatta sara'' LC
******* Venezuelan red howler, ''Alouatta seniculus'' LC
******* Maranhão red-handed howler, ''Alouatta ululata'' EN
*****Subfamily: Atelinae
******Genus: ''Ateles''
******* White-fronted spider monkey, ''Ateles belzebuth'' EN
******* Peruvian spider monkey, ''Ateles chamek'' EN
******* Black-headed spider monkey, ''Ateles fusciceps'' CR
******* Geoffroy's spider monkey, ''Ateles geoffroyi'' EN
******* Brown spider monkey, ''Ateles hybridus'' CR
******* White-cheeked spider monkey, ''Ateles marginatus'' EN
******* Red-faced spider monkey, ''Ateles paniscus'' VU
******Genus: ''Brachyteles''
******* Southern muriqui, ''Brachyteles arachnoides'' EN
******* Northern muriqui, ''Brachyteles hypoxanthus'' CR
******Genus: ''Lagothrix''
******* Gray woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix cana'' EN
******* Brown woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix lagothricha'' VU
******* Colombian woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix lugens'' CR
******* Silvery woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix poeppigii'' VU
******Genus: ''Oreonax''
******* Yellow-tailed woolly monkey, ''Oreonax flavicauda'' CR
****Family: Pitheciidae
*****Subfamily: Callicebinae
******Genus: ''Cheracebus''
******* Lucifer titi, ''Cheracebus lucifer'' LC
******* Black titi, ''Cheracebus lugens'' LC
******* Colombian black-handed titi, ''Cheracebus medemi'' VU
******* Rio Purus titi, ''Cheracebus purinus'' LC
******* Red-headed titi, ''Cheracebus regulus'' LC
******* Collared titi, ''Cheracebus torquatus'' LC
******Genus: ''Callicebus''
******* Barbara Brown's titi, ''Plecturocebus barbarabrownae'' CR
******* Coimbra Filho's titi, ''Callicebus coimbrai'' EN
******* Coastal black-handed titi, ''Callicebus melanochir'' VU
******* Black-fronted titi, ''Callicebus nigrifrons'' NT
******* Atlantic titi, ''Callicebus personatus'' VU
******Genus: ''Plecturocebus''
******* Madidi titi, ''Plecturocebus aureipalatii'' LC
******* Baptista Lake titi, ''Plecturocebus baptista'' LC
******* Prince Bernhard's titi, ''Plecturocebus bernhardi'' LC
******* Brown titi, ''Plecturocebus brunneus'' LC
******* Chestnut-bellied titi, ''Plecturocebus caligatus'' LC
******* Caquetá titi, ''Plecturocebus caquetensis'' CR
******* Ashy black titi, ''Plecturocebus cinerascens'' LC
******* Coppery titi, ''Plecturocebus cupreus'' LC
******* White-tailed titi, ''Plecturocebus discolor'' LC
******* White-eared titi, ''Plecturocebus donacophilus'' LC
******* Hershkovitz's titi, ''Plecturocebus dubius'' LC
******* Alta Floresta titi, ''Plecturocebus groves''
******* Hoffmanns's titi, ''Plecturocebus hoffmannsi'' LC
******* Milton's titi, ''Plecturocebus miltoni'' NE
******* Rio Beni titi, ''Plecturocebus modestus'' EN
******* Red-bellied titi, ''Plecturocebus moloch'' LC
******* Rio Mayo titi, ''Plecturocebus oenanthe'' EN
******* Ollala brothers' titi, ''Plecturocebus olallae'' EN
******* Ornate titi, ''Plecturocebus ornatus'' VU
******* White-coated titi, ''Plecturocebus pallescens'' LC
******* Stephen Nash's titi, ''Plecturocebus stephennashi'' DD
******* Urubamba brown titi, ''Plecturocebus urubambensis'' NE
******* Vieira's titi, ''Plecturocebus vieirai'' NE
*****Subfamily: Pitheciinae
******Genus: ''Pithecia''
******* Equatorial saki, ''Pithecia aequatorialis'' LC
******* White-footed saki, ''Pithecia albicans'' VU
******* Cazuza's saki, ''Pithecia cazuzai'' NE
******* Golden-faced saki, ''Pithecia chrysocephala'' LC
******* Hairy saki, ''Pithecia hirsuta'' NE
******* Burnished saki, ''Pithecia inusta'' NE
******* Rio Tapajós saki, ''Pithecia irrorata'' NE
******* Isabel's saki, ''Pithecia isabela'' NE
******* Monk saki, ''Pithecia monachus'' NE
******* Miller's saki, ''Pithecia milleri'' DD
******* Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, ''Pithecia mittermeieri'' NE
******* Napo saki, ''Pithecia napensis'' DD
******* White-faced saki, ''Pithecia pithecia'' LC
******* Pissinatti’s bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia pissinattii'' NE
******* Rylands' bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia rylandsi'' NE
******* Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia vanzolinii'' DD
******Genus: ''Chiropotes''
******* White-nosed saki, ''Chiropotes albinasus'' EN
******* Red-backed bearded saki, ''Chiropotes chiropotes'' LC
******* Brown-backed bearded saki, ''Chiropotes israelita''
******* Black bearded saki, ''Chiropotes satanas'' CR
******* Uta Hick's bearded saki, ''Chiropotes utahicki'' EN
******Genus: ''Cacajao''
******* Aracá uakari, ''Cacajao ayresii'' VU
******* Bald uakari, ''Cacajao calvus'' VU
******* Neblina uakari, ''Cacajao hosomi'' VU
******* Golden-backed uakari, ''Cacajao melanocephalus'' LC
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small, although the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb). South America's rodent fauna today is largely an outgrowth of two spectacularly fortunate ancient "sweepstakes" Biological dispersal, dispersal events, each of which was followed by explosive Speciation, diversification. Caviomorpha, Caviomorphs, the first rodents to reach the continent, are believed to have washed ashore after Oceanic dispersal, rafting across the Atlantic from Africa over 30 million years ago. More recently, ancestral Sigmodontinae, sigmodontine rodents apparently island hopping, island-hopped from Central America 5 million or more years ago, prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, Panamanian land bridge. These two groups now comprise 36% and 60%, respectively, of all South American rodent species. The corresponding figures are 10% and 27% List of mammals of Central America#Order: Rodentia (rodents), for Central America, 2% and 10% List of mammals of Mexico#Order: Rodentia (rodents), for Mexico, 0.5% and 3% List of mammals of North America#Rodents, for North America north of Mexico, and 72% and 27% for recent endemic List of rodents of the Caribbean, Caribbean rodents. Conversely, Sciuridae, sciurids make up 3% of rodents in South America, 8% in Central America, 15% in Mexico and 31% in North America north of Mexico, while Castorimorpha, castorimorphs are 1%, 16%, 26% and 28%, respectively. Sciurids are absent from South America's southern cone, while castorimorphs are only present in northwest South America (Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador). Illustrating the advantage of gaining a head start in colonizing a new land mass, sigmodontine rodents comprise 99.5% of all Cricetidae, cricetid rodents in South America, but only 42% in Central America, 17% in Mexico and 7% in North America north of Mexico.
*Suborder: Hystricomorpha
**Parvorder Caviomorpha
***Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
****Subfamily: Chaetomyinae
*****Genus: ''Chaetomys''
****** Bristle-spined rat, ''Chaetomys subspinosus'' VU
****Subfamily: Erethizontinae
*****Genus: ''Coendou''
****** Baturite porcupine, ''Coendou baturitensis''
****** Bicolored-spined porcupine, ''Coendou bicolor'' LC
****** Streaked dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou ichillus'' DD
****** Bahia porcupine, ''Coendou insidiosus'' LC
****** Black-tailed hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou melanurus'' LC
****** Black dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou nycthemera'' DD
****** Brazilian porcupine, ''Coendou prehensilis'' LC
****** Frosted hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou pruinosus'' LC
****** Andean porcupine, ''Coendou quichua'' DD
****** Roosmalen's dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou roosmalenorum'' DD
****** Rothschild's porcupine, ''Coendou rothschildi'' DD
****** Stump-tailed porcupine, ''Coendou rufescens'' LC
****** Santa Marta porcupine, ''Coendou sanctamartae'' DD
****** Dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou speratus'' EN
****** Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou spinosus'' LC
****** Brown hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou vestitus'' DD
***Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
****Genus: ''Chinchilla''
***** Short-tailed chinchilla, ''Chinchilla chinchilla'' CR
***** Long-tailed chinchilla, ''Chinchilla lanigera'' CR
****Genus: ''Lagidium''
***** ''Lagidium ahuacaense''
***** Northern viscacha, ''Lagidium peruanum'' LC
***** Southern viscacha, ''Lagidium viscacia'' LC
***** Wolffsohn's viscacha, ''Lagidium wolffsohni'' DD
****Genus: ''Lagostomus''
***** Plains viscacha, ''Lagostomus maximus'' LC
***Family: Dinomyidae (pacarana)
****Genus: ''Dinomys''
***** Pacarana, ''Dinomys branickii'' VU
***Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs and cavies)
****Subfamily: Caviinae
*****Genus: ''Cavia''
****** Brazilian guinea pig, ''Cavia aperea'' LC
****** Shiny guinea pig, ''Cavia fulgida'' LC
****** Santa Catarina's guinea pig, ''Cavia intermedia'' CR
****** Greater guinea pig, ''Cavia magna'' LC
****** Montane guinea pig, ''Cavia tschudii'' LC
*****Genus: ''Galea (genus), Galea''
****** Southern highland yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea comes'' DD
****** Brazilian yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea flavidens'' LC
****** Lowland yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea leucoblephara'' LC
****** Common yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea musteloides'' LC
******* Muenster yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea m. monasteriensis'' NE
****** Spix's yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea spixii'' LC
*****Genus: ''Microcavia''
****** Southern mountain cavy, ''Microcavia australis'' LC
****** Andean mountain cavy, ''Microcavia niata'' LC
****** Shipton's mountain cavy, ''Microcavia shiptoni'' NT
****Subfamily: Dolichotinae
*****Genus: ''Dolichotis''
****** Patagonian mara, ''Dolichotis patagonum'' NT
****** Chacoan mara, ''Dolichotis salinicola'' LC
****Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae (capybaras and rock cavies)
*****Genus: ''Hydrochoerus''
****** Capybara, ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'' LC
****** Lesser capybara, ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' DD
*****Genus: ''Kerodon''
****** Acrobatic cavy, ''Kerodon acrobata'' DD
****** Rock cavy, ''Kerodon rupestris'' LC
***Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and acouchis)
****Genus: ''Dasyprocta''
***** Azara's agouti, ''Dasyprocta azarae'' DD
***** Crested agouti, ''Dasyprocta cristata'' DD
***** Black agouti, ''Dasyprocta fuliginosa'' LC
***** Orinoco agouti, ''Dasyprocta guamara'' NT
***** Kalinowski's agouti, ''Dasyprocta kalinowskii'' DD
***** Red-rumped agouti, ''Dasyprocta leporina'' LC
***** Black-rumped agouti, ''Dasyprocta prymnolopha'' LC
***** Central American agouti, ''Dasyprocta punctata'' LC
****Genus: ''Myoprocta''
***** Red acouchi, ''Myoprocta acouchy'' LC
***** Green acouchi, ''Myoprocta pratti'' LC
***Family: Paca, Cuniculidae
****Genus: ''Paca, Cuniculus''
***** ''Cuniculus hernandezi''
***** Lowland paca, ''Cuniculus paca'' LC
***** Mountain paca, ''Cuniculus taczanowskii'' NT
***Family: Ctenomyidae (tuco-tucos)
****Genus: ''Ctenomys''
***** Argentine tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys argentinus'' NT
***** Southern tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys australis'' EN
***** Azara's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys azarae'' VU
***** Berg's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys bergi'' VU
***** Bolivian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys boliviensis'' LC
***** Bonetto's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys bonettoi'' EN
***** Brazilian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys brasiliensis'' DD
***** Budin's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys budini'' DD
***** Colburn's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys colburni'' DD
***** Puntilla tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys coludo'' DD
***** Conover's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys conoveri'' LC
***** Coyhaique tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys coyhaiquensis'' DD
***** D'Orbigny's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys dorbignyi'' NT
***** Chacoan tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys dorsalis'' DD
***** Emily's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys emilianus'' NT
***** Famatina tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys famosus'' DD
***** Flamarion's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys flamarioni'' EN
***** Foch's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fochi'' DD
***** Lago Blanco tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fodax'' DD
***** Reddish tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys frater'' LC
***** Tawny tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fulvus'' LC
***** Goodfellow's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys goodfellowi'' LC
***** Haig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys haigi'' LC
***** San Juan tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys johannis'' DD
***** Jujuy tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys juris'' DD
***** Catamarca tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys knighti'' DD
***** Lami tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys lami'' VU
***** Mottled tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys latro'' VU
***** White-toothed tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys leucodon'' LC
***** Lewis's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys lewisi'' LC
***** Magellanic tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys magellanicus'' VU
***** Maule tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys maulinus'' LC
***** Mendoza tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys mendocinus'' LC
***** Tiny tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys minutus'' DD
***** Furtive tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys occultus'' EN
***** Highland tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys opimus'' LC
***** Reig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys osvaldoreigi'' CR
***** ''Ctenomys paraguayensis''
***** Pearson's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pearsoni'' NT
***** Goya tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys perrensi'' LC
***** Peruvian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys peruanus'' LC
***** Pilar tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pilarensis'' EN
***** San Luis tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pontifex'' DD
***** Porteous's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys porteousi'' NT
***** Pundt's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pundti'' VU
***** Rio Negro tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys rionegrensis'' EN
***** Roig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys roigi'' CR
***** Salta tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys saltarius'' DD
***** Scaglia's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys scagliai'' DD
***** Silky tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sericeus'' DD
***** Social tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sociabilis'' CR
***** Steinbach's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys steinbachi'' LC
***** Forest tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sylvanus'' DD
***** Talas tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys talarum'' LC
***** Collared tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys torquatus'' LC
***** Robust tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tuconax'' DD
***** Tucuman tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tucumanus'' DD
***** Sierra Tontal tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tulduco'' DD
***** Strong tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys validus'' DD
***** Vipos tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys viperinus'' DD
***** Yolanda's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys yolandae'' DD
***Family: Octodontidae
****Genus: ''Aconaemys''
***** Chilean rock rat, ''Aconaemys fuscus'' LC
***** Porter's rock rat, ''Aconaemys porteri'' DD
***** Sage's rock rat, ''Aconaemys sagei'' DD
****Genus: ''Octodon''
***** Bridges's degu, ''Octodon bridgesi'' VU
***** Common degu, ''Octodon degus'' LC
***** Moon-toothed degu, ''Octodon lunatus'' VU
***** Pacific degu, ''Octodon pacificus'' CR
****Genus: ''Octodontomys''
***** Mountain degu, ''Octodontomys gliroides'' LC
****Genus: ''Octomys''
***** Mountain viscacha rat, ''Octomys mimax'' LC
****Genus: ''Pipanacoctomys''
*****Golden viscacha rat, ''Pipanacoctomys aureus'' CR
****Genus: ''Spalacopus''
***** Coruro, ''Spalacopus cyanus'' LC
****Genus: ''Tympanoctomys''
***** Plains viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys barrerae'' NT
***** Kirchner's viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum'' DD
*****Chalchalero viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum'' CR
***Family: Abrocomidae
****Genus: ''Abrocoma''
***** Bennett's chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma bennettii'' LC
***** Bolivian chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma boliviensis'' CR
***** Budin's chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma budini'' DD
***** Ashy chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma cinerea'' LC
***** Famatina chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma famatina'' DD
***** Sierra del Tontal chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma schistacea'' DD
***** Uspallata chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma uspallata'' DD
***** Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma vaccarum'' DD
***Family: Echimyidae (spiny rats and allies)
****Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
*****Genus: ''Kannabateomys''
****** Atlantic bamboo rat, ''Kannabateomys amblyonyx'' LC
*****Genus: ''Dactylomys''
****** Bolivian bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys boliviensis'' LC
****** Amazon bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys dactylinus'' LC
****** Montane bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys peruanus'' DD
*****Genus: ''Olallamys''
****** White-tailed olalla rat, ''Olallamys albicauda'' DD
****** Greedy olalla rat, ''Olallamys edax'' DD
****Subfamily: Echimyinae
*****Genus: ''Callistomys''
****** Painted tree-rat, ''Callistomys pictus'' EN
*****Genus: ''Diplomys''
****** Colombian soft-furred spiny rat, ''Diplomys caniceps'' DD
****** Rufous soft-furred spiny rat, ''Diplomys labilis'' LC
*****Genus: ''Echimys''
****** White-faced spiny tree-rat, ''Echimys chrysurus'' LC
****** Dark spiny tree-rat, ''Echimys saturnus'' DD
****** ''Echimys vieirai'' DD
*****Genus: ''Isothrix''
****** ''Isothrix barbarabrownae'' DD
****** Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix bistriata'' LC
****** Rio Negro brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix negrensis'' LC
****** Plain brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix pagurus'' LC
****** Sinnamary brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix sinnamariensis'' LC
*****Genus: ''Makalata''
****** ''Makalata castaneus''
****** Brazilian spiny tree-rat, ''Makalata didelphoides'' LC
****** ''Makalata handleyi''
****** ''Makalata guianae''
****** ''Makalata longirostris''
****** Long-tailed armored tree-rat, ''Makalata macrura'' LC
****** Dusky spiny tree-rat, ''Makalata obscura'' DD
****** Peruvian tree-rat, ''Makalata rhipidura'' DD
*****Genus: ''Pattonomys''
****** Bare-tailed armored tree-rat, ''Pattonomys occasius'' DD
****** Speckled spiny tree-rat, ''Pattonomys semivillosus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Phyllomys''
****** Golden Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys blainvilii'' LC
****** Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys brasiliensis'' EN
****** Drab Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys dasythrix'' LC
****** Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys kerri'' DD
****** Pallid Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys lamarum'' DD
****** Lund's Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys lundi'' EN
****** Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys mantiqueirensis'' CR
****** Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys medius'' LC
****** Black-spined Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys nigrispinus'' LC
****** Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys pattoni'' LC
****** ''Phyllomys sulinus''
****** Giant Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys thomasi'' EN
****** Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys unicolor'' CR
*****Genus: ''Santamartamys''
****** Red-crested tree-rat, ''Santamartamys rufodorsalis'' CR
*****Genus: ''Toromys''
****** Giant tree-rat, ''Toromys grandis'' LC
****Subfamily: Eumysopinae
*****Genus: ''Carterodon''
****** Owl's spiny rat, ''Carterodon sulcidens'' DD
*****Genus: ''Clyomys''
****** Broad-headed spiny rat, ''Clyomys laticeps'' LC
*****Genus: ''Euryzygomatomys''
****** Brandt's guiara, '' Euryzygomatomys guiara''
****** Guiara, Fischer's guiara, ''Euryzygomatomys spinosus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Hoplomys''
****** Armored rat, ''Hoplomys gymnurus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Lonchothrix''
****** Lonchothrix, Tuft-tailed spiny tree rat, ''Lonchothrix emiliae'' LC
*****Genus: ''Mesomys''
****** Ferreira's spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys hispidus'' LC
****** Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys leniceps'' DD
****** Mesomys occultus, Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys occultus'' LC
****** Pará spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys stimulax'' LC
*****Genus: ''Proechimys''
****** Short-tailed spiny rat, ''Proechimys brevicauda'' LC
****** Colombian spiny rat, ''Proechimys canicollis'' LC
****** Boyacá spiny rat, ''Proechimys chrysaeolus'' DD
****** Cuvier's spiny rat, ''Proechimys cuvieri'' LC
****** Pacific spiny rat, ''Proechimys decumanus'' VU
****** Stiff-spine spiny rat, ''Proechimys echinothrix'' LC
****** Gardner's spiny rat, ''Proechimys gardneri'' DD
****** Goeldi's spiny rat, ''Proechimys goeldii'' VU
****** Guaira spiny rat, ''Proechimys guairae'' LC
****** Guyenne spiny rat, ''Proechimys guyannensis'' LC
****** Guyanan spiny rat, ''Proechimys hoplomyoides'' DD
****** Kulina spiny rat, ''Proechimys kulinae'' DD
****** Long-tailed spiny rat, ''Proechimys longicaudatus'' LC
****** Magdalena spiny rat, ''Proechimys magdalenae'' DD
****** Minca spiny rat, ''Proechimys mincae'' DD
****** O'Connell's spiny rat, ''Proechimys oconnelli'' DD
****** Patton's spiny rat, ''Proechimys pattoni'' LC
****** Gray-footed spiny rat, ''Proechimys poliopus'' VU
****** Napo spiny rat, ''Proechimys quadruplicatus'' LC
****** Roberto's spiny rat, ''Proechimys roberti'' VU
****** Tome's spiny rat, ''Proechimys semispinosus'' LC
****** Simon's spiny rat, ''Proechimys simonsi'' LC
****** Steere's spiny rat, ''Proechimys steerei'' LC
****** Trinidad spiny rat, ''Proechimys trinitatis'' DD
****** Sucre spiny rat, ''Proechimys urichi'' LC
*****Genus: ''Thrichomys''
****** Common punaré, ''Thrichomys apereoides'' LC
****** ''Thrichomys fosteri'' NE
****** Highlands punaré, ''Thrichomys inermis'' LC
****** Sao Lourenço punaré, ''Thrichomys laurentius'' DD
****** Paraguayan punaré, ''Thrichomys pachyurus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Trinomys''
****** White-spined Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys albispinus'' LC
****** Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys dimidiatus'' LC
****** Elias' Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys eliasi'' EN
****** Gracile Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys gratiosus'' LC
****** Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys iheringi'' LC
****** Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys mirapitanga'' DD
****** Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys moojeni'' EN
****** Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys myosuros'' LC
****** Spiked Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys paratus'' DD
****** Hairy Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys setosus'' LC
****** Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys yonenagae'' EN
***Family: Myocastoridae (coypus)
****Genus: ''Myocastor''
***** Coypu, ''Myocastor coypus'' LC
*Suborder: Sciuromorpha
**Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
***Subfamily: Sciurillinae
****Genus: ''Sciurillus''
***** Neotropical pygmy squirrel, ''Sciurillus pusillus'' DD
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
****Tribe: Sciurini
*****Genus: ''Microsciurus''
****** Central American dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus alfari'' LC
****** Amazon dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus flaviventer'' DD
****** Western dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus mimulus'' LC
****** Santander dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus santanderensis'' DD
*****Genus: ''Sciurus''
****** Brazilian squirrel, ''Sciurus aestuans'' LC
****** South Yungas red squirrel, ''Sciurus argentinius''
****** Fiery squirrel, ''Sciurus flammifer'' DD
****** Yellow-throated squirrel, ''Sciurus gilvigularis'' DD
****** Red-tailed squirrel, ''Sciurus granatensis'' LC
****** Bolivian squirrel, ''Sciurus ignitus'' DD
****** Northern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus igniventris'' LC
****** Atlantic Forest squirrel, ''Sciurus ingrami''
****** Andean squirrel, ''Sciurus pucheranii'' DD
****** Junín red squirrel, ''Sciurus pyrrhinus'' DD
****** Sanborn's squirrel, ''Sciurus sanborni'' DD
****** Southern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus spadiceus'' LC
****** Guayaquil squirrel, ''Sciurus stramineus'' LC
*Suborder: Castorimorpha
**Family: Geomyidae
***Genus: ''Orthogeomys''
**** Thaeler's pocket gopher, ''Orthogeomys thaeleri'' LC
**Family: Heteromyidae
***Subfamily: Heteromyinae
****Genus: ''Heteromys''
***** Trinidad spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys anomalus'' LC
***** Southern spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys australis'' LC
***** Overlook spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys catopterius'' NE
***** Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys desmarestianus'' LC
***** Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys oasicus'' EN
***** Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys teleus'' VU
*Suborder: Myomorpha
**Family: Cricetidae
***Subfamily: Tylomyinae
****Genus: ''Tylomys''
***** Mira climbing rat, ''Tylomys mirae'' LC
***Subfamily: Neotominae
****Genus: ''Reithrodontomys''
***** Mexican harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'' LC
***Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
****Genus: ''Abrawayaomys''
***** ''Abrawayaomys chebezi''
***** Ruschi's rat, ''Abrawayaomys ruschii'' LC
****Genus: ''Abrothrix''
***** Andean Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix andinus'' LC
***** Hershkovitz's grass mouse, ''Abrothrix hershkovitzi'' LC
***** Gray grass mouse, ''Abrothrix illuteus'' NT
***** Jelski's Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix jelskii'' LC
***** Woolly grass mouse, ''Abrothrix lanosus'' LC
***** Long-haired grass mouse, ''Abrothrix longipilis'' LC
***** Olive grass mouse, ''Abrothrix olivaceus'' LC
***** Sanborn's grass mouse, ''Abrothrix sanborni'' NT
****Genus: ''Aepeomys''
***** Olive montane mouse, ''Aepeomys lugens'' LC
***** Reig's montane mouse, ''Aepeomys reigi'' VU
****Genus: ''Aegialomys''
***** Galápagos rice rat, ''Aegialomys galapagoensis'' VU
***** Yellowish rice rat, ''Aegialomys xanthaeolus'' LC
****Genus: ''Akodon''
***** Highland grass mouse, ''Akodon aerosus'' LC
***** Colombian grass mouse, ''Akodon affinis'' LC
***** White-bellied grass mouse, ''Akodon albiventer'' LC
***** Azara's grass mouse, ''Akodon azarae'' LC
***** Bogotá grass mouse, ''Akodon bogotensis'' LC
***** Bolivian grass mouse, ''Akodon boliviensis'' LC
***** Budin's grass mouse, ''Akodon budini'' LC
***** ''Akodon caenosus''
***** Cursor grass mouse, ''Akodon cursor'' LC
***** Day's grass mouse, ''Akodon dayi'' LC
***** Dolorous grass mouse, ''Akodon dolores'' LC
***** Smoky grass mouse, ''Akodon fumeus'' LC
***** ''Akodon glaucinus''
***** Intelligent grass mouse, ''Akodon iniscatus'' LC
***** Junín grass mouse, ''Akodon juninensis'' LC
***** Koford's grass mouse, ''Akodon kofordi'' LC
***** Ecuadorian grass mouse, ''Akodon latebricola'' VU
***** Lindbergh's grass mouse, ''Akodon lindberghi'' DD
***** Altiplano grass mouse, ''Akodon lutescens'' LC
***** Thespian grass mouse, ''Akodon mimus'' LC
***** Soft grass mouse, ''Akodon mollis'' LC
***** Montane grass mouse, ''Akodon montensis'' LC
***** Caparaó grass mouse, ''Akodon mystax'' DD
***** Neuquén grass mouse, ''Akodon neocenus'' DD
***** El Dorado grass mouse, ''Akodon orophilus'' LC
***** Paraná grass mouse, ''Akodon paranaensis'' LC
***** Tarija akodont, ''Akodon pervalens'' DD
***** Philip Myers's akodont, ''Akodon philipmyersi'' DD
***** ''Akodon polopi''
***** Reig's grass mouse, ''Akodon reigi'' LC
***** São Paulo grass mouse, ''Akodon sanctipaulensis'' DD
***** Serra do Mar grass mouse, ''Akodon serrensis'' LC
***** Cochabamba grass mouse, ''Akodon siberiae'' NT
***** White-throated grass mouse, ''Akodon simulator'' LC
***** Spegazzini's grass mouse, ''Akodon spegazzinii'' LC
***** Puno grass mouse, ''Akodon subfuscus'' LC
***** Silent grass mouse, ''Akodon surdus'' VU
***** Forest grass mouse, ''Akodon sylvanus'' LC
***** ''Akodon tartareus''
***** Chaco grass mouse, ''Akodon toba'' LC
***** Cloud forest grass mouse, ''Akodon torques'' LC
***** Variable grass mouse, ''Akodon varius'' DD
****Genus: ''Amphinectomys''
***** Ucayali water rat, ''Amphinectomys savamis'' DD
****Genus: ''Andalgalomys''
***** Olrog's chaco mouse, ''Andalgalomys olrogi'' LC
***** Pearson's chaco mouse, ''Andalgalomys pearsoni'' LC
****Genus: ''Andinomys''
***** Andean mouse, ''Andinomys edax'' LC
***** ''Andinomys lineicaudatus''
****Genus: ''Anotomys''
***** Aquatic rat, ''Anotomys leander'' VU
****Genus: ''Auliscomys''
***** Bolivian big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys boliviensis'' LC
***** Painted big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys pictus'' LC
***** Andean big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys sublimis'' LC
****Genus: ''Bibimys''
***** Chaco crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys chacoensis'' LC
***** Large-lipped crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys labiosus'' LC
***** Torres' crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys torresi'' NT
****Genus: ''Blarinomys''
***** Brazilian shrew-mouse, ''Blarinomys breviceps'' LC
****Genus: ''Brucepattersonius''
***** Gray-bellied brucie, ''Brucepattersonius griserufescens'' DD
***** Guaraní brucie, ''Brucepattersonius guarani'' DD
***** Red-bellied brucie, ''Brucepattersonius igniventris'' DD
***** Ihering's hocicudo, ''Brucepattersonius iheringi'' LC
***** Misiones brucie, ''Brucepattersonius misionensis'' DD
***** Arroyo of Paradise brucie, ''Brucepattersonius paradisus'' DD
***** Soricine brucie, ''Brucepattersonius soricinus'' DD
****Genus: ''Calomys''
***** Bolivian vesper mouse, ''Calomys boliviae'' LC
***** Crafty vesper mouse, ''Calomys callidus'' LC
***** Large vesper mouse, ''Calomys callosus'' LC
***** ''Calomys cerqueirai''
***** Caatinga vesper mouse, ''Calomys expulsus'' LC
***** Fecund vesper mouse, ''Calomys fecundus'' LC
***** Hummelinck's vesper mouse, ''Calomys hummelincki'' VU
***** Small vesper mouse, ''Calomys laucha'' LC
***** Andean vesper mouse, ''Calomys lepidus'' LC
***** Drylands vesper mouse, ''Calomys musculinus'' LC
***** Peruvian vesper mouse, ''Calomys sorellus'' LC
***** Delicate vesper mouse, ''Calomys tener'' LC
***** Tocantins vesper mouse, ''Calomys tocantinsi'' LC
***** Córdoba vesper mouse, ''Calomys venustus'' LC
****Genus: ''Cerradomys''
***** Langguth's rice rat, ''Cerradomys langguthi''
***** Maracaju rice rat, ''Cerradomys maracajuensis'' LC
***** Marinho's rice rat, ''Cerradomys marinhus'' DD
***** Lindbergh's rice rat, ''Cerradomys scotti'' LC
***** Terraced rice rat, ''Cerradomys subflavus'' LC
***** Vivo's rice rat, ''Cerradomys vivoi''
****Genus: ''Chelemys''
***** Magellanic long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys delfini'' DD
***** Andean long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys macronyx'' LC
***** Large long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys megalonyx'' NT
****Genus: ''Chibchanomys''
***** Las Cajas water mouse, ''Chibchanomys orcesi'' DD
***** Chibchan water mouse, ''Chibchanomys trichotis'' DD
****Genus: ''Chilomys''
***** Colombian forest mouse, ''Chilomys instans'' LC
****Genus: ''Chinchillula''
***** Altiplano chinchilla mouse, ''Chinchillula sahamae'' LC
****Genus: ''Delomys''
***** ''Delomys altimontanus''
***** Montane Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys collinus'' LC
***** Striped Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys dorsalis'' LC
***** Pallid Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys sublineatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Deltamys''
***** Kemp's grass mouse, ''Deltamys kempi'' LC
****Genus: ''Drymoreomys''
***** ''Drymoreomys albimaculatus'' NT
****Genus: ''Eligmodontia''
***** ''Eligmodontia bolsonensis''
***** ''Eligmodontia hirtipes''
***** Monte gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia moreni'' LC
***** Morgan's gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia morgani'' LC
***** Andean gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia puerulus'' LC
***** Eligmodontia typus, Highland gerbil mouse, eastern Patagonian gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia typus'' LC
****Genus: ''Eremoryzomys''
***** Gray rice rat, ''Eremoryzomys polius'' DD
****Genus: ''Euneomys''
***** Patagonian chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys chinchilloides'' DD
***** Burrowing chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys fossor'' DD
***** Biting chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys mordax'' LC
***** Peterson's chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys petersoni'' LC
****Genus: ''Euryoryzomys''
***** Emmons's rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys emmonsae'' DD
***** Monster rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys lamia'' EN
***** Tarija rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys legatus'' LC
***** MacConnell's rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys macconnelli'' LC
***** Elegant rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys nitidus'' LC
***** Russet rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys russatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Galenomys''
***** Garlepp's mouse, ''Galenomys garleppi'' DD
****Genus: ''Geoxus''
***** Long-clawed mole mouse, ''Geoxus valdivianus'' LC
****Genus: ''Graomys''
***** ''Graomys chacoensis'' (contains the former ''Graomys centralis'')
***** Pale leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys domorum'' LC
***** Edith's leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys edithae'' DD
***** Gray leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys griseoflavus'' LC
****Genus: ''Gyldenstolpia''
***** Fossorial giant rat, ''Gyldenstolpia fronto'' EN
*****''Gyldenstolpia planaltensis''
****Genus: ''Handleyomys''
***** Alfaro's rice rat, ''Handleyomys alfaroi'' LC
***** Dusky montane mouse, ''Handleyomys fuscatus'' LC
***** Colombian rice rat, ''Handleyomys intectus'' LC
****Genus: ''Holochilus''
***** Web-footed marsh rat, ''Holochilus brasiliensis'' LC
***** Chaco marsh rat, ''Holochilus chacarius'' LC
***** Amazonian marsh rat, ''Holochilus sciureus'' LC
****Genus: ''Hylaeamys''
***** ''Hylaeamys acritus'' DD
***** Hylaeamys laticeps, Large-headed rice rat, ''Hylaeamys laticeps'' NT
***** Azara's broad-headed rice rat, ''Hylaeamys megacephalus'' LC
***** Sowbug rice rat, ''Hylaeamys oniscus'' VU
***** Western Amazonian oryzomys, ''Hylaeamys perenensis'' LC
***** Tate's rice rat, ''Hylaeamys tatei'' DD
***** Yungas rice rat, ''Hylaeamys yunganus'' LC
****Genus: ''Ichthyomys''
***** Crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys hydrobates'' NT
***** Pittier's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys pittieri'' VU
***** Stolzmann's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys stolzmanni'' DD
***** Tweedy's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys tweedii'' DD
****Genus: ''Irenomys''
***** Chilean climbing mouse, ''Irenomys tarsalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Juliomys''
***** ''Juliomys ossitenuis'' NE
***** Lesser Wilfred's mouse, ''Juliomys pictipes'' LC
***** Cleft-headed juliomys, ''Juliomys rimofrons'' VU
***** Aracuaria Forest tree mouse, ''Juliomys ximenezi'' NE
****Genus: ''Juscelinomys''
***** Rio Guaporé mouse, ''Juscelinomys guaporensis'' DD
***** Huanchaca mouse, ''Juscelinomys huanchacae'' DD
****Genus: ''Kunsia''
***** Woolly giant rat, ''Kunsia tomentosus'' LC
****Genus: ''Lenoxus''
***** Andean rat, ''Lenoxus apicalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Loxodontomys''
***** Southern big-eared mouse, ''Loxodontomys micropus'' LC
***** Pikumche pericote, ''Loxodontomys pikumche'' LC
****Genus: ''Lundomys''
***** Lund's amphibious rat, ''Lundomys molitor'' LC
****Genus: ''Melanomys''
***** Dusky rice rat, ''Melanomys caliginosus'' LC
***** Robust dark rice rat, ''Melanomys robustulus'' LC
***** Zuniga's dark rice rat, ''Melanomys zunigae'' CR
****Genus: ''Microakodontomys''
***** Intermediate lesser grass mouse, ''Microakodontomys transitorius'' VU
****Genus: ''Microryzomys''
***** Highland small rice rat, ''Microryzomys altissimus'' LC
***** Forest small rice rat, ''Microryzomys minutus'' LC
****Genus: ''Mindomys''
***** Hammond's rice rat, ''Mindomys hammondi'' EN
****Genus: ''Neacomys''
***** Dubost's bristly mouse, ''Neacomys dubosti'' LC
***** Guiana bristly mouse, ''Neacomys guianae'' LC
***** Jurua bristly mouse, ''Neacomys minutus'' LC
***** Musser's bristly mouse, ''Neacomys musseri'' LC
***** Paracou bristly mouse, ''Neacomys paracou'' LC
***** Common bristly mouse, ''Neacomys spinosus'' LC
***** Narrow-footed bristly mouse, ''Neacomys tenuipes'' LC
****Genus: ''Necromys''
***** Pleasant bolo mouse, ''Necromys amoenus'' LC
***** Argentine bolo mouse, ''Necromys benefactus'' LC
***** Rufous-bellied bolo mouse, ''Necromys lactens'' LC
***** Hairy-tailed bolo mouse, ''Necromys lasiurus'' LC
***** Paraguayan bolo mouse, ''Necromys lenguarum'' LC
***** Dark bolo mouse, ''Necromys obscurus'' NT
***** Spotted bolo mouse, ''Necromys punctulatus'' DD
***** Temchuk's bolo mouse, ''Necromys temchuki'' LC
***** Northern grass mouse, ''Necromys urichi'' LC
****Genus: ''Nectomys''
***** Western Amazonian water rat, ''Nectomys apicalis'' LC
***** Magdalena water rat, ''Nectomys magdalenae'' DD
***** Trinidad water rat, ''Nectomys palmipes'' LC
***** Small-footed bristly mouse, ''Nectomys rattus'' LC
***** Scaly-footed water rat, ''Nectomys squamipes'' LC
****Genus: ''Neotomys''
***** Andean swamp rat, ''Neotomys ebriosus'' LC
****Genus: ''Nephelomys''
***** Tomes's rice rat, ''Nephelomys albigularis'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys auriventer'' LC
***** Costa Central rice rat, ''Nephelomys caracolus'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys childi''
***** Keays's rice rat, ''Nephelomys keaysi'' LC
***** Light-footed rice rat, ''Nephelomys levipes'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys maculiventer''
***** Mérida rice rat, ''Nephelomys meridensis'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys moerex''
***** ''Nephelomys nimbosus''
***** ''Nephelomys pectoralis''
****Genus: ''Nesoryzomys''
***** Fernandina rice rat, ''Nesoryzomys fernandinae'' VU
***** Nesoryzomys indefessus narboroughi, Fernandina Island Galápagos mouse, ''Nesoryzomys narboroughi'' VU
***** Santiago Galápagos mouse, ''Nesoryzomys swarthi'' VU
****Genus: ''Neusticomys''
***** Ferreira's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys ferreirai'' DD
***** Montane fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys monticolus'' LC
***** Musso's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys mussoi'' EN
***** Oyapock's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys oyapocki'' DD
***** Peruvian fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys peruviensis'' LC
***** Venezuelan fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys venezuelae'' VU
****Genus: ''Notiomys''
***** Edward's long-clawed mouse, ''Notiomys edwardsii'' LC
****Genus: ''Oecomys''
***** Guianan arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys auyantepui'' LC
***** Bicolored arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys bicolor'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys catherinae'' LC
***** Cleber's arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys cleberi'' DD
***** Unicolored arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys concolor'' LC
***** Yellow arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys flavicans'' LC
***** Mamore arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys mamorae'' LC
***** Brazilian arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys paricola'' DD
***** Dusky arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys phaeotis'' LC
***** King arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys rex'' LC
***** Robert's arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys roberti'' LC
***** Red arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys rutilus'' LC
***** Venezuelan arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys speciosus'' LC
***** Foothill arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys superans'' LC
***** ''Oecomys sydandersoni''
***** Trinidad arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys trinitatis'' LC
****Genus: ''Oligoryzomys''
***** Andean pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys andinus'' LC
***** Sandy pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys arenalis'' LC
***** Brenda's colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys brendae'' DD
***** Chacoan pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys chacoensis'' LC
***** Destructive pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys destructor'' LC
***** Yellow pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys flavescens'' LC
***** Fornes' colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys fornesi'' LC
***** Fulvous pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys fulvescens'' LC
***** Grayish pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys griseolus'' LC
***** Long-tailed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys longicaudatus'' LC
***** Magellanic pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys magellanicus'' LC
***** Small-eared pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys microtis'' LC
***** Moojen's pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys moojeni'' DD
***** Black-footed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys nigripes'' LC
***** Rock pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys rupestris'' DD
***** Straw-colored pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys stramineus'' LC
****Genus: ''Oreoryzomys''
***** Peruvian rice rat, ''Oreoryzomys balneator'' DD
****Genus: ''Oryzomys''
***** Coues's rice rat, ''Oryzomys couesi'' LC
***** Gorgas's rice rat, ''Oryzomys gorgasi'' EN
****Genus: ''Oxymycterus''
***** Argentine hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus akodontius'' DD
***** Amazonian hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus amazonicus'' LC
***** Angular hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus angularis'' LC
***** Caparaó hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus caparoae'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus dasytrichus'' LC
***** Spy hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus delator'' LC
***** Small hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hiska'' LC
***** Hispid hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hispidus'' LC
***** Quechuan hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hucucha'' EN
***** Incan hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus inca'' LC
***** Cook's hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus josei'' EN
***** Long-nosed hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus nasutus'' LC
***** Paramo hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus paramensis'' LC
***** Quaestor hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus quaestor'' LC
***** Robert's hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus roberti'' LC
***** Red hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus rufus'' LC
***** ''Oxymycterus wayku''
****Genus: ''Paralomys''
***** Gerbil leaf-eared mouse, ''Paralomys gerbillus'' LC
****Genus: ''Pearsonomys''
***** Pearson's long-clawed mouse, ''Pearsonomys annectens'' VU
****Genus: ''Phaenomys''
***** Rio de Janeiro arboreal rat, ''Phaenomys ferrugineus'' VU
****Genus: ''Phyllotis''
***** ''Phyllotis alisosiensis''
***** Friendly leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis amicus'' LC
***** Andean leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis andium'' LC
***** Anita's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis anitae'' DD
***** Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis bonariensis'' NT
***** Capricorn leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis caprinus'' LC
***** Darwin's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis darwini'' LC
***** Definitive leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis definitus'' EN
***** Haggard's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis haggardi'' LC
***** Lima leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis limatus'' LC
***** Master leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis magister'' LC
***** Osgood's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis osgoodi'' DD
***** Bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis osilae'' LC
***** Wolffsohn's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis wolffsohni'' LC
***** Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis xanthopygus'' LC
****Genus: ''Podoxymys''
***** Roraima mouse, ''Podoxymys roraimae'' VU
****Genus: ''Pseudoryzomys''
***** Brazilian false rice rat, ''Pseudoryzomys simplex'' LC
****Genus: ''Punomys''
***** Eastern puna mouse, ''Punomys kofordi'' VU
***** Puna mouse, ''Punomys lemminus'' VU
****Genus: ''Reithrodon''
***** Bunny rat, ''Reithrodon auritus'' LC
***** Naked-soled conyrat, ''Reithrodon typicus'' LC
****Genus: ''Rhagomys''
***** Long-tongued arboreal mouse, ''Rhagomys longilingua'' LC
***** Brazilian arboreal mouse, ''Rhagomys rufescens'' NT
****Genus: ''Rhipidomys''
***** Southern climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys austrinus'' LC
***** Cariri climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys cariri'' DD
***** Cauca climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys caucensis'' DD
***** Coues's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys couesi'' LC
***** Eastern Amazon climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys emiliae'' LC
***** Buff-bellied climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys fulviventer'' LC
***** Gardner's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys gardneri'' LC
***** Broad-footed climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys latimanus'' LC
***** White-footed climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys leucodactylus'' LC
***** MacConnell's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys macconnelli'' LC
***** Cerrado climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys macrurus'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys mastacalis'' LC
***** Peruvian climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys modicus'' LC
***** Splendid climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys nitela'' LC
***** Yellow-bellied climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys ochrogaster'' DD
***** Venezuelan climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys venezuelae'' LC
***** Charming climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys venustus'' LC
***** Wetzel's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys wetzeli'' LC
****Genus: ''Salinomys''
***** Delicate salt flat mouse, ''Salinomys delicatus'' DD
****Genus: ''Scapteromys''
***** Argentine swamp rat, ''Scapteromys aquaticus'' LC
***** Plateau swamp rat, ''Scapteromys meridionalis''
***** Waterhouse's swamp rat, ''Scapteromys tumidus'' LC
****Genus: ''Scolomys''
***** South American spiny mouse, ''Scolomys melanops'' LC
***** Ucayali spiny mouse, ''Scolomys ucayalensis'' LC
****Genus: ''Sigmodon''
***** Alston's cotton rat, ''Sigmodon alstoni'' LC
***** Southern cotton rat, ''Sigmodon hirsutus'' LC
***** Unexpected cotton rat, ''Sigmodon inopinatus'' VU
***** Peruvian cotton rat, ''Sigmodon peruanus'' LC
****Genus: ''Sigmodontomys''
***** Alfaro's rice water rat, ''Sigmodontomys alfari'' LC
***** Harris's rice water rat, ''Sigmodontomys aphrastus'' DD
****Genus: ''Sooretamys''
***** Paraguayan rice rat, ''Sooretamys angouya'' LC
****Genus: ''Tapecomys''
***** ''Tapecomys wolffsohni''
***** Primordial tapecua, ''Tapecomys primus'' LC
****Genus: ''Thalpomys''
***** Cerrado mouse, ''Thalpomys cerradensis'' LC
***** Hairy-eared cerrado mouse, ''Thalpomys lasiotis'' LC
****Genus: ''Thaptomys''
***** Blackish grass mouse, ''Thaptomys nigrita'' LC
****Genus: ''Thomasomys''
***** Anderson's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys andersoni''
***** Apeco Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys apeco'' VU
***** Golden Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys aureus'' LC
***** Beady-eyed mouse, ''Thomasomys baeops'' LC
***** Silky Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys bombycinus'' DD
***** White-tipped Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys caudivarius'' LC
***** Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinereiventer'' LC
***** Ash-colored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinereus'' LC
***** Cinnamon-colored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinnameus'' LC
***** Daphne's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys daphne'' LC
***** Peruvian Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys eleusis'' LC
***** Wandering Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys erro'' LC
***** Slender Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys gracilis'' NT
***** Hudson's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys hudsoni'' DD
***** Woodland Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys hylophilus'' EN
***** Inca Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys incanus'' VU
***** Strong-tailed Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ischyurus'' VU
***** Kalinowski's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys kalinowskii'' VU
***** Ladew's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ladewi'' LC
***** Soft-furred Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys laniger'' LC
***** Large-eared Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys macrotis'' VU
***** Unicolored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys monochromos'' EN
***** Snow-footed Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys niveipes'' LC
***** Distinguished Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys notatus'' LC
***** Ashaninka Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys onkiro'' VU
***** Montane Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys oreas'' LC
***** Paramo Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys paramorum'' LC
***** Popayán Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys popayanus'' DD
***** Cajamarca Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys praetor'' DD
***** Thomas's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys pyrrhonotus'' VU
***** Rhoads's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys rhoadsi'' LC
***** Rosalinda's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys rosalinda'' DD
***** Forest Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys silvestris'' LC
***** Taczanowski's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys taczanowskii'' LC
***** Ucucha Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ucucha'' VU
***** Dressy Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys vestitus'' LC
***** Pichincha Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys vulcani'' DD
****Genus: ''Transandinomys''
***** Bolivar rice rat, ''Transandinomys bolivaris'' LC
***** Talamancan rice rat, ''Transandinomys talamancae'' LC
****Genus: ''Wiedomys''
***** Cerrado red-nosed mouse, ''Wiedomys cerradensis'' DD
***** Red-nosed mouse, ''Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos'' LC
****Genus: ''Wilfredomys''
***** Greater Wilfred's mouse, ''Wilfredomys oenax'' EN
****Genus: ''Zygodontomys''
***** Short-tailed cane mouse, ''Zygodontomys brevicauda'' LC
***** Brown cane mouse, ''Zygodontomys brunneus'' LC
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Noctilionidae (bulldog bats)
**Genus: ''Noctilio''
*** Lesser bulldog bat, ''Noctilio albiventris'' LC
*** Greater bulldog bat, ''Noctilio leporinus'' LC
*Family: Vespertilionidae
**Subfamily: Myotinae
***Genus: ''Myotis''
**** Southern myotis, ''Myotis aelleni'' DD
**** Silver-tipped myotis, ''Myotis albescens'' LC
**** Atacama myotis, ''Myotis atacamensis'' NT
**** Chilean myotis, ''Myotis chiloensis'' LC
**** ''Myotis dinellii'' LC
**** Hairy-legged myotis, ''Myotis keaysi'' LC
**** Yellowish myotis, ''Myotis levis'' LC
**** ''Myotis midastactus'' NE
**** Curacao myotis, ''Myotis nesopolus'' LC
**** Black myotis, ''Myotis nigricans'' LC
**** Montane myotis, ''Myotis oxyotus'' LC
**** Riparian myotis, ''Myotis riparius'' LC
**** Red myotis, ''Myotis ruber'' NT
**** Velvety myotis, ''Myotis simus'' DD
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
***Genus: ''Eptesicus''
**** Little black serotine, ''Eptesicus andinus'' LC
**** Brazilian brown bat, ''Eptesicus brasiliensis'' LC
**** Chiriquinan serotine, ''Eptesicus chiriquinus'' LC
**** Diminutive serotine, ''Eptesicus diminutus'' DD
**** Argentine brown bat, ''Eptesicus furinalis'' LC
**** Big brown bat, ''Eptesicus fuscus'' LC
**** Harmless serotine, ''Eptesicus innoxius'' NT
**** ''Eptesicus taddeii''
***Genus: ''Histiotus''
**** Strange big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus alienus'' DD
**** Humboldt big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus humboldti'' DD
**** Thomas's big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus laephotis'' NT
**** Big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus macrotus'' LC
**** Southern big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus magellanicus'' LC
**** Small big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus montanus'' LC
**** Tropical big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus velatus'' DD
***Genus: ''Lasiurus''
**** ''Lasiurus atratus'' LC
**** Desert red bat, ''Lasiurus blossevillii'' LC
**** Tacarcuna bat, ''Lasiurus castaneus'' DD
**** Hoary bat, ''Lasiurus cinereus'' LC
**** Hairy-tailed bat, ''Lasiurus ebenus'' DD
**** Southern yellow bat, ''Lasiurus ega'' LC
**** Big red bat, ''Lasiurus egregius'' DD
**** Pfeiffer's red bat, ''Lasiurus pfeifferi''
**** Saline red bat, ''Lasiurus salinae''
**** Cinnamon red bat, ''Lasiurus varius'' LC
***Genus: ''Rhogeessa''
**** Husson's yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa hussoni'' DD
**** Thomas's yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa io'' LC
**** Tiny yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa minutilla'' VU
**Subfamily: Tomopeatinae
***Genus: ''Tomopeas''
**** Blunt-eared bat, ''Tomopeas ravus'' VU
*Family: Molossidae (free-tailed bats)
**Genus: ''Cynomops''
*** Cinnamon dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops abrasus'' DD
*** Greenhall's dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops greenhalli'' LC
*** Para dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops paranus'' DD
*** Southern dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops planirostris'' LC
**Genus: ''Eumops''
*** Black bonneted bat, ''Eumops auripendulus'' LC
*** Dwarf bonneted bat, ''Eumops bonariensis'' LC
*** Big bonneted bat, ''Eumops dabbenei'' LC
*** Wagner's bonneted bat, ''Eumops glaucinus'' LC
*** Sanborn's bonneted bat, ''Eumops hansae'' LC
*** Guianan bonneted bat, ''Eumops maurus'' DD
*** Patagonian bonneted bat, ''Eumops patagonicus'' LC
*** Western mastiff bat, ''Eumops perotis'' LC
*** Colombian bonneted bat, ''Eumops trumbulli'' LC
*** Eumops wilsoni, Wilson's bonneted bat, ''Eumops wilsoni''
**Genus: ''Molossops''
*** Equatorial dog-faced bat, ''Molossops aequatorianus'' VU
*** Mato Grosso dog-faced bat, ''Molossops mattogrossensis'' LC
*** Rufous dog-faced bat, ''Molossops neglectus'' DD
*** Dwarf dog-faced bat, ''Molossops temminckii'' LC
**Genus: ''Molossus (genus), Molossus''
*** Barnes's mastiff bat, ''Molossus barnesi'' DD
*** Coiban mastiff bat, ''Molossus coibensis'' LC
*** Bonda mastiff bat, ''Molossus currentium'' LC
*** Velvety free-tailed bat, ''Molossus molossus'' LC
*** Miller's mastiff bat, ''Molossus pretiosus'' LC
*** Black mastiff bat, ''Molossus rufus'' LC
*** Sinaloan mastiff bat, ''Molossus sinaloae'' LC
*** ''Molossus trinitatis''
**Genus: ''Mormopterus''
*** Kalinowski's mastiff bat, ''Mormopterus kalinowskii'' LC
*** Incan little mastiff bat, ''Mormopterus phrudus'' VU
**Genus: ''Nyctinomops''
*** Peale's free-tailed bat, ''Nyctinomops aurispinosus'' LC
*** Broad-eared bat, ''Nyctinomops laticaudatus'' LC
*** Big free-tailed bat, ''Nyctinomops macrotis'' LC
**Genus: ''Promops''
*** Big crested mastiff bat, ''Promops centralis'' LC
*** Brown mastiff bat, ''Promops nasutus'' LC
**Genus: ''Tadarida''
*** Mexican free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida brasiliensis'' LC
*Family: Emballonuridae (ghost bats, sac-winged bats and allies)
**Genus: ''Balantiopteryx''
*** Ecuadorian sac-winged bat, ''Balantiopteryx infusca'' EN
*** Gray sac-winged bat, ''Balantiopteryx plicata'' LC
**Genus: ''Centronycteris''
*** Thomas's shaggy bat, ''Centronycteris centralis'' LC
*** Shaggy bat, ''Centronycteris maximiliani'' LC
**Genus: ''Cormura''
*** Chestnut sac-winged bat, ''Cormura brevirostris'' LC
**Genus: ''Cyttarops''
*** Short-eared bat, ''Cyttarops alecto'' LC
**Genus: ''Diclidurus''
*** Northern ghost bat, ''Diclidurus albus'' LC
*** Greater ghost bat, ''Diclidurus ingens'' DD
*** Isabelle's ghost bat, ''Diclidurus isabella'' LC
*** Lesser ghost bat, ''Diclidurus scutatus'' LC
**Genus: ''Peropteryx''
*** Greater dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx kappleri'' LC
*** White-winged dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx leucoptera'' LC
*** Lesser doglike bat, ''Peropteryx macrotis'' LC
*** Trinidad dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx trinitatis'' DD
*** Pale-winged dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx pallidoptera''
**Genus: ''Rhynchonycteris''
*** Proboscis bat, ''Rhynchonycteris naso'' LC
**Genus: ''Saccopteryx''
*** Antioquian sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx antioquensis'' DD
*** Greater sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx bilineata'' LC
*** Frosted sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx canescens'' LC
*** Amazonian sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx gymnura'' DD
*** Lesser sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx leptura'' LC
*Family: Mormoopidae (mustached bats)
**Genus: ''Mormoops''
*** Ghost-faced bat, ''Mormoops megalophylla'' LC
**Genus: ''Pteronotus''
*** Davy's naked-backed bat, ''Pteronotus davyi'' LC
*** Big naked-backed bat, ''Pteronotus gymnonotus'' LC
*** Paraguana moustached bat, ''Pteronotus paraguanensis'' EN
*** Parnell's mustached bat, ''Pteronotus parnellii'' LC
*** Wagner's mustached bat, ''Pteronotus personatus'' LC
*Family: Phyllostomidae (leaf-nosed bats)
**Subfamily: Phyllostominae
***Genus: ''Chrotopterus''
**** Big-eared woolly bat, ''Chrotopterus auritus'' LC
***Genus: ''Glyphonycteris''
**** Behn's bat, ''Glyphonycteris behnii'' DD
**** Davies's big-eared bat, ''Glyphonycteris daviesi'' LC
**** Tricolored big-eared bat, ''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'' LC
***Genus: ''Lampronycteris''
**** Yellow-throated big-eared bat, ''Lampronycteris brachyotis'' LC
***Genus: ''Lonchorhina''
**** Tomes's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina aurita'' LC
**** Fernandez's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina fernandezi'' EN
**** Northern sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina inusitata'' DD
**** Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina marinkellei'' EN
**** Orinoco sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina orinocensis'' VU
***Genus: ''Lophostoma''
**** ''Lophostoma aequatorialis'' DD
**** Pygmy round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma brasiliense'' LC
**** Carriker's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma carrikeri'' LC
**** Schultz's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma schulzi'' LC
**** White-throated round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma silvicolum'' LC
**** ''Lophostoma yasuni'' DD
***Genus: ''Macrophyllum (genus), Macrophyllum''
**** Long-legged bat, ''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'' LC
***Genus: ''Micronycteris''
**** Brosset's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris brosseti'' DD
**** ''Micronycteris giovanniae''
**** Hairy big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris hirsuta'' LC
**** Pirlot's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris homezi''
**** Matses' big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris matses'' DD
**** Little big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris megalotis'' LC
**** Common big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris microtis'' LC
**** White-bellied big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris minuta'' LC
**** Sanborn's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris sanborni'' DD
**** Schmidts's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris schmidtorum'' LC
***Genus: ''Mimon''
**** Golden bat, ''Mimon bennettii'' LC
**** Cozumelan golden bat, ''Mimon cozumelae'' LC
**** Striped hairy-nosed bat, ''Mimon crenulatum'' LC
**** Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat, ''Mimon koepckeae'' DD
***Genus: ''Neonycteris''
**** Least big-eared bat, ''Neonycteris pusilla'' VU
***Genus: ''Phylloderma''
**** Pale-faced bat, ''Phylloderma stenops'' LC
***Genus: ''Phyllostomus''
**** Pale spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus discolor'' LC
**** Lesser spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus elongatus'' LC
**** Greater spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus hastatus'' LC
**** Guianan spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus latifolius'' LC
***Genus: ''Tonatia''
**** Greater round-eared bat, ''Tonatia bidens'' DD
**** Stripe-headed round-eared bat, ''Tonatia saurophila'' LC
***Genus: ''Trachops''
**** Fringe-lipped bat, ''Trachops cirrhosus'' LC
***Genus: ''Trinycteris''
**** Niceforo's big-eared bat, ''Trinycteris nicefori'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyrum''
**** Spectral bat, ''Vampyrum spectrum'' NT
**Subfamily: Glossophaginae
***Genus: ''Anoura''
**** ''Anoura aequatoris''
**** Cadena's tailless bat, ''Anoura cadenai''
**** Tailed tailless bat, ''Anoura caudifer'' LC
**** Handley's tailless bat, ''Anoura cultrata'' NT
**** Tube-lipped nectar bat, ''Anoura fistulata'' DD
**** Geoffroy's tailless bat, ''Anoura geoffroyi'' LC
**** Broad-toothed tailless bat, ''Anoura latidens'' LC
**** Luis Manuel's tailless bat, ''Anoura luismanueli'' LC
***Genus: ''Choeroniscus''
**** Godman's long-tailed bat, ''Choeroniscus godmani'' LC
**** Minor long-nosed long-tongued bat, ''Choeroniscus minor'' LC
**** Greater long-tailed bat, ''Choeroniscus periosus'' VU
***Genus: ''Glossophaga''
**** Commissaris's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga commissarisi'' LC
**** Miller's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga longirostris'' DD
**** Pallas's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga soricina'' LC
***Genus: ''Leptonycteris''
**** Southern long-nosed bat, ''Leptonycteris curasoae'' VU
***Genus: ''Lichonycteris''
**** Dark long-tongued bat, ''Lichonycteris obscura'' LC
***Genus: ''Lionycteris''
**** Chestnut long-tongued bat, ''Lionycteris spurrelli'' LC
***Genus: ''Lonchophylla''
**** Bokermann's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla bokermanni'' DD
**** ''Lonchophylla cadenai''
**** Chocoan long-tongued bat, ''Lonchophylla chocoana'' DD
**** Goldman's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla concava'' NT
**** Dekeyser's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla dekeyseri'' NT
**** ''Lonchophylla fornicata''
**** Handley's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla handleyi'' LC
**** Western nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla hesperia'' VU
**** Godman's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla mordax'' LC
**** Orcés's long-tongued bat, ''Lonchophylla orcesi'' DD
**** ''Lonchophylla pattoni''
**** Orange nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla robusta'' LC
**** Thomas's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla thomasi'' LC
***Genus: ''Platalina''
**** Long-snouted bat, ''Platalina genovensium'' NT
***Genus: ''Scleronycteris''
**** Ega long-tongued bat, ''Scleronycteris ega'' LC
**Subfamily: Carolliinae
***Genus: ''Carollia''
**** Benkeith's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia benkeithi''
**** Silky short-tailed bat, ''Carollia brevicauda'' LC
**** Chestnut short-tailed bat, ''Carollia castanea'' LC
**** Colombian short-tailed bat, ''Carollia colombiana''
**** Manu short-tailed bat, ''Carollia manu'' LC
**** Mono's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia monohernandezi''
**** Seba's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia perspicillata'' LC
***Genus: ''Rhinophylla''
**** Hairy little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla alethina'' NT
**** Fischer's little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla fischerae'' LC
**** Dwarf little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla pumilio'' LC
**Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
***Genus: ''Ametrida''
**** Little white-shouldered bat, ''Ametrida centurio'' LC
***Genus: ''Artibeus''
**** Large fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus amplus'' LC
**** Brown fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus concolor'' LC
**** Fringed fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus fimbriatus'' LC
**** Fraternal fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus fraterculus'' LC
**** Jamaican fruit bat, ''Artibeus jamaicensis'' LC
**** Great fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus lituratus'' LC
**** Dark fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus obscurus'' LC
**** Flat-faced fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus planirostris'' LC
***Genus: ''Wrinkle-faced bat, Centurio''
**** Wrinkle-faced bat, ''Centurio senex'' LC
***Genus: ''Chiroderma''
**** Brazilian big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma doriae'' LC
**** Salvin's big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma salvini'' LC
**** Little big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma trinitatum'' LC
**** Hairy big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma villosum'' LC
***Genus: ''Dermanura''
**** Andersen's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura anderseni'' LC
**** Bogota fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura bogotensis'' LC
**** Gervais's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura cinerea'' LC
**** Silver fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura glauca'' LC
**** Gnome fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura gnoma'' LC
**** Pygmy fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura phaeotis'' LC
**** ''Dermanura rava'' NE
**** Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura rosenbergi'' DD
**** Toltec fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura tolteca'' LC
**** Thomas's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura watsoni'' LC
***Genus: ''Enchisthenes''
**** Velvety fruit-eating bat, ''Enchisthenes hartii'' LC
***Genus: ''Mesophylla''
**** MacConnell's bat, ''Mesophylla macconnelli'' LC
***Genus: ''Platyrrhinus''
**** Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus alberico'' LC
**** Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostris''
**** ''Platyrrhinus aquilus''
**** Eldorado broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus aurarius'' LC
**** Short-headed broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus brachycephalus'' LC
**** Choco broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus chocoensis'' EN
**** Thomas's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus dorsalis'' LC
**** Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus fusciventris''
**** Heller's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus helleri'' LC
**** ''Platyrrhinus incarum''
**** Buffy broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus infuscus'' LC
**** Platyrrhinus ismaeli, Ismael's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus ismaeli'' VU
**** White-lined broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus lineatus'' LC
**** Quechua broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus masu'' LC
**** Matapalo broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus matapalensis'' NT
**** Geoffroy's rayed bat, ''Platyrrhinus nigellus'' LC
**** ''Platyrrhinus nitelinea''
**** Recife broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus recifinus'' LC
**** Shadowy broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus umbratus'' DD
**** Greater broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus vittatus'' LC
***Genus: ''Sphaeronycteris''
**** Visored bat, ''Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum'' DD
***Genus: ''Pygoderma''
**** Ipanema bat, ''Pygoderma bilabiatum'' LC
***Genus: ''Sturnira''
**** Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira aratathomasi'' NT
**** Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira bidens'' LC
**** Bogota yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira bogotensis'' LC
**** Hairy yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira erythromos'' LC
**** Sturnira koopmanhilli, Chocó yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira koopmanhilli''
**** Little yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira lilium'' LC
**** Highland yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira ludovici'' LC
**** Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira luisi'' LC
**** Greater yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira magna'' LC
**** Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira mistratensis'' DD
**** Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira mordax'' NT
**** Lesser yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira nana'' EN
**** Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira oporaphilum'' NT
**** Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira sorianoi'' DD
**** Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira tildae'' LC
***Genus: ''Uroderma''
**** Tent-making bat, ''Uroderma bilobatum'' LC
**** Brown tent-making bat, ''Uroderma magnirostrum'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyressa''
**** Bidentate yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa bidens'' LC
**** Brock's yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa brocki'' LC
**** Melissa's yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa melissa'' VU
**** Striped yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa nymphaea'' LC
**** Southern little yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa pusilla'' DD
**** Northern little yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa thyone'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyrodes''
**** Great stripe-faced bat, ''Vampyrodes caraccioli'' LC
**Subfamily: Desmodontinae
***Genus: ''Desmodus''
**** Common vampire bat, ''Desmodus rotundus'' LC
***Genus: ''Diaemus''
**** White-winged vampire bat, ''Diaemus youngi'' LC
***Genus: ''Diphylla''
**** Hairy-legged vampire bat, ''Diphylla ecaudata'' LC
*Family: Natalidae (funnel-eared bats)
**Genus: ''Chilonatalus''
*** Cuban funnel-eared bat, ''Chilonatalus micropus'' NT
**Genus: ''Natalus''
*** Brazilian funnel-eared bat, ''Natalus espiritosantensis'' NT
*** Trinidadian funnel-eared bat, ''Natalus tumidirostris'' LC
*Family: Furipteridae (thumbless bats)
**Genus: ''Amorphochilus''
*** Smoky bat, ''Amorphochilus schnablii'' EN
**Genus: ''Furipterus''
*** Thumbless bat, ''Furipterus horrens'' LC
*Family: Thyropteridae (disc-winged bats)
**Genus: ''Thyroptera''
*** Peters's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera discifera'' LC
*** de Vivo's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera devivoi'' DD
*** LaVal's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera lavali'' DD
*** Spix's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera tricolor'' LC
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. South America is notable for its diversity of canids, having Talk:Great American Interchange#Canid species/genera by continent, more genera than any other continent in spite of their relatively brief history there. South America's felid diversity is also List of mammals of North America#Carnivores, greater than that of North America north of Mexico, while its mustelid diversity is comparable and its mephitid and ursid diversities are lower. Its procyonid diversity is somewhat less than List of mammals of Central America#Order: Carnivora (carnivorans), that of Central America, the center of the family's recent evolution. The diversification of canids and felids in South America was partly a consequence of the inability of the continent's native Phorusrhacidae, avian and Sparassodonta, metatherian predators to compete effectively following the Great American Interchange.
*Suborder: Feliformia
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
****Genus: ''Herpailurus''
***** Jaguarundi, ''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' LC
****Genus: ''Puma (genus), Puma''
***** Cougar, ''Puma concolor'' LC
****Genus: ''Leopardus''
***** Pampas cat, ''Leopardus colocolo'' NT
***** Geoffroy's cat, ''Leopardus geoffroyi'' LC
***** Kodkod, ''Leopardus guigna'' VU
***** Southern tigrina, ''Leopardus guttulus'' VU
***** Andean mountain cat, ''Leopardus jacobita'' EN
***** Ocelot, ''Leopardus pardalis'' LC
***** Oncilla, ''Leopardus tigrinus'' VU
***** Margay, ''Leopardus wiedii'' NT
***Subfamily: Pantherinae
****Genus: ''Panthera''
***** Jaguar, ''Panthera onca'' NT
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: ''Lycalopex''
**** Culpeo, ''Lycalopex culpaeus'' LC
**** Darwin's fox, ''Lycalopex fulvipes'' EN
**** South American gray fox, ''Lycalopex griseus'' LC
**** Pampas fox, ''Lycalopex gymnocercus'' LC
**** Sechuran fox, ''Lycalopex sechurae'' NT
**** Hoary fox, ''Lycalopex vetulus'' LC
***Genus: ''Cerdocyon''
**** Crab-eating fox, ''Cerdocyon thous'' LC
***Genus: ''Atelocynus''
**** Short-eared dog, ''Atelocynus microtis'' NT
***Genus: ''Speothos''
**** Bush dog, ''Speothos venaticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Chrysocyon''
**** Maned wolf, ''Chrysocyon brachyurus'' NT
***Genus: ''Urocyon''
**** Gray fox, ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' LC
**Family: Ursidae (bears)
***Genus: ''Tremarctos''
**** Spectacled bear, ''Tremarctos ornatus'' VU
**Family: Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies)
***Genus: ''Procyon (genus), Procyon''
**** Crab-eating raccoon, ''Procyon cancrivorus'' LC
***Genus: ''Nasua''
**** White-nosed coati, ''Nasua narica'' LC
**** South American coati, ''Nasua nasua'' LC
***Genus: ''Nasuella''
**** Eastern mountain coati, ''Nasuella meridensis'' EN
**** Western mountain coati, ''Nasuella olivacea'' NT
***Genus: ''Potos''
**** Kinkajou, ''Potos flavus'' LC
***Genus: ''Bassaricyon''
**** Bassaricyon alleni, Eastern lowland olingo, ''Bassaricyon alleni'' LC
**** Western lowland olingo, ''Bassaricyon medius'' LC
**** Olinguito, ''Bassaricyon neblina'' NT
**Family: Mustelidae (weasels, otters)
***Genus: ''Neogale''
**** Amazon weasel, ''Neogale africana'' LC
**** Colombian weasel, ''Neogale felipei'' VU
**** Long-tailed weasel, ''Neogale frenata'' LC
***Genus: ''Tayra, Eira''
**** Tayra, ''Eira barbara'' LC
***Genus: ''Galictis''
**** Lesser grison, ''Galictis cuja'' LC
**** Greater grison, ''Galictis vittata'' LC
***Genus: ''Lyncodon''
**** Patagonian weasel, ''Lyncodon patagonicus'' LC
***Genus: ''Lontra''
**** Marine otter, ''Lontra felina'' EN
**** Neotropical river otter, ''Lontra longicaudis'' NT
**** Southern river otter, ''Lontra provocax'' EN
***Genus: ''Pteronura''
**** Giant otter, ''Pteronura brasiliensis'' EN
**Family: Mephitidae (skunks)
***Genus: ''Conepatus''
**** Molina's hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus chinga'' LC
**** Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus humboldtii'' LC
**** Striped hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus semistriatus'' LC
**Clade: Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses)
***Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sea lions)
****Genus: ''Arctocephalus''
***** South American fur seal, ''Arctocephalus australis'' LC
***** Galápagos fur seal, ''Arctocephalus galapagoensis'' EN
***** Antarctic fur seal, ''Arctocephalus gazella'' LC
***** Juan Fernández fur seal, ''Arctocephalus philippii'' LC
***** Subantarctic fur seal, ''Arctocephalus tropicalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Otaria''
***** South American sea lion, ''Otaria flavescens'' LC
****Genus: ''Zalophus''
***** Galápagos sea lion, ''Zalophus wollebaeki'' EN
***Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
****Genus: ''Hydrurga''
***** Leopard seal, ''Hydrurga leptonyx'' LC
****Genus: ''Leptonychotes''
***** Weddell seal, ''Leptonychotes weddellii'' LC
****Genus: ''Lobodon''
***** Crabeater seal, ''Lobodon carcinophaga'' LC
****Genus: ''Mirounga''
***** Southern elephant seal, ''Mirounga leonina'' LC
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. Following the interchange with North America, South America's odd-toed ungulates included Equidae, equids of genus ''Equus (genus), Equus'' as well as tapirs. Equids died out in both North and South America around the time of the first arrival of humans, while tapirs died out in most of North America but survived in Central and South America. South America also once had a great diversity of Meridiungulata, ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that these orders comprise a sister group to the perissodactyls. If, as some evidence suggests, perissodactyls originated in India, both ungulate groups may have been of Gondwanan origin, despite being laurasiatheres.
*Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
**Genus: ''Tapirus''
*** Baird's tapir, ''Tapirus bairdii'' EN
*** Mountain tapir, ''Tapirus pinchaque'' EN
*** South American tapir, Lowland tapir, ''Tapirus terrestris'' VU
The weight of even-toed ungulates is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. South America's Talk:Great American Interchange#Cervid species/genera by continent, considerable cervid diversity belies their relatively recent arrival. The presence of camelids in South America but not North America today is ironic, given that they have a Camelid#Evolution, 45-million-year-long history in the latter continent (where they originated), and only a 3-million-year history in the former.
*Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
**Genus: ''Catagonus''
*** Chacoan peccary, ''Catagonus wagneri'' EN
**Genus: ''Dicotyles''
*** Collared peccary, ''Dicotyles tajacu'' LC
**Genus: ''Tayassu''
*** White-lipped peccary, ''Tayassu pecari'' VU
*Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
**Genus: ''Lama (genus), Lama''
*** Guanaco, ''Lama guanicoe'' LC
*** Vicuña, ''Lama vicugna'' LC
*Family: Cervidae (deer)
**Subfamily: Capreolinae
***Genus: ''Blastocerus''
**** Marsh deer, ''Blastocerus dichotomus'' VU
***Genus: ''Hippocamelus''
**** Taruca, ''Hippocamelus antisensis'' VU
**** South Andean deer, ''Hippocamelus bisulcus'' EN
***Genus: ''Brocket deer, Mazama''
**** Red brocket, ''Mazama americana'' DD
**** Small red brocket, ''Mazama bororo'' VU
**** Merida brocket, ''Mazama bricenii'' VU
**** Dwarf brocket, ''Mazama chunyi'' VU
**** Gray brocket, ''Mazama gouazoupira'' LC
**** Pygmy brocket, ''Mazama nana'' VU
**** Amazonian brown brocket, ''Mazama nemorivaga'' LC
**** Little red brocket, ''Mazama rufina'' VU
**** Central American red brocket, ''Mazama temama'' DD
***Genus: ''Odocoileus''
**** White-tailed deer, ''Odocoileus virginianus'' LC
***Genus: ''Ozotoceros''
**** Pampas deer, ''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Pudú''
**** Northern pudú, ''Pudu mephistophiles'' VU
**** Southern pudú, ''Pudu puda'' NT
**Subfamily: Cervinae
***Genus: ''Dama (genus), Dama''
**** European fallow deer, ''D. dama'' LC introduced
The infraorder Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully aquatic adaptation, adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the Hippopotamidae, hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.
*Parvorder: Mysticeti
**Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
***Genus: ''Eubalaena''
**** Southern right whale, ''Eubalaena australis'' LC
**Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
***Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
****Genus: ''Balaenoptera''
***** Common minke whale, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' LC
***** Antarctic minke whale, ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'' NT
***** Sei whale, ''Balaenoptera borealis'' EN
***** Bryde's whale, ''Balaenoptera brydei'' NE
***** Blue whale, ''Balaenoptera musculus'' EN
***** Fin whale, ''Balaenoptera physalus'' VU
***Subfamily: Megapterinae
****Genus: ''Megaptera''
***** Humpback whale, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' LC
**Family: Neobalaenidae
***Genus: ''Caperea''
**** Pygmy right whale, ''Caperea marginata'' LC
*Parvorder: Odontoceti
**Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
***Genus: ''Physeter''
**** Sperm whale, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' VU
**Family: Kogiidae (pygmy, dwarf sperm whales)
***Genus: ''Kogia''
**** Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps'' DD
**** Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima'' DD
**Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
***Genus: ''Ziphius''
**** Cuvier's beaked whale, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' LC
***Genus: ''Berardius''
**** Giant beaked whale, Arnoux's beaked whale, ''Berardius arnuxii'' DD
***Genus: ''Tasmacetus''
**** Shepherd's beaked whale, ''Tasmacetus shepherdi'' DD
***Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
****Genus: ''Hyperoodon''
***** Southern bottlenose whale, ''Hyperoodon planifrons'' LC
****Genus: ''Mesoplodon''
***** Andrews' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon bowdoini'' DD
***** Blainville's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' DD
***** Gervais' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon europaeus'' DD
***** Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon ginkgodens'' DD
***** Gray's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon grayi'' DD
***** Hector's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon hectori'' DD
***** Strap-toothed whale, ''Mesoplodon layardii'' DD
***** Pygmy beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon peruvianus'' DD
***** Spade-toothed whale, ''Mesoplodon traversii'' DD
**Superfamily: Inioidea (river dolphins)
***Family: Iniidae
****Genus: ''Inia''
***** Araguaian river dolphin, ''Inia araguaiaensis''
***** Amazon river dolphin, ''Inia geoffrensis'' EN
***** Bolivian river dolphin, ''Inia geoffrensis boliviensis''
***Family: Pontoporiidae
****Genus: ''La Plata dolphin, Pontoporia''
***** La Plata dolphin, ''Pontoporia blainvillei'' VU
**Superfamily: Delphinoidea
***Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
****Genus: ''Phocoena''
***** Spectacled porpoise, ''Phocoena dioptrica'' LC
***** Burmeister's porpoise, ''Phocoena spinipinnis'' NT
***Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
****Genus: ''Cephalorhynchus''
***** Commerson's dolphin, ''Cephalorhynchus commersonii'' LC
***** Chilean dolphin, ''Cephalorhynchus eutropia'' NT
****Genus: ''Steno (genus), Steno''
***** Rough-toothed dolphin, ''Steno bredanensis'' LC
****Genus: ''Sotalia''
***** Tucuxi, ''Sotalia fluviatilis'' DD
***** Guiana dolphin, ''Sotalia guianensis'' NT
****Genus: ''Tursiops''
***** Common bottlenose dolphin, ''Tursiops truncatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Stenella''
***** Pantropical spotted dolphin, ''Stenella attenuata'' LC
***** Clymene dolphin, ''Stenella clymene'' LC
***** Striped dolphin, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' LC
***** Atlantic spotted dolphin, ''Stenella frontalis'' LC
***** Spinner dolphin, ''Stenella longirostris'' LC
****Genus: ''Common dolphin, Delphinus''
***** Long-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus capensis'' DD
***** Short-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus delphis'' LC
****Genus: ''Lagenodelphis''
***** Fraser's dolphin, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' LC
****Genus: Lagenorhynchus
***** Peale's dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus australis'' DD
***** Hourglass dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus cruciger'' LC
***** Dusky dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus obscurus'' DD
****Genus: ''Lissodelphis''
***** Southern right whale dolphin, ''Lissodelphis peronii'' LC
****Genus: ''Risso's dolphin, Grampus''
***** Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus'' LC
****Genus: ''Feresa''
***** Pygmy killer whale, ''Feresa attenuata'' LC
****Genus: ''Orcinus''
***** Orca, ''Orcinus orca'' DD
****Genus: ''Pseudorca''
***** False killer whale, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' NT
****Genus: ''Globicephala''
***** Short-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus'' LC
***** Long-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala melas'' LC
****Genus: ''Peponocephala''
***** Melon-headed whale, ''Peponocephala electra'' LC
Google books link
*
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
The Class (biology), infraclass Metatheria includes all living and extinct marsupials, but also includes some related extinct orders of mammals that are no longer considered marsupials, such as Sparassodonta. At least six families of sparassodonts lived in South America prior to the interchange, dominating the niches for large mammalian carnivores. Marsupials are a collection of Pouch (marsupial), pouched mammals that was once more widely distributed. Today they are found primarily in isolated or formerly isolated continents of Gondwanan origin. South America's 22 extant genera compares with List of mammals of Central America#Infraclass: Metatheria, 10 in Central America, List of mammals of North America#Didelphimorphia, 1 in North America north of Mexico, List of monotremes and marsupials of Australia#Marsupialia (marsupials), 52 in Australia, List of mammals of Papua New Guinea#Infraclass: Metatheria, 28 in New Guinea and Sulawesi#Flora and fauna, 2 in Sulawesi. South American marsupials are Marsupial#Evolutionary history, thought to be ancestral to those of Australasian realm, Australasia.Superorder: Ameridelphia
= Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
= Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail. *Family: Didelphidae (American opossums) **Subfamily: Caluromyinae ***Genus: ''Caluromys'' **** Derby's woolly opossum, ''C. derbianus'' LC **** Brown-eared woolly opossum, ''C. lanatus'' LC **** Bare-tailed woolly opossum, ''C. philander'' LC ***Genus: ''Caluromysiops'' **** Black-shouldered opossum, ''Caluromysiops irrupta'' LC **Subfamily: Glironiinae ***Genus: ''Glironia'' **** Bushy-tailed opossum, ''Glironia venusta'' LC **Subfamily: Hyladelphinae ***Genus: ''Hyladelphys'' **** Kalinowski's mouse opossum, ''Hyladelphys kalinowskii'' LC **Subfamily: Didelphinae *** Genus ''Chacodelphys'' **** Chacoan pygmy opossum, ''Chacodelphys formosa'' VU ***Genus: ''Chironectes'' **** Water opossum, ''Chironectes minimus'' LC *** Genus ''Cryptonanus'' **** Agricola's gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus agricolai'' DD **** Chacoan gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus chacoensis'' LC **** Guahiba gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus guahybae'' DD **** Unduavi gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus unduaviensis'' DD ***Genus: ''Didelphis'' **** White-eared opossum, ''Didelphis albiventris'' LC **** Big-eared opossum, ''Didelphis aurita'' LC **** Guianan white-eared opossum, ''Didelphis imperfecta'' LC **** Common opossum, ''Didelphis marsupialis'' LC **** Andean white-eared opossum, ''Didelphis pernigra'' LC ***Genus: ''Gracilinanus'' **** Aceramarca gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus aceramarcae'' LC **** Agile gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus agilis'' LC **** Wood sprite gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus dryas'' NT **** Emilia's gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus emiliae'' DD **** Northern gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus marica'' LC **** Brazilian gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus microtarsus'' LC ***Genus: ''Lestodelphys'' **** Patagonian opossum, ''Lestodelphys halli'' LC ***Genus: ''Lutreolina'' **** Big lutrine opossum, ''Lutreolina crassicaudata'' LC **** Massoia's lutrine opossum, ''Lutreolina massoia'' LC ***Genus: ''Marmosa'' ****Subgenus: ''Eomarmosa'' ***** Red mouse opossum, ''Marmosa rubra'' DD ****Subgenus: ''Exulomarmosa'' ***** Isthmian mouse opossum, ''Marmosa isthmica'' ***** Robinson's mouse opossum, ''Marmosa robinsoni'' LC ***** ''Marmosa simonsi'' ***** Guajira mouse opossum, ''Marmosa xerophila'' VU ***** ''Marmosa zeledoni'' ****Subgenus: ''Marmosa'' ***** Quechuan mouse opossum, ''Marmosa macrotarsus'' LC ***** Linnaeus's mouse opossum, ''Marmosa murina'' LC ***** Tyler's mouse opossum, ''Marmosa tyleriana'' DD ***** ''Marmosa waterhousei'' ****Subgenus: ''Micoureus'' ***** Alston's mouse opossum, ''Marmosa alstoni'' LC ***** White-bellied woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa constantiae'' LC ***** Woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa demerarae'' LC ***** Tate's woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa paraguayana'' LC ***** Little woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa phaea'' VU ***** Bare-tailed woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa regina'' LC ****Subgenus: ''Stegomarmosa'' ***** Heavy-browed mouse opossum, ''Marmosa andersoni'' DD ***** Rufous mouse opossum, ''Marmosa lepida'' LC ***Genus: ''Marmosops'' **** Bishop's slender opossum, ''Marmosops bishopi'' LC **** ''Marmosops caucae'' **** Narrow-headed slender opossum, ''Marmosops cracens'' DD **** Creighton's slender opossum, ''Marmosops creightoni'' DD **** Dusky slender opossum, ''Marmosops fuscatus'' DD **** Handley's slender opossum, ''Marmosops handleyi'' CR **** Tschudi's slender opossum, ''Marmosops impavidus'' LC **** Gray slender opossum, ''Marmosops incanus'' LC **** Junin slender opossum, ''Marmosops juninensis'' VU **** Neblina slender opossum, ''Marmosops neblina'' LC **** White-bellied slender opossum, ''Marmosops noctivagus'' LC **** Dorothy's slender opossum, ''Marmosops ocellatus'' LC **** Delicate slender opossum, ''Marmosops parvidens'' LC **** Brazilian slender opossum, ''Marmosops paulensis'' LC **** Pinheiro's slender opossum, ''Marmosops pinheiroi'' LC ***Genus: ''Metachirus'' **** Brown four-eyed opossum, ''Metachirus nudicaudatus'' LC ***Genus: ''Monodelphis'' **** Sepia short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis adusta'' LC **** Northern three-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis americana'' LC **** ''Monodelphis arlindoi'' **** Northern red-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis brevicaudata'' LC **** Yellow-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis dimidiata'' LC **** Gray short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis domestica'' LC **** Emilia's short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis emiliae'' LC **** ''Monodelphis gardneri'' **** Amazonian red-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis glirina'' LC **** ''Monodelphis handleyi'' **** Ihering's three-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis iheringi'' DD **** Pygmy short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis kunsi'' LC **** Marajó short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis maraxina'' DD **** Osgood's short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis osgoodi'' LC **** Hooded red-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis palliolata'' LC **** ''Monodelphis peruviana'' **** Reig's opossum, ''Monodelphis reigi'' VU **** Ronald's opossum, ''Monodelphis ronaldi'' LC **** Chestnut-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis rubida'' DD **** ''Monodelphis sanctaerosae'' **** Long-nosed short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis scalops'' LC **** Southern red-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis sorex'' LC **** Southern three-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis theresa'' DD **** ''Monodelphis touan'' **** Red three-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis umbristriata'' VU **** One-striped opossum, ''Monodelphis unistriata'' DD ***Genus: ''Philander (mammal), Philander'' **** Anderson's four-eyed opossum, ''Philander andersoni'' LC **** Deltaic four-eyed opossum, ''Philander deltae'' LC **** Southeastern four-eyed opossum, ''Philander frenata'' LC **** McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum, ''Philander mcilhennyi'' LC **** Mondolfi's four-eyed opossum, ''Philander mondolfii'' LC **** Olrog's four-eyed opossum, ''Philander olrogi'' **** Gray four-eyed opossum, ''Philander opossum'' LC ***Genus: ''Thylamys'' **** Cinderella fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys cinderella'' LC **** ''Thylamys citellus'' **** Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys elegans'' LC **** Karimi's fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys karimii'' VU **** Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys macrura'' NT **** White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys pallidior'' LC **** ''Thylamys pulchellus'' **** Common fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys pusillus'' LC **** Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys sponsorius'' LC **** Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys tatei'' DD **** Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys velutinus'' LC **** Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum, ''Thylamys venustus'' DD=Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)
=
There are six extant taxon, extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.
*Family: Caenolestidae
**Genus: ''Caenolestes''
*** Gray-bellied caenolestid, ''Caenolestes caniventer'' NT
*** Andean caenolestid, ''Caenolestes condorensis'' VU
*** Northern caenolestid, ''Caenolestes convelatus'' VU
*** Dusky caenolestid, ''Caenolestes fuliginosus'' LC
*** Eastern caenolestid, ''Caenolestes sangay'' VU
**Genus: ''Lestoros''
*** Incan caenolestid, ''Lestoros inca'' LC
**Genus: ''Rhyncholestes''
*** Long-nosed caenolestid, ''Rhyncholestes raphanurus'' NT
Superorder: Australidelphia
= Order: Microbiotheria (monito del monte)
= The monito del monte of Chile and Argentina is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, Microbiotheria. It appears to be more closely related to Australidelphia, Australian marsupials than to Ameridelphia, other Neotropic marsupials; this is a reflection of the South American origin of all Australasian marsupials. *Family: Microbiotheriidae **Genus: ''Dromiciops'' *** Monito del monte, ''Dromiciops gliroides'' NTInfraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Afrotheria
=Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
=
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. They evolved about 50 million years ago, and their closest living relatives are elephants. The manatees are the only extant afrotherians in the Americas. However, a number Proboscidea, proboscid species, some of which survived until the arrival of Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians, once inhabited the region. Those that reached South America have usually been classified as gomphotheres, but sometimes instead as Elephantidae, elephantids.
*Family: Trichechidae
**Genus: ''Trichechus''
*** Amazonian manatee, ''T. inunguis''
*** West Indian manatee, ''T. manatus''
Superorder: Xenarthra
=Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
=
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. All 21 extant species are found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the Pampatheriidae, pampatheres and Glyptodontidae, glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.
*Family: Dasypodidae (long-nosed armadillos)
**Subfamily: Dasypodinae
***Genus: ''Dasypus''
**** Southern long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus hybridus'' NT
**** Greater long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus kappleri'' LC
**** Nine-banded armadillo, ''Dasypus novemcinctus'' LC
**** Hairy long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus pilosus'' VU
**** Llanos long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus sabanicola'' LC
**** Seven-banded armadillo, ''Dasypus septemcinctus'' LC
**** Yepes's mulita, ''Dasypus yepesi'' DD
*Family: Chlamyphoridae (armadillos)
**Subfamily Chlamyphorinae
***Genus: ''Calyptophractus''
**** Greater fairy armadillo, ''Calyptophractus retusus'' DD
***Genus: ''Chlamyphorus''
**** Pink fairy armadillo, ''Chlamyphorus truncatus'' DD
**Subfamily: Euphractinae
***Genus: ''Chaetophractus''
**** Andean hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus nationi'' VU
**** Screaming hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus vellerosus'' LC
**** Big hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus villosus'' LC
***Genus: ''Euphractus''
**** Six-banded armadillo, ''Euphractus sexcinctus'' LC
***Genus: ''Zaedyus''
**** Pichi, ''Zaedyus pichiy'' NT
**Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
***Genus: ''Cabassous''
**** Northern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous centralis'' DD
**** Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous chacoensis'' NT
**** Greater naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous tatouay'' LC
**** Southern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous unicinctus'' LC
***Genus: ''Priodontes''
**** Giant armadillo, ''Priodontes maximus'' VU
***Genus: ''Tolypeutes''
**** Southern three-banded armadillo, ''Tolypeutes matacus'' NT
**** Brazilian three-banded armadillo, ''Tolypeutes tricinctus'' VU
=Order: Pilosa (sloths and anteaters)
= The order Pilosa is confined to the Americas and contains the sloth, tree sloths and anteaters (which include the tamanduas). All 5 extant genera and 9 of 10 extant species are present in South America, the ancestral home of the group. (The exception is the pygmy three-toed sloth, endemic to an island off Panama.) Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as Pilosans of the Caribbean, on the Antilles. (Some west coastal South American forms had even evolved into Thalassocnus, marine sloths.) All of these went extinct following the arrival of humans. Extant tree sloths fall into two groups that are not closely related, and which do not form a clade; two-toed sloths are much more closely related to some extinct ground sloths than to three-toed sloths. *Suborder: Folivora **Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths) ***Genus: ''Bradypus'' **** Maned sloth, ''Bradypus torquatus'' VU **** Pale-throated sloth, ''Bradypus tridactylus'' LC **** Brown-throated sloth, ''Bradypus variegatus'' LC **Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths) ***Genus: ''Choloepus'' **** Linnaeus's two-toed sloth, ''Choloepus didactylus'' LC **** Hoffmann's two-toed sloth, ''Choloepus hoffmanni'' LC *Suborder: Vermilingua **Family: Cyclopedidae ***Genus: ''Cyclopes (genus), Cyclopes'' (silky anteaters) **** ''Cyclopes catellus'' NE **** ''Cyclopes didactylus'' LC **** ''Cyclopes dorsalis'' NE **** ''Cyclopes ida'' NE **** ''Cyclopes rufus'' NE **** ''Cyclopes thomasi'' NE **** ''Cyclopes xinguensis'' NE **Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters) ***Genus: ''Myrmecophaga'' **** Giant anteater, ''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'' VU ***Genus: ''Tamandua'' **** Northern tamandua, ''Tamandua mexicana'' LC **** Southern tamandua, ''Tamandua tetradactyla'' LCSuperorder: Euarchontoglires
=Order: Primates
=
The order Primates includes the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided into four main groupings: Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, tarsiers, New World monkey, monkeys of the New World (Order (biology), parvorder Platyrrhini), and Catarrhini, monkeys and apes of the Old World. South America's 20 genera of nonhuman primates compares with List of mammals of Central America#Order: Primates, 6 in Central America, List of mammals of Madagascar#Order: Primates, 15 in Madagascar, List of placental mammals in Order Primates, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. All South American monkeys are believed to be descended from ancestors that Oceanic dispersal, rafted over from Africa about 25 million years ago in a single dispersal event.
*Suborder: Haplorrhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
***Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
****Family: Aotidae (night monkeys)
*****Genus: ''Night monkey, Aotus''
****** Azara's night monkey, ''Aotus azarae'' LC
****** Brumback's night monkey, ''Aotus brumbacki'' VU
****** Gray-handed night monkey, ''Aotus griseimembra'' VU
****** Hernández-Camacho's night monkey, ''Aotus jorgehernandezi'' DD
****** Gray-bellied night monkey, ''Aotus lemurinus'' VU
****** Peruvian night monkey, ''Aotus miconax'' VU
****** Nancy Ma's night monkey, ''Aotus nancymaae'' LC
****** Black-headed night monkey, ''Aotus nigriceps'' LC
****** Three-striped night monkey, ''Aotus trivirgatus'' LC
****** Spix's night monkey, ''Aotus vociferans'' LC
****** Panamanian night monkey, ''Aotus zonalis'' DD
****Family: Callitrichidae
*****Genus: ''Callibella''
****** Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, ''Callibella humilis'' VU
*****Genus: ''Cebuella''
****** Pygmy marmoset, ''Cebuella pygmaea'' LC
*****Genus: ''Callithrix''
****** Buffy-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix aurita'' VU
****** Buffy-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix flaviceps'' EN
****** White-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix geoffroyi'' LC
****** Common marmoset, ''Callithrix jacchus'' LC
****** Wied's marmoset, ''Callithrix kuhlii'' NT
****** Black-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix penicillata'' LC
*****Genus: ''Mico (genus), Mico''
****** Rio Acari marmoset, ''Mico acariensis'' DD
****** Silvery marmoset, ''Mico argentatus'' LC
****** Gold-and-white marmoset, ''Mico chrysoleucus'' DD
****** Emilia's marmoset, ''Mico emiliae'' DD
****** Santarem marmoset, ''Mico humeralifer'' DD
****** Hershkovitz's marmoset, ''Mico intermedius'' LC
****** White marmoset, ''Mico leucippe'' VU
****** Manicore marmoset, ''Mico manicorensis'' LC
****** Marca's marmoset, ''Mico marcai'' DD
****** Maués marmoset, ''Mico mauesi'' LC
****** Black-tailed marmoset, ''Mico melanurus'' LC
****** Black-headed marmoset, ''Mico nigriceps'' DD
****** Rondon's marmoset, ''Mico rondoni'' VU
****** Satéré marmoset, ''Mico saterei'' LC
*****Genus: ''Callimico''
****** Goeldi's marmoset, ''Callimico goeldii'' VU
*****Genus: ''Leontopithecus''
****** Superagui lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus caissara'' CR
****** Golden-headed lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus chrysomelas'' EN
****** Black lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus chrysopygus'' EN
****** Golden lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus rosalia'' EN
*****Genus: ''Saguinus''
****** Pied tamarin, ''Saguinus bicolor'' EN
****** Brown-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus fuscicollis'' LC
****** Geoffroy's tamarin, ''Saguinus geoffroyi'' LC
****** Graells's tamarin, ''Saguinus graellsi'' NT
****** Emperor tamarin, ''Saguinus imperator'' LC
****** Mottle-faced tamarin, ''Saguinus inustus'' LC
****** White-lipped tamarin, ''Saguinus labiatus'' LC
****** White-footed tamarin, ''Saguinus leucopus'' EN
****** Martins's tamarin, ''Saguinus martinsi'' LC
****** White-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus melanoleucus'' LC
****** Red-handed tamarin, ''Saguinus midas'' LC
****** Moustached tamarin, ''Saguinus mystax'' LC
****** Black tamarin, ''Saguinus niger'' VU
****** Black-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus nigricollis'' LC
****** Cottontop tamarin, ''Saguinus oedipus'' CR
****** Red-capped tamarin, ''Saguinus pileatus'' LC
****** Golden-mantled tamarin, ''Saguinus tripartitus'' NT
****Family: Cebidae
*****Subfamily: Cebinae
******Genus: ''Cebus''
******* Ecuadorian capuchin, ''Cebus aequatorialis'' CR
******* White-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus albifrons'' LC
******* Brown weeper capuchin, ''Cebus brunneus'' LC
******* Colombian white-headed capuchin, ''Cebus capucinus'' LC
******* Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus cesarae'' DD
******* Shock-headed capuchin, ''Cebus cuscinus'' NT
******* Kaapori capuchin, ''Cebus kaapori'' CR
******* Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus leucocephalus'' NE
******* Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus malitiosus'' EN
******* Wedge-capped capuchin, ''Cebus olivaceus'' LC
******* Spix's white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus unicolor'' NE
******* Varied white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus versicolor'' EN
******* Marañón white-fronted capuchin, ''Cebus yuracus'' NE
******Genus: ''Sapajus''
******* Tufted capuchin, ''Sapajus apella'' LC
******* Azaras's capuchin, ''Sapajus cay'' LC
******* Blond capuchin, ''Sapajus flavius'' CR
******* Black-striped capuchin, ''Sapajus libidinosus'' LC
******* Large-headed capuchin, ''Sapajus macrocephalus'' LC
******* Black capuchin, ''Sapajus nigritus'' NT
******* Crested capuchin, ''Sapajus robustus'' EN
******* Golden-bellied capuchin, ''Sapajus xanthosternos'' CR
*****Subfamily: Saimiriinae
******Genus: ''Saimiri''
******* Black-capped squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri boliviensis'' LC
******* Humboldt's squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri cassiquiarensis''
******* Collins' squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri collinsii''
******* Guianan squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri sciureus'' LC
******* Bare-eared squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri ustus'' NT
******* Black squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri vanzolinii'' VU
****Family: Atelidae
*****Subfamily: Alouattinae
******Genus: ''Alouatta''
******* Ursine howler, ''Alouatta arctoidea'' LC
******* Red-handed howler, ''Alouatta belzebul'' VU
******* Black howler, ''Alouatta caraya'' LC
******* Spix's red-handed howler, ''Alouatta discolor'' VU
******* Brown howler, ''Alouatta guariba'' LC
******* Juruá red howler, ''Alouatta juara'' LC
******* Guyanan red howler, ''Alouatta macconnelli'' LC
******* Amazon black howler, ''Alouatta nigerrima'' LC
******* Mantled howler, ''Alouatta palliata'' LC
******* Purus red howler, ''Alouatta puruensis'' LC
******* Bolivian red howler, ''Alouatta sara'' LC
******* Venezuelan red howler, ''Alouatta seniculus'' LC
******* Maranhão red-handed howler, ''Alouatta ululata'' EN
*****Subfamily: Atelinae
******Genus: ''Ateles''
******* White-fronted spider monkey, ''Ateles belzebuth'' EN
******* Peruvian spider monkey, ''Ateles chamek'' EN
******* Black-headed spider monkey, ''Ateles fusciceps'' CR
******* Geoffroy's spider monkey, ''Ateles geoffroyi'' EN
******* Brown spider monkey, ''Ateles hybridus'' CR
******* White-cheeked spider monkey, ''Ateles marginatus'' EN
******* Red-faced spider monkey, ''Ateles paniscus'' VU
******Genus: ''Brachyteles''
******* Southern muriqui, ''Brachyteles arachnoides'' EN
******* Northern muriqui, ''Brachyteles hypoxanthus'' CR
******Genus: ''Lagothrix''
******* Gray woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix cana'' EN
******* Brown woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix lagothricha'' VU
******* Colombian woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix lugens'' CR
******* Silvery woolly monkey, ''Lagothrix poeppigii'' VU
******Genus: ''Oreonax''
******* Yellow-tailed woolly monkey, ''Oreonax flavicauda'' CR
****Family: Pitheciidae
*****Subfamily: Callicebinae
******Genus: ''Cheracebus''
******* Lucifer titi, ''Cheracebus lucifer'' LC
******* Black titi, ''Cheracebus lugens'' LC
******* Colombian black-handed titi, ''Cheracebus medemi'' VU
******* Rio Purus titi, ''Cheracebus purinus'' LC
******* Red-headed titi, ''Cheracebus regulus'' LC
******* Collared titi, ''Cheracebus torquatus'' LC
******Genus: ''Callicebus''
******* Barbara Brown's titi, ''Plecturocebus barbarabrownae'' CR
******* Coimbra Filho's titi, ''Callicebus coimbrai'' EN
******* Coastal black-handed titi, ''Callicebus melanochir'' VU
******* Black-fronted titi, ''Callicebus nigrifrons'' NT
******* Atlantic titi, ''Callicebus personatus'' VU
******Genus: ''Plecturocebus''
******* Madidi titi, ''Plecturocebus aureipalatii'' LC
******* Baptista Lake titi, ''Plecturocebus baptista'' LC
******* Prince Bernhard's titi, ''Plecturocebus bernhardi'' LC
******* Brown titi, ''Plecturocebus brunneus'' LC
******* Chestnut-bellied titi, ''Plecturocebus caligatus'' LC
******* Caquetá titi, ''Plecturocebus caquetensis'' CR
******* Ashy black titi, ''Plecturocebus cinerascens'' LC
******* Coppery titi, ''Plecturocebus cupreus'' LC
******* White-tailed titi, ''Plecturocebus discolor'' LC
******* White-eared titi, ''Plecturocebus donacophilus'' LC
******* Hershkovitz's titi, ''Plecturocebus dubius'' LC
******* Alta Floresta titi, ''Plecturocebus groves''
******* Hoffmanns's titi, ''Plecturocebus hoffmannsi'' LC
******* Milton's titi, ''Plecturocebus miltoni'' NE
******* Rio Beni titi, ''Plecturocebus modestus'' EN
******* Red-bellied titi, ''Plecturocebus moloch'' LC
******* Rio Mayo titi, ''Plecturocebus oenanthe'' EN
******* Ollala brothers' titi, ''Plecturocebus olallae'' EN
******* Ornate titi, ''Plecturocebus ornatus'' VU
******* White-coated titi, ''Plecturocebus pallescens'' LC
******* Stephen Nash's titi, ''Plecturocebus stephennashi'' DD
******* Urubamba brown titi, ''Plecturocebus urubambensis'' NE
******* Vieira's titi, ''Plecturocebus vieirai'' NE
*****Subfamily: Pitheciinae
******Genus: ''Pithecia''
******* Equatorial saki, ''Pithecia aequatorialis'' LC
******* White-footed saki, ''Pithecia albicans'' VU
******* Cazuza's saki, ''Pithecia cazuzai'' NE
******* Golden-faced saki, ''Pithecia chrysocephala'' LC
******* Hairy saki, ''Pithecia hirsuta'' NE
******* Burnished saki, ''Pithecia inusta'' NE
******* Rio Tapajós saki, ''Pithecia irrorata'' NE
******* Isabel's saki, ''Pithecia isabela'' NE
******* Monk saki, ''Pithecia monachus'' NE
******* Miller's saki, ''Pithecia milleri'' DD
******* Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, ''Pithecia mittermeieri'' NE
******* Napo saki, ''Pithecia napensis'' DD
******* White-faced saki, ''Pithecia pithecia'' LC
******* Pissinatti’s bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia pissinattii'' NE
******* Rylands' bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia rylandsi'' NE
******* Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, ''Pithecia vanzolinii'' DD
******Genus: ''Chiropotes''
******* White-nosed saki, ''Chiropotes albinasus'' EN
******* Red-backed bearded saki, ''Chiropotes chiropotes'' LC
******* Brown-backed bearded saki, ''Chiropotes israelita''
******* Black bearded saki, ''Chiropotes satanas'' CR
******* Uta Hick's bearded saki, ''Chiropotes utahicki'' EN
******Genus: ''Cacajao''
******* Aracá uakari, ''Cacajao ayresii'' VU
******* Bald uakari, ''Cacajao calvus'' VU
******* Neblina uakari, ''Cacajao hosomi'' VU
******* Golden-backed uakari, ''Cacajao melanocephalus'' LC
=Order: Rodentia (rodents)
=
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small, although the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb). South America's rodent fauna today is largely an outgrowth of two spectacularly fortunate ancient "sweepstakes" Biological dispersal, dispersal events, each of which was followed by explosive Speciation, diversification. Caviomorpha, Caviomorphs, the first rodents to reach the continent, are believed to have washed ashore after Oceanic dispersal, rafting across the Atlantic from Africa over 30 million years ago. More recently, ancestral Sigmodontinae, sigmodontine rodents apparently island hopping, island-hopped from Central America 5 million or more years ago, prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, Panamanian land bridge. These two groups now comprise 36% and 60%, respectively, of all South American rodent species. The corresponding figures are 10% and 27% List of mammals of Central America#Order: Rodentia (rodents), for Central America, 2% and 10% List of mammals of Mexico#Order: Rodentia (rodents), for Mexico, 0.5% and 3% List of mammals of North America#Rodents, for North America north of Mexico, and 72% and 27% for recent endemic List of rodents of the Caribbean, Caribbean rodents. Conversely, Sciuridae, sciurids make up 3% of rodents in South America, 8% in Central America, 15% in Mexico and 31% in North America north of Mexico, while Castorimorpha, castorimorphs are 1%, 16%, 26% and 28%, respectively. Sciurids are absent from South America's southern cone, while castorimorphs are only present in northwest South America (Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador). Illustrating the advantage of gaining a head start in colonizing a new land mass, sigmodontine rodents comprise 99.5% of all Cricetidae, cricetid rodents in South America, but only 42% in Central America, 17% in Mexico and 7% in North America north of Mexico.
*Suborder: Hystricomorpha
**Parvorder Caviomorpha
***Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
****Subfamily: Chaetomyinae
*****Genus: ''Chaetomys''
****** Bristle-spined rat, ''Chaetomys subspinosus'' VU
****Subfamily: Erethizontinae
*****Genus: ''Coendou''
****** Baturite porcupine, ''Coendou baturitensis''
****** Bicolored-spined porcupine, ''Coendou bicolor'' LC
****** Streaked dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou ichillus'' DD
****** Bahia porcupine, ''Coendou insidiosus'' LC
****** Black-tailed hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou melanurus'' LC
****** Black dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou nycthemera'' DD
****** Brazilian porcupine, ''Coendou prehensilis'' LC
****** Frosted hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou pruinosus'' LC
****** Andean porcupine, ''Coendou quichua'' DD
****** Roosmalen's dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou roosmalenorum'' DD
****** Rothschild's porcupine, ''Coendou rothschildi'' DD
****** Stump-tailed porcupine, ''Coendou rufescens'' LC
****** Santa Marta porcupine, ''Coendou sanctamartae'' DD
****** Dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou speratus'' EN
****** Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou spinosus'' LC
****** Brown hairy dwarf porcupine, ''Coendou vestitus'' DD
***Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
****Genus: ''Chinchilla''
***** Short-tailed chinchilla, ''Chinchilla chinchilla'' CR
***** Long-tailed chinchilla, ''Chinchilla lanigera'' CR
****Genus: ''Lagidium''
***** ''Lagidium ahuacaense''
***** Northern viscacha, ''Lagidium peruanum'' LC
***** Southern viscacha, ''Lagidium viscacia'' LC
***** Wolffsohn's viscacha, ''Lagidium wolffsohni'' DD
****Genus: ''Lagostomus''
***** Plains viscacha, ''Lagostomus maximus'' LC
***Family: Dinomyidae (pacarana)
****Genus: ''Dinomys''
***** Pacarana, ''Dinomys branickii'' VU
***Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs and cavies)
****Subfamily: Caviinae
*****Genus: ''Cavia''
****** Brazilian guinea pig, ''Cavia aperea'' LC
****** Shiny guinea pig, ''Cavia fulgida'' LC
****** Santa Catarina's guinea pig, ''Cavia intermedia'' CR
****** Greater guinea pig, ''Cavia magna'' LC
****** Montane guinea pig, ''Cavia tschudii'' LC
*****Genus: ''Galea (genus), Galea''
****** Southern highland yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea comes'' DD
****** Brazilian yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea flavidens'' LC
****** Lowland yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea leucoblephara'' LC
****** Common yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea musteloides'' LC
******* Muenster yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea m. monasteriensis'' NE
****** Spix's yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea spixii'' LC
*****Genus: ''Microcavia''
****** Southern mountain cavy, ''Microcavia australis'' LC
****** Andean mountain cavy, ''Microcavia niata'' LC
****** Shipton's mountain cavy, ''Microcavia shiptoni'' NT
****Subfamily: Dolichotinae
*****Genus: ''Dolichotis''
****** Patagonian mara, ''Dolichotis patagonum'' NT
****** Chacoan mara, ''Dolichotis salinicola'' LC
****Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae (capybaras and rock cavies)
*****Genus: ''Hydrochoerus''
****** Capybara, ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'' LC
****** Lesser capybara, ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' DD
*****Genus: ''Kerodon''
****** Acrobatic cavy, ''Kerodon acrobata'' DD
****** Rock cavy, ''Kerodon rupestris'' LC
***Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and acouchis)
****Genus: ''Dasyprocta''
***** Azara's agouti, ''Dasyprocta azarae'' DD
***** Crested agouti, ''Dasyprocta cristata'' DD
***** Black agouti, ''Dasyprocta fuliginosa'' LC
***** Orinoco agouti, ''Dasyprocta guamara'' NT
***** Kalinowski's agouti, ''Dasyprocta kalinowskii'' DD
***** Red-rumped agouti, ''Dasyprocta leporina'' LC
***** Black-rumped agouti, ''Dasyprocta prymnolopha'' LC
***** Central American agouti, ''Dasyprocta punctata'' LC
****Genus: ''Myoprocta''
***** Red acouchi, ''Myoprocta acouchy'' LC
***** Green acouchi, ''Myoprocta pratti'' LC
***Family: Paca, Cuniculidae
****Genus: ''Paca, Cuniculus''
***** ''Cuniculus hernandezi''
***** Lowland paca, ''Cuniculus paca'' LC
***** Mountain paca, ''Cuniculus taczanowskii'' NT
***Family: Ctenomyidae (tuco-tucos)
****Genus: ''Ctenomys''
***** Argentine tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys argentinus'' NT
***** Southern tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys australis'' EN
***** Azara's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys azarae'' VU
***** Berg's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys bergi'' VU
***** Bolivian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys boliviensis'' LC
***** Bonetto's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys bonettoi'' EN
***** Brazilian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys brasiliensis'' DD
***** Budin's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys budini'' DD
***** Colburn's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys colburni'' DD
***** Puntilla tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys coludo'' DD
***** Conover's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys conoveri'' LC
***** Coyhaique tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys coyhaiquensis'' DD
***** D'Orbigny's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys dorbignyi'' NT
***** Chacoan tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys dorsalis'' DD
***** Emily's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys emilianus'' NT
***** Famatina tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys famosus'' DD
***** Flamarion's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys flamarioni'' EN
***** Foch's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fochi'' DD
***** Lago Blanco tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fodax'' DD
***** Reddish tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys frater'' LC
***** Tawny tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fulvus'' LC
***** Goodfellow's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys goodfellowi'' LC
***** Haig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys haigi'' LC
***** San Juan tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys johannis'' DD
***** Jujuy tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys juris'' DD
***** Catamarca tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys knighti'' DD
***** Lami tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys lami'' VU
***** Mottled tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys latro'' VU
***** White-toothed tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys leucodon'' LC
***** Lewis's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys lewisi'' LC
***** Magellanic tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys magellanicus'' VU
***** Maule tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys maulinus'' LC
***** Mendoza tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys mendocinus'' LC
***** Tiny tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys minutus'' DD
***** Furtive tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys occultus'' EN
***** Highland tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys opimus'' LC
***** Reig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys osvaldoreigi'' CR
***** ''Ctenomys paraguayensis''
***** Pearson's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pearsoni'' NT
***** Goya tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys perrensi'' LC
***** Peruvian tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys peruanus'' LC
***** Pilar tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pilarensis'' EN
***** San Luis tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pontifex'' DD
***** Porteous's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys porteousi'' NT
***** Pundt's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pundti'' VU
***** Rio Negro tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys rionegrensis'' EN
***** Roig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys roigi'' CR
***** Salta tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys saltarius'' DD
***** Scaglia's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys scagliai'' DD
***** Silky tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sericeus'' DD
***** Social tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sociabilis'' CR
***** Steinbach's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys steinbachi'' LC
***** Forest tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sylvanus'' DD
***** Talas tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys talarum'' LC
***** Collared tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys torquatus'' LC
***** Robust tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tuconax'' DD
***** Tucuman tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tucumanus'' DD
***** Sierra Tontal tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tulduco'' DD
***** Strong tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys validus'' DD
***** Vipos tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys viperinus'' DD
***** Yolanda's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys yolandae'' DD
***Family: Octodontidae
****Genus: ''Aconaemys''
***** Chilean rock rat, ''Aconaemys fuscus'' LC
***** Porter's rock rat, ''Aconaemys porteri'' DD
***** Sage's rock rat, ''Aconaemys sagei'' DD
****Genus: ''Octodon''
***** Bridges's degu, ''Octodon bridgesi'' VU
***** Common degu, ''Octodon degus'' LC
***** Moon-toothed degu, ''Octodon lunatus'' VU
***** Pacific degu, ''Octodon pacificus'' CR
****Genus: ''Octodontomys''
***** Mountain degu, ''Octodontomys gliroides'' LC
****Genus: ''Octomys''
***** Mountain viscacha rat, ''Octomys mimax'' LC
****Genus: ''Pipanacoctomys''
*****Golden viscacha rat, ''Pipanacoctomys aureus'' CR
****Genus: ''Spalacopus''
***** Coruro, ''Spalacopus cyanus'' LC
****Genus: ''Tympanoctomys''
***** Plains viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys barrerae'' NT
***** Kirchner's viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum'' DD
*****Chalchalero viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum'' CR
***Family: Abrocomidae
****Genus: ''Abrocoma''
***** Bennett's chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma bennettii'' LC
***** Bolivian chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma boliviensis'' CR
***** Budin's chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma budini'' DD
***** Ashy chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma cinerea'' LC
***** Famatina chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma famatina'' DD
***** Sierra del Tontal chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma schistacea'' DD
***** Uspallata chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma uspallata'' DD
***** Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat, ''Abrocoma vaccarum'' DD
***Family: Echimyidae (spiny rats and allies)
****Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
*****Genus: ''Kannabateomys''
****** Atlantic bamboo rat, ''Kannabateomys amblyonyx'' LC
*****Genus: ''Dactylomys''
****** Bolivian bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys boliviensis'' LC
****** Amazon bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys dactylinus'' LC
****** Montane bamboo rat, ''Dactylomys peruanus'' DD
*****Genus: ''Olallamys''
****** White-tailed olalla rat, ''Olallamys albicauda'' DD
****** Greedy olalla rat, ''Olallamys edax'' DD
****Subfamily: Echimyinae
*****Genus: ''Callistomys''
****** Painted tree-rat, ''Callistomys pictus'' EN
*****Genus: ''Diplomys''
****** Colombian soft-furred spiny rat, ''Diplomys caniceps'' DD
****** Rufous soft-furred spiny rat, ''Diplomys labilis'' LC
*****Genus: ''Echimys''
****** White-faced spiny tree-rat, ''Echimys chrysurus'' LC
****** Dark spiny tree-rat, ''Echimys saturnus'' DD
****** ''Echimys vieirai'' DD
*****Genus: ''Isothrix''
****** ''Isothrix barbarabrownae'' DD
****** Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix bistriata'' LC
****** Rio Negro brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix negrensis'' LC
****** Plain brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix pagurus'' LC
****** Sinnamary brush-tailed rat, ''Isothrix sinnamariensis'' LC
*****Genus: ''Makalata''
****** ''Makalata castaneus''
****** Brazilian spiny tree-rat, ''Makalata didelphoides'' LC
****** ''Makalata handleyi''
****** ''Makalata guianae''
****** ''Makalata longirostris''
****** Long-tailed armored tree-rat, ''Makalata macrura'' LC
****** Dusky spiny tree-rat, ''Makalata obscura'' DD
****** Peruvian tree-rat, ''Makalata rhipidura'' DD
*****Genus: ''Pattonomys''
****** Bare-tailed armored tree-rat, ''Pattonomys occasius'' DD
****** Speckled spiny tree-rat, ''Pattonomys semivillosus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Phyllomys''
****** Golden Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys blainvilii'' LC
****** Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys brasiliensis'' EN
****** Drab Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys dasythrix'' LC
****** Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys kerri'' DD
****** Pallid Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys lamarum'' DD
****** Lund's Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys lundi'' EN
****** Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys mantiqueirensis'' CR
****** Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys medius'' LC
****** Black-spined Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys nigrispinus'' LC
****** Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys pattoni'' LC
****** ''Phyllomys sulinus''
****** Giant Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys thomasi'' EN
****** Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat, ''Phyllomys unicolor'' CR
*****Genus: ''Santamartamys''
****** Red-crested tree-rat, ''Santamartamys rufodorsalis'' CR
*****Genus: ''Toromys''
****** Giant tree-rat, ''Toromys grandis'' LC
****Subfamily: Eumysopinae
*****Genus: ''Carterodon''
****** Owl's spiny rat, ''Carterodon sulcidens'' DD
*****Genus: ''Clyomys''
****** Broad-headed spiny rat, ''Clyomys laticeps'' LC
*****Genus: ''Euryzygomatomys''
****** Brandt's guiara, '' Euryzygomatomys guiara''
****** Guiara, Fischer's guiara, ''Euryzygomatomys spinosus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Hoplomys''
****** Armored rat, ''Hoplomys gymnurus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Lonchothrix''
****** Lonchothrix, Tuft-tailed spiny tree rat, ''Lonchothrix emiliae'' LC
*****Genus: ''Mesomys''
****** Ferreira's spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys hispidus'' LC
****** Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys leniceps'' DD
****** Mesomys occultus, Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys occultus'' LC
****** Pará spiny tree-rat, ''Mesomys stimulax'' LC
*****Genus: ''Proechimys''
****** Short-tailed spiny rat, ''Proechimys brevicauda'' LC
****** Colombian spiny rat, ''Proechimys canicollis'' LC
****** Boyacá spiny rat, ''Proechimys chrysaeolus'' DD
****** Cuvier's spiny rat, ''Proechimys cuvieri'' LC
****** Pacific spiny rat, ''Proechimys decumanus'' VU
****** Stiff-spine spiny rat, ''Proechimys echinothrix'' LC
****** Gardner's spiny rat, ''Proechimys gardneri'' DD
****** Goeldi's spiny rat, ''Proechimys goeldii'' VU
****** Guaira spiny rat, ''Proechimys guairae'' LC
****** Guyenne spiny rat, ''Proechimys guyannensis'' LC
****** Guyanan spiny rat, ''Proechimys hoplomyoides'' DD
****** Kulina spiny rat, ''Proechimys kulinae'' DD
****** Long-tailed spiny rat, ''Proechimys longicaudatus'' LC
****** Magdalena spiny rat, ''Proechimys magdalenae'' DD
****** Minca spiny rat, ''Proechimys mincae'' DD
****** O'Connell's spiny rat, ''Proechimys oconnelli'' DD
****** Patton's spiny rat, ''Proechimys pattoni'' LC
****** Gray-footed spiny rat, ''Proechimys poliopus'' VU
****** Napo spiny rat, ''Proechimys quadruplicatus'' LC
****** Roberto's spiny rat, ''Proechimys roberti'' VU
****** Tome's spiny rat, ''Proechimys semispinosus'' LC
****** Simon's spiny rat, ''Proechimys simonsi'' LC
****** Steere's spiny rat, ''Proechimys steerei'' LC
****** Trinidad spiny rat, ''Proechimys trinitatis'' DD
****** Sucre spiny rat, ''Proechimys urichi'' LC
*****Genus: ''Thrichomys''
****** Common punaré, ''Thrichomys apereoides'' LC
****** ''Thrichomys fosteri'' NE
****** Highlands punaré, ''Thrichomys inermis'' LC
****** Sao Lourenço punaré, ''Thrichomys laurentius'' DD
****** Paraguayan punaré, ''Thrichomys pachyurus'' LC
*****Genus: ''Trinomys''
****** White-spined Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys albispinus'' LC
****** Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys dimidiatus'' LC
****** Elias' Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys eliasi'' EN
****** Gracile Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys gratiosus'' LC
****** Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys iheringi'' LC
****** Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys mirapitanga'' DD
****** Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys moojeni'' EN
****** Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys myosuros'' LC
****** Spiked Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys paratus'' DD
****** Hairy Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys setosus'' LC
****** Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat, ''Trinomys yonenagae'' EN
***Family: Myocastoridae (coypus)
****Genus: ''Myocastor''
***** Coypu, ''Myocastor coypus'' LC
*Suborder: Sciuromorpha
**Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
***Subfamily: Sciurillinae
****Genus: ''Sciurillus''
***** Neotropical pygmy squirrel, ''Sciurillus pusillus'' DD
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
****Tribe: Sciurini
*****Genus: ''Microsciurus''
****** Central American dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus alfari'' LC
****** Amazon dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus flaviventer'' DD
****** Western dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus mimulus'' LC
****** Santander dwarf squirrel, ''Microsciurus santanderensis'' DD
*****Genus: ''Sciurus''
****** Brazilian squirrel, ''Sciurus aestuans'' LC
****** South Yungas red squirrel, ''Sciurus argentinius''
****** Fiery squirrel, ''Sciurus flammifer'' DD
****** Yellow-throated squirrel, ''Sciurus gilvigularis'' DD
****** Red-tailed squirrel, ''Sciurus granatensis'' LC
****** Bolivian squirrel, ''Sciurus ignitus'' DD
****** Northern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus igniventris'' LC
****** Atlantic Forest squirrel, ''Sciurus ingrami''
****** Andean squirrel, ''Sciurus pucheranii'' DD
****** Junín red squirrel, ''Sciurus pyrrhinus'' DD
****** Sanborn's squirrel, ''Sciurus sanborni'' DD
****** Southern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus spadiceus'' LC
****** Guayaquil squirrel, ''Sciurus stramineus'' LC
*Suborder: Castorimorpha
**Family: Geomyidae
***Genus: ''Orthogeomys''
**** Thaeler's pocket gopher, ''Orthogeomys thaeleri'' LC
**Family: Heteromyidae
***Subfamily: Heteromyinae
****Genus: ''Heteromys''
***** Trinidad spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys anomalus'' LC
***** Southern spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys australis'' LC
***** Overlook spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys catopterius'' NE
***** Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys desmarestianus'' LC
***** Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys oasicus'' EN
***** Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse, ''Heteromys teleus'' VU
*Suborder: Myomorpha
**Family: Cricetidae
***Subfamily: Tylomyinae
****Genus: ''Tylomys''
***** Mira climbing rat, ''Tylomys mirae'' LC
***Subfamily: Neotominae
****Genus: ''Reithrodontomys''
***** Mexican harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'' LC
***Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
****Genus: ''Abrawayaomys''
***** ''Abrawayaomys chebezi''
***** Ruschi's rat, ''Abrawayaomys ruschii'' LC
****Genus: ''Abrothrix''
***** Andean Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix andinus'' LC
***** Hershkovitz's grass mouse, ''Abrothrix hershkovitzi'' LC
***** Gray grass mouse, ''Abrothrix illuteus'' NT
***** Jelski's Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix jelskii'' LC
***** Woolly grass mouse, ''Abrothrix lanosus'' LC
***** Long-haired grass mouse, ''Abrothrix longipilis'' LC
***** Olive grass mouse, ''Abrothrix olivaceus'' LC
***** Sanborn's grass mouse, ''Abrothrix sanborni'' NT
****Genus: ''Aepeomys''
***** Olive montane mouse, ''Aepeomys lugens'' LC
***** Reig's montane mouse, ''Aepeomys reigi'' VU
****Genus: ''Aegialomys''
***** Galápagos rice rat, ''Aegialomys galapagoensis'' VU
***** Yellowish rice rat, ''Aegialomys xanthaeolus'' LC
****Genus: ''Akodon''
***** Highland grass mouse, ''Akodon aerosus'' LC
***** Colombian grass mouse, ''Akodon affinis'' LC
***** White-bellied grass mouse, ''Akodon albiventer'' LC
***** Azara's grass mouse, ''Akodon azarae'' LC
***** Bogotá grass mouse, ''Akodon bogotensis'' LC
***** Bolivian grass mouse, ''Akodon boliviensis'' LC
***** Budin's grass mouse, ''Akodon budini'' LC
***** ''Akodon caenosus''
***** Cursor grass mouse, ''Akodon cursor'' LC
***** Day's grass mouse, ''Akodon dayi'' LC
***** Dolorous grass mouse, ''Akodon dolores'' LC
***** Smoky grass mouse, ''Akodon fumeus'' LC
***** ''Akodon glaucinus''
***** Intelligent grass mouse, ''Akodon iniscatus'' LC
***** Junín grass mouse, ''Akodon juninensis'' LC
***** Koford's grass mouse, ''Akodon kofordi'' LC
***** Ecuadorian grass mouse, ''Akodon latebricola'' VU
***** Lindbergh's grass mouse, ''Akodon lindberghi'' DD
***** Altiplano grass mouse, ''Akodon lutescens'' LC
***** Thespian grass mouse, ''Akodon mimus'' LC
***** Soft grass mouse, ''Akodon mollis'' LC
***** Montane grass mouse, ''Akodon montensis'' LC
***** Caparaó grass mouse, ''Akodon mystax'' DD
***** Neuquén grass mouse, ''Akodon neocenus'' DD
***** El Dorado grass mouse, ''Akodon orophilus'' LC
***** Paraná grass mouse, ''Akodon paranaensis'' LC
***** Tarija akodont, ''Akodon pervalens'' DD
***** Philip Myers's akodont, ''Akodon philipmyersi'' DD
***** ''Akodon polopi''
***** Reig's grass mouse, ''Akodon reigi'' LC
***** São Paulo grass mouse, ''Akodon sanctipaulensis'' DD
***** Serra do Mar grass mouse, ''Akodon serrensis'' LC
***** Cochabamba grass mouse, ''Akodon siberiae'' NT
***** White-throated grass mouse, ''Akodon simulator'' LC
***** Spegazzini's grass mouse, ''Akodon spegazzinii'' LC
***** Puno grass mouse, ''Akodon subfuscus'' LC
***** Silent grass mouse, ''Akodon surdus'' VU
***** Forest grass mouse, ''Akodon sylvanus'' LC
***** ''Akodon tartareus''
***** Chaco grass mouse, ''Akodon toba'' LC
***** Cloud forest grass mouse, ''Akodon torques'' LC
***** Variable grass mouse, ''Akodon varius'' DD
****Genus: ''Amphinectomys''
***** Ucayali water rat, ''Amphinectomys savamis'' DD
****Genus: ''Andalgalomys''
***** Olrog's chaco mouse, ''Andalgalomys olrogi'' LC
***** Pearson's chaco mouse, ''Andalgalomys pearsoni'' LC
****Genus: ''Andinomys''
***** Andean mouse, ''Andinomys edax'' LC
***** ''Andinomys lineicaudatus''
****Genus: ''Anotomys''
***** Aquatic rat, ''Anotomys leander'' VU
****Genus: ''Auliscomys''
***** Bolivian big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys boliviensis'' LC
***** Painted big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys pictus'' LC
***** Andean big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys sublimis'' LC
****Genus: ''Bibimys''
***** Chaco crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys chacoensis'' LC
***** Large-lipped crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys labiosus'' LC
***** Torres' crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys torresi'' NT
****Genus: ''Blarinomys''
***** Brazilian shrew-mouse, ''Blarinomys breviceps'' LC
****Genus: ''Brucepattersonius''
***** Gray-bellied brucie, ''Brucepattersonius griserufescens'' DD
***** Guaraní brucie, ''Brucepattersonius guarani'' DD
***** Red-bellied brucie, ''Brucepattersonius igniventris'' DD
***** Ihering's hocicudo, ''Brucepattersonius iheringi'' LC
***** Misiones brucie, ''Brucepattersonius misionensis'' DD
***** Arroyo of Paradise brucie, ''Brucepattersonius paradisus'' DD
***** Soricine brucie, ''Brucepattersonius soricinus'' DD
****Genus: ''Calomys''
***** Bolivian vesper mouse, ''Calomys boliviae'' LC
***** Crafty vesper mouse, ''Calomys callidus'' LC
***** Large vesper mouse, ''Calomys callosus'' LC
***** ''Calomys cerqueirai''
***** Caatinga vesper mouse, ''Calomys expulsus'' LC
***** Fecund vesper mouse, ''Calomys fecundus'' LC
***** Hummelinck's vesper mouse, ''Calomys hummelincki'' VU
***** Small vesper mouse, ''Calomys laucha'' LC
***** Andean vesper mouse, ''Calomys lepidus'' LC
***** Drylands vesper mouse, ''Calomys musculinus'' LC
***** Peruvian vesper mouse, ''Calomys sorellus'' LC
***** Delicate vesper mouse, ''Calomys tener'' LC
***** Tocantins vesper mouse, ''Calomys tocantinsi'' LC
***** Córdoba vesper mouse, ''Calomys venustus'' LC
****Genus: ''Cerradomys''
***** Langguth's rice rat, ''Cerradomys langguthi''
***** Maracaju rice rat, ''Cerradomys maracajuensis'' LC
***** Marinho's rice rat, ''Cerradomys marinhus'' DD
***** Lindbergh's rice rat, ''Cerradomys scotti'' LC
***** Terraced rice rat, ''Cerradomys subflavus'' LC
***** Vivo's rice rat, ''Cerradomys vivoi''
****Genus: ''Chelemys''
***** Magellanic long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys delfini'' DD
***** Andean long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys macronyx'' LC
***** Large long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys megalonyx'' NT
****Genus: ''Chibchanomys''
***** Las Cajas water mouse, ''Chibchanomys orcesi'' DD
***** Chibchan water mouse, ''Chibchanomys trichotis'' DD
****Genus: ''Chilomys''
***** Colombian forest mouse, ''Chilomys instans'' LC
****Genus: ''Chinchillula''
***** Altiplano chinchilla mouse, ''Chinchillula sahamae'' LC
****Genus: ''Delomys''
***** ''Delomys altimontanus''
***** Montane Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys collinus'' LC
***** Striped Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys dorsalis'' LC
***** Pallid Atlantic Forest rat, ''Delomys sublineatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Deltamys''
***** Kemp's grass mouse, ''Deltamys kempi'' LC
****Genus: ''Drymoreomys''
***** ''Drymoreomys albimaculatus'' NT
****Genus: ''Eligmodontia''
***** ''Eligmodontia bolsonensis''
***** ''Eligmodontia hirtipes''
***** Monte gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia moreni'' LC
***** Morgan's gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia morgani'' LC
***** Andean gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia puerulus'' LC
***** Eligmodontia typus, Highland gerbil mouse, eastern Patagonian gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia typus'' LC
****Genus: ''Eremoryzomys''
***** Gray rice rat, ''Eremoryzomys polius'' DD
****Genus: ''Euneomys''
***** Patagonian chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys chinchilloides'' DD
***** Burrowing chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys fossor'' DD
***** Biting chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys mordax'' LC
***** Peterson's chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys petersoni'' LC
****Genus: ''Euryoryzomys''
***** Emmons's rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys emmonsae'' DD
***** Monster rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys lamia'' EN
***** Tarija rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys legatus'' LC
***** MacConnell's rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys macconnelli'' LC
***** Elegant rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys nitidus'' LC
***** Russet rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys russatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Galenomys''
***** Garlepp's mouse, ''Galenomys garleppi'' DD
****Genus: ''Geoxus''
***** Long-clawed mole mouse, ''Geoxus valdivianus'' LC
****Genus: ''Graomys''
***** ''Graomys chacoensis'' (contains the former ''Graomys centralis'')
***** Pale leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys domorum'' LC
***** Edith's leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys edithae'' DD
***** Gray leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys griseoflavus'' LC
****Genus: ''Gyldenstolpia''
***** Fossorial giant rat, ''Gyldenstolpia fronto'' EN
*****''Gyldenstolpia planaltensis''
****Genus: ''Handleyomys''
***** Alfaro's rice rat, ''Handleyomys alfaroi'' LC
***** Dusky montane mouse, ''Handleyomys fuscatus'' LC
***** Colombian rice rat, ''Handleyomys intectus'' LC
****Genus: ''Holochilus''
***** Web-footed marsh rat, ''Holochilus brasiliensis'' LC
***** Chaco marsh rat, ''Holochilus chacarius'' LC
***** Amazonian marsh rat, ''Holochilus sciureus'' LC
****Genus: ''Hylaeamys''
***** ''Hylaeamys acritus'' DD
***** Hylaeamys laticeps, Large-headed rice rat, ''Hylaeamys laticeps'' NT
***** Azara's broad-headed rice rat, ''Hylaeamys megacephalus'' LC
***** Sowbug rice rat, ''Hylaeamys oniscus'' VU
***** Western Amazonian oryzomys, ''Hylaeamys perenensis'' LC
***** Tate's rice rat, ''Hylaeamys tatei'' DD
***** Yungas rice rat, ''Hylaeamys yunganus'' LC
****Genus: ''Ichthyomys''
***** Crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys hydrobates'' NT
***** Pittier's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys pittieri'' VU
***** Stolzmann's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys stolzmanni'' DD
***** Tweedy's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys tweedii'' DD
****Genus: ''Irenomys''
***** Chilean climbing mouse, ''Irenomys tarsalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Juliomys''
***** ''Juliomys ossitenuis'' NE
***** Lesser Wilfred's mouse, ''Juliomys pictipes'' LC
***** Cleft-headed juliomys, ''Juliomys rimofrons'' VU
***** Aracuaria Forest tree mouse, ''Juliomys ximenezi'' NE
****Genus: ''Juscelinomys''
***** Rio Guaporé mouse, ''Juscelinomys guaporensis'' DD
***** Huanchaca mouse, ''Juscelinomys huanchacae'' DD
****Genus: ''Kunsia''
***** Woolly giant rat, ''Kunsia tomentosus'' LC
****Genus: ''Lenoxus''
***** Andean rat, ''Lenoxus apicalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Loxodontomys''
***** Southern big-eared mouse, ''Loxodontomys micropus'' LC
***** Pikumche pericote, ''Loxodontomys pikumche'' LC
****Genus: ''Lundomys''
***** Lund's amphibious rat, ''Lundomys molitor'' LC
****Genus: ''Melanomys''
***** Dusky rice rat, ''Melanomys caliginosus'' LC
***** Robust dark rice rat, ''Melanomys robustulus'' LC
***** Zuniga's dark rice rat, ''Melanomys zunigae'' CR
****Genus: ''Microakodontomys''
***** Intermediate lesser grass mouse, ''Microakodontomys transitorius'' VU
****Genus: ''Microryzomys''
***** Highland small rice rat, ''Microryzomys altissimus'' LC
***** Forest small rice rat, ''Microryzomys minutus'' LC
****Genus: ''Mindomys''
***** Hammond's rice rat, ''Mindomys hammondi'' EN
****Genus: ''Neacomys''
***** Dubost's bristly mouse, ''Neacomys dubosti'' LC
***** Guiana bristly mouse, ''Neacomys guianae'' LC
***** Jurua bristly mouse, ''Neacomys minutus'' LC
***** Musser's bristly mouse, ''Neacomys musseri'' LC
***** Paracou bristly mouse, ''Neacomys paracou'' LC
***** Common bristly mouse, ''Neacomys spinosus'' LC
***** Narrow-footed bristly mouse, ''Neacomys tenuipes'' LC
****Genus: ''Necromys''
***** Pleasant bolo mouse, ''Necromys amoenus'' LC
***** Argentine bolo mouse, ''Necromys benefactus'' LC
***** Rufous-bellied bolo mouse, ''Necromys lactens'' LC
***** Hairy-tailed bolo mouse, ''Necromys lasiurus'' LC
***** Paraguayan bolo mouse, ''Necromys lenguarum'' LC
***** Dark bolo mouse, ''Necromys obscurus'' NT
***** Spotted bolo mouse, ''Necromys punctulatus'' DD
***** Temchuk's bolo mouse, ''Necromys temchuki'' LC
***** Northern grass mouse, ''Necromys urichi'' LC
****Genus: ''Nectomys''
***** Western Amazonian water rat, ''Nectomys apicalis'' LC
***** Magdalena water rat, ''Nectomys magdalenae'' DD
***** Trinidad water rat, ''Nectomys palmipes'' LC
***** Small-footed bristly mouse, ''Nectomys rattus'' LC
***** Scaly-footed water rat, ''Nectomys squamipes'' LC
****Genus: ''Neotomys''
***** Andean swamp rat, ''Neotomys ebriosus'' LC
****Genus: ''Nephelomys''
***** Tomes's rice rat, ''Nephelomys albigularis'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys auriventer'' LC
***** Costa Central rice rat, ''Nephelomys caracolus'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys childi''
***** Keays's rice rat, ''Nephelomys keaysi'' LC
***** Light-footed rice rat, ''Nephelomys levipes'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys maculiventer''
***** Mérida rice rat, ''Nephelomys meridensis'' LC
***** ''Nephelomys moerex''
***** ''Nephelomys nimbosus''
***** ''Nephelomys pectoralis''
****Genus: ''Nesoryzomys''
***** Fernandina rice rat, ''Nesoryzomys fernandinae'' VU
***** Nesoryzomys indefessus narboroughi, Fernandina Island Galápagos mouse, ''Nesoryzomys narboroughi'' VU
***** Santiago Galápagos mouse, ''Nesoryzomys swarthi'' VU
****Genus: ''Neusticomys''
***** Ferreira's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys ferreirai'' DD
***** Montane fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys monticolus'' LC
***** Musso's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys mussoi'' EN
***** Oyapock's fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys oyapocki'' DD
***** Peruvian fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys peruviensis'' LC
***** Venezuelan fish-eating rat, ''Neusticomys venezuelae'' VU
****Genus: ''Notiomys''
***** Edward's long-clawed mouse, ''Notiomys edwardsii'' LC
****Genus: ''Oecomys''
***** Guianan arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys auyantepui'' LC
***** Bicolored arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys bicolor'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys catherinae'' LC
***** Cleber's arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys cleberi'' DD
***** Unicolored arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys concolor'' LC
***** Yellow arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys flavicans'' LC
***** Mamore arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys mamorae'' LC
***** Brazilian arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys paricola'' DD
***** Dusky arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys phaeotis'' LC
***** King arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys rex'' LC
***** Robert's arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys roberti'' LC
***** Red arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys rutilus'' LC
***** Venezuelan arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys speciosus'' LC
***** Foothill arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys superans'' LC
***** ''Oecomys sydandersoni''
***** Trinidad arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys trinitatis'' LC
****Genus: ''Oligoryzomys''
***** Andean pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys andinus'' LC
***** Sandy pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys arenalis'' LC
***** Brenda's colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys brendae'' DD
***** Chacoan pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys chacoensis'' LC
***** Destructive pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys destructor'' LC
***** Yellow pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys flavescens'' LC
***** Fornes' colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys fornesi'' LC
***** Fulvous pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys fulvescens'' LC
***** Grayish pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys griseolus'' LC
***** Long-tailed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys longicaudatus'' LC
***** Magellanic pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys magellanicus'' LC
***** Small-eared pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys microtis'' LC
***** Moojen's pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys moojeni'' DD
***** Black-footed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys nigripes'' LC
***** Rock pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys rupestris'' DD
***** Straw-colored pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys stramineus'' LC
****Genus: ''Oreoryzomys''
***** Peruvian rice rat, ''Oreoryzomys balneator'' DD
****Genus: ''Oryzomys''
***** Coues's rice rat, ''Oryzomys couesi'' LC
***** Gorgas's rice rat, ''Oryzomys gorgasi'' EN
****Genus: ''Oxymycterus''
***** Argentine hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus akodontius'' DD
***** Amazonian hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus amazonicus'' LC
***** Angular hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus angularis'' LC
***** Caparaó hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus caparoae'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus dasytrichus'' LC
***** Spy hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus delator'' LC
***** Small hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hiska'' LC
***** Hispid hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hispidus'' LC
***** Quechuan hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hucucha'' EN
***** Incan hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus inca'' LC
***** Cook's hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus josei'' EN
***** Long-nosed hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus nasutus'' LC
***** Paramo hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus paramensis'' LC
***** Quaestor hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus quaestor'' LC
***** Robert's hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus roberti'' LC
***** Red hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus rufus'' LC
***** ''Oxymycterus wayku''
****Genus: ''Paralomys''
***** Gerbil leaf-eared mouse, ''Paralomys gerbillus'' LC
****Genus: ''Pearsonomys''
***** Pearson's long-clawed mouse, ''Pearsonomys annectens'' VU
****Genus: ''Phaenomys''
***** Rio de Janeiro arboreal rat, ''Phaenomys ferrugineus'' VU
****Genus: ''Phyllotis''
***** ''Phyllotis alisosiensis''
***** Friendly leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis amicus'' LC
***** Andean leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis andium'' LC
***** Anita's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis anitae'' DD
***** Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis bonariensis'' NT
***** Capricorn leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis caprinus'' LC
***** Darwin's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis darwini'' LC
***** Definitive leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis definitus'' EN
***** Haggard's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis haggardi'' LC
***** Lima leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis limatus'' LC
***** Master leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis magister'' LC
***** Osgood's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis osgoodi'' DD
***** Bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis osilae'' LC
***** Wolffsohn's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis wolffsohni'' LC
***** Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis xanthopygus'' LC
****Genus: ''Podoxymys''
***** Roraima mouse, ''Podoxymys roraimae'' VU
****Genus: ''Pseudoryzomys''
***** Brazilian false rice rat, ''Pseudoryzomys simplex'' LC
****Genus: ''Punomys''
***** Eastern puna mouse, ''Punomys kofordi'' VU
***** Puna mouse, ''Punomys lemminus'' VU
****Genus: ''Reithrodon''
***** Bunny rat, ''Reithrodon auritus'' LC
***** Naked-soled conyrat, ''Reithrodon typicus'' LC
****Genus: ''Rhagomys''
***** Long-tongued arboreal mouse, ''Rhagomys longilingua'' LC
***** Brazilian arboreal mouse, ''Rhagomys rufescens'' NT
****Genus: ''Rhipidomys''
***** Southern climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys austrinus'' LC
***** Cariri climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys cariri'' DD
***** Cauca climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys caucensis'' DD
***** Coues's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys couesi'' LC
***** Eastern Amazon climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys emiliae'' LC
***** Buff-bellied climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys fulviventer'' LC
***** Gardner's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys gardneri'' LC
***** Broad-footed climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys latimanus'' LC
***** White-footed climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys leucodactylus'' LC
***** MacConnell's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys macconnelli'' LC
***** Cerrado climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys macrurus'' LC
***** Atlantic Forest climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys mastacalis'' LC
***** Peruvian climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys modicus'' LC
***** Splendid climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys nitela'' LC
***** Yellow-bellied climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys ochrogaster'' DD
***** Venezuelan climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys venezuelae'' LC
***** Charming climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys venustus'' LC
***** Wetzel's climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys wetzeli'' LC
****Genus: ''Salinomys''
***** Delicate salt flat mouse, ''Salinomys delicatus'' DD
****Genus: ''Scapteromys''
***** Argentine swamp rat, ''Scapteromys aquaticus'' LC
***** Plateau swamp rat, ''Scapteromys meridionalis''
***** Waterhouse's swamp rat, ''Scapteromys tumidus'' LC
****Genus: ''Scolomys''
***** South American spiny mouse, ''Scolomys melanops'' LC
***** Ucayali spiny mouse, ''Scolomys ucayalensis'' LC
****Genus: ''Sigmodon''
***** Alston's cotton rat, ''Sigmodon alstoni'' LC
***** Southern cotton rat, ''Sigmodon hirsutus'' LC
***** Unexpected cotton rat, ''Sigmodon inopinatus'' VU
***** Peruvian cotton rat, ''Sigmodon peruanus'' LC
****Genus: ''Sigmodontomys''
***** Alfaro's rice water rat, ''Sigmodontomys alfari'' LC
***** Harris's rice water rat, ''Sigmodontomys aphrastus'' DD
****Genus: ''Sooretamys''
***** Paraguayan rice rat, ''Sooretamys angouya'' LC
****Genus: ''Tapecomys''
***** ''Tapecomys wolffsohni''
***** Primordial tapecua, ''Tapecomys primus'' LC
****Genus: ''Thalpomys''
***** Cerrado mouse, ''Thalpomys cerradensis'' LC
***** Hairy-eared cerrado mouse, ''Thalpomys lasiotis'' LC
****Genus: ''Thaptomys''
***** Blackish grass mouse, ''Thaptomys nigrita'' LC
****Genus: ''Thomasomys''
***** Anderson's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys andersoni''
***** Apeco Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys apeco'' VU
***** Golden Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys aureus'' LC
***** Beady-eyed mouse, ''Thomasomys baeops'' LC
***** Silky Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys bombycinus'' DD
***** White-tipped Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys caudivarius'' LC
***** Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinereiventer'' LC
***** Ash-colored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinereus'' LC
***** Cinnamon-colored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys cinnameus'' LC
***** Daphne's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys daphne'' LC
***** Peruvian Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys eleusis'' LC
***** Wandering Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys erro'' LC
***** Slender Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys gracilis'' NT
***** Hudson's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys hudsoni'' DD
***** Woodland Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys hylophilus'' EN
***** Inca Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys incanus'' VU
***** Strong-tailed Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ischyurus'' VU
***** Kalinowski's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys kalinowskii'' VU
***** Ladew's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ladewi'' LC
***** Soft-furred Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys laniger'' LC
***** Large-eared Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys macrotis'' VU
***** Unicolored Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys monochromos'' EN
***** Snow-footed Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys niveipes'' LC
***** Distinguished Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys notatus'' LC
***** Ashaninka Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys onkiro'' VU
***** Montane Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys oreas'' LC
***** Paramo Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys paramorum'' LC
***** Popayán Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys popayanus'' DD
***** Cajamarca Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys praetor'' DD
***** Thomas's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys pyrrhonotus'' VU
***** Rhoads's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys rhoadsi'' LC
***** Rosalinda's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys rosalinda'' DD
***** Forest Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys silvestris'' LC
***** Taczanowski's Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys taczanowskii'' LC
***** Ucucha Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys ucucha'' VU
***** Dressy Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys vestitus'' LC
***** Pichincha Oldfield mouse, ''Thomasomys vulcani'' DD
****Genus: ''Transandinomys''
***** Bolivar rice rat, ''Transandinomys bolivaris'' LC
***** Talamancan rice rat, ''Transandinomys talamancae'' LC
****Genus: ''Wiedomys''
***** Cerrado red-nosed mouse, ''Wiedomys cerradensis'' DD
***** Red-nosed mouse, ''Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos'' LC
****Genus: ''Wilfredomys''
***** Greater Wilfred's mouse, ''Wilfredomys oenax'' EN
****Genus: ''Zygodontomys''
***** Short-tailed cane mouse, ''Zygodontomys brevicauda'' LC
***** Brown cane mouse, ''Zygodontomys brunneus'' LC
=Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
= The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a Taxonomic rank, superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. South America's meager lagomorph diversity (6 species compared to List of mammals of North America#Lagomorphs, 18 for North America north of Mexico) reflects their recent arrival and failure (so far) to diversify much. Only the tapeti is present south of northern South America; lagomorphs are absent from most of South America's southern cone. *Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) **Genus: ''Sylvilagus'' *** Andean cottontail, ''Sylvilagus andinus'' NE *** Tapeti, ''Sylvilagus brasiliensis'' LC *** Eastern cottontail, ''Sylvilagus floridanus'' LC *** Suriname lowland forest cottontail, ''Sylvilagus parentum'' NE *** Sylvilagus tapetillus, Rio de Janeiro dwarf rabbit, ''Sylvilagus tapetillus'' NE *** Venezuelan lowland rabbit, ''Sylvilagus varynaensis'' DDSuperorder: Laurasiatheria
=Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)
= Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while Mole (animal), moles are stout-bodied burrowers. In South America, shrews are only found in the north (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru), a legacy of their relatively recent immigration to the continent by way of Central America (where shrew species are List of mammals of Central America#Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons), considerably more diverse). Moles are not found in the Americas south of northern Mexico. *Family: Soricidae (shrews) **Subfamily: Soricinae ***Tribe: Blarinini ****Genus: ''Cryptotis'' *****''C. nigrescens'' group ****** Eastern Cordillera small-footed shrew, ''Cryptotis brachyonyx'' DD ****** Colombian small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis colombiana'' LC ****** Darién small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis mera'' EN *****''C. thomasi'' group ****** Ecuadoran small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis equatoris'' LC ****** Medellín small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis medellinia'' LC ****** Merida small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis meridensis'' LC ****** Wandering small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis montivaga'' LC ****** Peruvian small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis peruviensis'' DD ****** Scaly-footed small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis squamipes'' LC ****** Tamá small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis tamensis'' LC ****** Thomas' small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis thomasi'' LC=Order: Chiroptera (bats)
=
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Noctilionidae (bulldog bats)
**Genus: ''Noctilio''
*** Lesser bulldog bat, ''Noctilio albiventris'' LC
*** Greater bulldog bat, ''Noctilio leporinus'' LC
*Family: Vespertilionidae
**Subfamily: Myotinae
***Genus: ''Myotis''
**** Southern myotis, ''Myotis aelleni'' DD
**** Silver-tipped myotis, ''Myotis albescens'' LC
**** Atacama myotis, ''Myotis atacamensis'' NT
**** Chilean myotis, ''Myotis chiloensis'' LC
**** ''Myotis dinellii'' LC
**** Hairy-legged myotis, ''Myotis keaysi'' LC
**** Yellowish myotis, ''Myotis levis'' LC
**** ''Myotis midastactus'' NE
**** Curacao myotis, ''Myotis nesopolus'' LC
**** Black myotis, ''Myotis nigricans'' LC
**** Montane myotis, ''Myotis oxyotus'' LC
**** Riparian myotis, ''Myotis riparius'' LC
**** Red myotis, ''Myotis ruber'' NT
**** Velvety myotis, ''Myotis simus'' DD
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
***Genus: ''Eptesicus''
**** Little black serotine, ''Eptesicus andinus'' LC
**** Brazilian brown bat, ''Eptesicus brasiliensis'' LC
**** Chiriquinan serotine, ''Eptesicus chiriquinus'' LC
**** Diminutive serotine, ''Eptesicus diminutus'' DD
**** Argentine brown bat, ''Eptesicus furinalis'' LC
**** Big brown bat, ''Eptesicus fuscus'' LC
**** Harmless serotine, ''Eptesicus innoxius'' NT
**** ''Eptesicus taddeii''
***Genus: ''Histiotus''
**** Strange big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus alienus'' DD
**** Humboldt big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus humboldti'' DD
**** Thomas's big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus laephotis'' NT
**** Big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus macrotus'' LC
**** Southern big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus magellanicus'' LC
**** Small big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus montanus'' LC
**** Tropical big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus velatus'' DD
***Genus: ''Lasiurus''
**** ''Lasiurus atratus'' LC
**** Desert red bat, ''Lasiurus blossevillii'' LC
**** Tacarcuna bat, ''Lasiurus castaneus'' DD
**** Hoary bat, ''Lasiurus cinereus'' LC
**** Hairy-tailed bat, ''Lasiurus ebenus'' DD
**** Southern yellow bat, ''Lasiurus ega'' LC
**** Big red bat, ''Lasiurus egregius'' DD
**** Pfeiffer's red bat, ''Lasiurus pfeifferi''
**** Saline red bat, ''Lasiurus salinae''
**** Cinnamon red bat, ''Lasiurus varius'' LC
***Genus: ''Rhogeessa''
**** Husson's yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa hussoni'' DD
**** Thomas's yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa io'' LC
**** Tiny yellow bat, ''Rhogeessa minutilla'' VU
**Subfamily: Tomopeatinae
***Genus: ''Tomopeas''
**** Blunt-eared bat, ''Tomopeas ravus'' VU
*Family: Molossidae (free-tailed bats)
**Genus: ''Cynomops''
*** Cinnamon dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops abrasus'' DD
*** Greenhall's dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops greenhalli'' LC
*** Para dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops paranus'' DD
*** Southern dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops planirostris'' LC
**Genus: ''Eumops''
*** Black bonneted bat, ''Eumops auripendulus'' LC
*** Dwarf bonneted bat, ''Eumops bonariensis'' LC
*** Big bonneted bat, ''Eumops dabbenei'' LC
*** Wagner's bonneted bat, ''Eumops glaucinus'' LC
*** Sanborn's bonneted bat, ''Eumops hansae'' LC
*** Guianan bonneted bat, ''Eumops maurus'' DD
*** Patagonian bonneted bat, ''Eumops patagonicus'' LC
*** Western mastiff bat, ''Eumops perotis'' LC
*** Colombian bonneted bat, ''Eumops trumbulli'' LC
*** Eumops wilsoni, Wilson's bonneted bat, ''Eumops wilsoni''
**Genus: ''Molossops''
*** Equatorial dog-faced bat, ''Molossops aequatorianus'' VU
*** Mato Grosso dog-faced bat, ''Molossops mattogrossensis'' LC
*** Rufous dog-faced bat, ''Molossops neglectus'' DD
*** Dwarf dog-faced bat, ''Molossops temminckii'' LC
**Genus: ''Molossus (genus), Molossus''
*** Barnes's mastiff bat, ''Molossus barnesi'' DD
*** Coiban mastiff bat, ''Molossus coibensis'' LC
*** Bonda mastiff bat, ''Molossus currentium'' LC
*** Velvety free-tailed bat, ''Molossus molossus'' LC
*** Miller's mastiff bat, ''Molossus pretiosus'' LC
*** Black mastiff bat, ''Molossus rufus'' LC
*** Sinaloan mastiff bat, ''Molossus sinaloae'' LC
*** ''Molossus trinitatis''
**Genus: ''Mormopterus''
*** Kalinowski's mastiff bat, ''Mormopterus kalinowskii'' LC
*** Incan little mastiff bat, ''Mormopterus phrudus'' VU
**Genus: ''Nyctinomops''
*** Peale's free-tailed bat, ''Nyctinomops aurispinosus'' LC
*** Broad-eared bat, ''Nyctinomops laticaudatus'' LC
*** Big free-tailed bat, ''Nyctinomops macrotis'' LC
**Genus: ''Promops''
*** Big crested mastiff bat, ''Promops centralis'' LC
*** Brown mastiff bat, ''Promops nasutus'' LC
**Genus: ''Tadarida''
*** Mexican free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida brasiliensis'' LC
*Family: Emballonuridae (ghost bats, sac-winged bats and allies)
**Genus: ''Balantiopteryx''
*** Ecuadorian sac-winged bat, ''Balantiopteryx infusca'' EN
*** Gray sac-winged bat, ''Balantiopteryx plicata'' LC
**Genus: ''Centronycteris''
*** Thomas's shaggy bat, ''Centronycteris centralis'' LC
*** Shaggy bat, ''Centronycteris maximiliani'' LC
**Genus: ''Cormura''
*** Chestnut sac-winged bat, ''Cormura brevirostris'' LC
**Genus: ''Cyttarops''
*** Short-eared bat, ''Cyttarops alecto'' LC
**Genus: ''Diclidurus''
*** Northern ghost bat, ''Diclidurus albus'' LC
*** Greater ghost bat, ''Diclidurus ingens'' DD
*** Isabelle's ghost bat, ''Diclidurus isabella'' LC
*** Lesser ghost bat, ''Diclidurus scutatus'' LC
**Genus: ''Peropteryx''
*** Greater dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx kappleri'' LC
*** White-winged dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx leucoptera'' LC
*** Lesser doglike bat, ''Peropteryx macrotis'' LC
*** Trinidad dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx trinitatis'' DD
*** Pale-winged dog-like bat, ''Peropteryx pallidoptera''
**Genus: ''Rhynchonycteris''
*** Proboscis bat, ''Rhynchonycteris naso'' LC
**Genus: ''Saccopteryx''
*** Antioquian sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx antioquensis'' DD
*** Greater sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx bilineata'' LC
*** Frosted sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx canescens'' LC
*** Amazonian sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx gymnura'' DD
*** Lesser sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx leptura'' LC
*Family: Mormoopidae (mustached bats)
**Genus: ''Mormoops''
*** Ghost-faced bat, ''Mormoops megalophylla'' LC
**Genus: ''Pteronotus''
*** Davy's naked-backed bat, ''Pteronotus davyi'' LC
*** Big naked-backed bat, ''Pteronotus gymnonotus'' LC
*** Paraguana moustached bat, ''Pteronotus paraguanensis'' EN
*** Parnell's mustached bat, ''Pteronotus parnellii'' LC
*** Wagner's mustached bat, ''Pteronotus personatus'' LC
*Family: Phyllostomidae (leaf-nosed bats)
**Subfamily: Phyllostominae
***Genus: ''Chrotopterus''
**** Big-eared woolly bat, ''Chrotopterus auritus'' LC
***Genus: ''Glyphonycteris''
**** Behn's bat, ''Glyphonycteris behnii'' DD
**** Davies's big-eared bat, ''Glyphonycteris daviesi'' LC
**** Tricolored big-eared bat, ''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'' LC
***Genus: ''Lampronycteris''
**** Yellow-throated big-eared bat, ''Lampronycteris brachyotis'' LC
***Genus: ''Lonchorhina''
**** Tomes's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina aurita'' LC
**** Fernandez's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina fernandezi'' EN
**** Northern sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina inusitata'' DD
**** Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina marinkellei'' EN
**** Orinoco sword-nosed bat, ''Lonchorhina orinocensis'' VU
***Genus: ''Lophostoma''
**** ''Lophostoma aequatorialis'' DD
**** Pygmy round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma brasiliense'' LC
**** Carriker's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma carrikeri'' LC
**** Schultz's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma schulzi'' LC
**** White-throated round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma silvicolum'' LC
**** ''Lophostoma yasuni'' DD
***Genus: ''Macrophyllum (genus), Macrophyllum''
**** Long-legged bat, ''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'' LC
***Genus: ''Micronycteris''
**** Brosset's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris brosseti'' DD
**** ''Micronycteris giovanniae''
**** Hairy big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris hirsuta'' LC
**** Pirlot's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris homezi''
**** Matses' big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris matses'' DD
**** Little big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris megalotis'' LC
**** Common big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris microtis'' LC
**** White-bellied big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris minuta'' LC
**** Sanborn's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris sanborni'' DD
**** Schmidts's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris schmidtorum'' LC
***Genus: ''Mimon''
**** Golden bat, ''Mimon bennettii'' LC
**** Cozumelan golden bat, ''Mimon cozumelae'' LC
**** Striped hairy-nosed bat, ''Mimon crenulatum'' LC
**** Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat, ''Mimon koepckeae'' DD
***Genus: ''Neonycteris''
**** Least big-eared bat, ''Neonycteris pusilla'' VU
***Genus: ''Phylloderma''
**** Pale-faced bat, ''Phylloderma stenops'' LC
***Genus: ''Phyllostomus''
**** Pale spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus discolor'' LC
**** Lesser spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus elongatus'' LC
**** Greater spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus hastatus'' LC
**** Guianan spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus latifolius'' LC
***Genus: ''Tonatia''
**** Greater round-eared bat, ''Tonatia bidens'' DD
**** Stripe-headed round-eared bat, ''Tonatia saurophila'' LC
***Genus: ''Trachops''
**** Fringe-lipped bat, ''Trachops cirrhosus'' LC
***Genus: ''Trinycteris''
**** Niceforo's big-eared bat, ''Trinycteris nicefori'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyrum''
**** Spectral bat, ''Vampyrum spectrum'' NT
**Subfamily: Glossophaginae
***Genus: ''Anoura''
**** ''Anoura aequatoris''
**** Cadena's tailless bat, ''Anoura cadenai''
**** Tailed tailless bat, ''Anoura caudifer'' LC
**** Handley's tailless bat, ''Anoura cultrata'' NT
**** Tube-lipped nectar bat, ''Anoura fistulata'' DD
**** Geoffroy's tailless bat, ''Anoura geoffroyi'' LC
**** Broad-toothed tailless bat, ''Anoura latidens'' LC
**** Luis Manuel's tailless bat, ''Anoura luismanueli'' LC
***Genus: ''Choeroniscus''
**** Godman's long-tailed bat, ''Choeroniscus godmani'' LC
**** Minor long-nosed long-tongued bat, ''Choeroniscus minor'' LC
**** Greater long-tailed bat, ''Choeroniscus periosus'' VU
***Genus: ''Glossophaga''
**** Commissaris's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga commissarisi'' LC
**** Miller's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga longirostris'' DD
**** Pallas's long-tongued bat, ''Glossophaga soricina'' LC
***Genus: ''Leptonycteris''
**** Southern long-nosed bat, ''Leptonycteris curasoae'' VU
***Genus: ''Lichonycteris''
**** Dark long-tongued bat, ''Lichonycteris obscura'' LC
***Genus: ''Lionycteris''
**** Chestnut long-tongued bat, ''Lionycteris spurrelli'' LC
***Genus: ''Lonchophylla''
**** Bokermann's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla bokermanni'' DD
**** ''Lonchophylla cadenai''
**** Chocoan long-tongued bat, ''Lonchophylla chocoana'' DD
**** Goldman's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla concava'' NT
**** Dekeyser's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla dekeyseri'' NT
**** ''Lonchophylla fornicata''
**** Handley's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla handleyi'' LC
**** Western nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla hesperia'' VU
**** Godman's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla mordax'' LC
**** Orcés's long-tongued bat, ''Lonchophylla orcesi'' DD
**** ''Lonchophylla pattoni''
**** Orange nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla robusta'' LC
**** Thomas's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla thomasi'' LC
***Genus: ''Platalina''
**** Long-snouted bat, ''Platalina genovensium'' NT
***Genus: ''Scleronycteris''
**** Ega long-tongued bat, ''Scleronycteris ega'' LC
**Subfamily: Carolliinae
***Genus: ''Carollia''
**** Benkeith's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia benkeithi''
**** Silky short-tailed bat, ''Carollia brevicauda'' LC
**** Chestnut short-tailed bat, ''Carollia castanea'' LC
**** Colombian short-tailed bat, ''Carollia colombiana''
**** Manu short-tailed bat, ''Carollia manu'' LC
**** Mono's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia monohernandezi''
**** Seba's short-tailed bat, ''Carollia perspicillata'' LC
***Genus: ''Rhinophylla''
**** Hairy little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla alethina'' NT
**** Fischer's little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla fischerae'' LC
**** Dwarf little fruit bat, ''Rhinophylla pumilio'' LC
**Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
***Genus: ''Ametrida''
**** Little white-shouldered bat, ''Ametrida centurio'' LC
***Genus: ''Artibeus''
**** Large fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus amplus'' LC
**** Brown fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus concolor'' LC
**** Fringed fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus fimbriatus'' LC
**** Fraternal fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus fraterculus'' LC
**** Jamaican fruit bat, ''Artibeus jamaicensis'' LC
**** Great fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus lituratus'' LC
**** Dark fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus obscurus'' LC
**** Flat-faced fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus planirostris'' LC
***Genus: ''Wrinkle-faced bat, Centurio''
**** Wrinkle-faced bat, ''Centurio senex'' LC
***Genus: ''Chiroderma''
**** Brazilian big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma doriae'' LC
**** Salvin's big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma salvini'' LC
**** Little big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma trinitatum'' LC
**** Hairy big-eyed bat, ''Chiroderma villosum'' LC
***Genus: ''Dermanura''
**** Andersen's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura anderseni'' LC
**** Bogota fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura bogotensis'' LC
**** Gervais's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura cinerea'' LC
**** Silver fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura glauca'' LC
**** Gnome fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura gnoma'' LC
**** Pygmy fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura phaeotis'' LC
**** ''Dermanura rava'' NE
**** Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura rosenbergi'' DD
**** Toltec fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura tolteca'' LC
**** Thomas's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura watsoni'' LC
***Genus: ''Enchisthenes''
**** Velvety fruit-eating bat, ''Enchisthenes hartii'' LC
***Genus: ''Mesophylla''
**** MacConnell's bat, ''Mesophylla macconnelli'' LC
***Genus: ''Platyrrhinus''
**** Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus alberico'' LC
**** Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostris''
**** ''Platyrrhinus aquilus''
**** Eldorado broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus aurarius'' LC
**** Short-headed broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus brachycephalus'' LC
**** Choco broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus chocoensis'' EN
**** Thomas's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus dorsalis'' LC
**** Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus fusciventris''
**** Heller's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus helleri'' LC
**** ''Platyrrhinus incarum''
**** Buffy broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus infuscus'' LC
**** Platyrrhinus ismaeli, Ismael's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus ismaeli'' VU
**** White-lined broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus lineatus'' LC
**** Quechua broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus masu'' LC
**** Matapalo broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus matapalensis'' NT
**** Geoffroy's rayed bat, ''Platyrrhinus nigellus'' LC
**** ''Platyrrhinus nitelinea''
**** Recife broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus recifinus'' LC
**** Shadowy broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus umbratus'' DD
**** Greater broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus vittatus'' LC
***Genus: ''Sphaeronycteris''
**** Visored bat, ''Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum'' DD
***Genus: ''Pygoderma''
**** Ipanema bat, ''Pygoderma bilabiatum'' LC
***Genus: ''Sturnira''
**** Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira aratathomasi'' NT
**** Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira bidens'' LC
**** Bogota yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira bogotensis'' LC
**** Hairy yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira erythromos'' LC
**** Sturnira koopmanhilli, Chocó yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira koopmanhilli''
**** Little yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira lilium'' LC
**** Highland yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira ludovici'' LC
**** Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira luisi'' LC
**** Greater yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira magna'' LC
**** Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira mistratensis'' DD
**** Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira mordax'' NT
**** Lesser yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira nana'' EN
**** Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira oporaphilum'' NT
**** Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira sorianoi'' DD
**** Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira tildae'' LC
***Genus: ''Uroderma''
**** Tent-making bat, ''Uroderma bilobatum'' LC
**** Brown tent-making bat, ''Uroderma magnirostrum'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyressa''
**** Bidentate yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa bidens'' LC
**** Brock's yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa brocki'' LC
**** Melissa's yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa melissa'' VU
**** Striped yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa nymphaea'' LC
**** Southern little yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa pusilla'' DD
**** Northern little yellow-eared bat, ''Vampyressa thyone'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyrodes''
**** Great stripe-faced bat, ''Vampyrodes caraccioli'' LC
**Subfamily: Desmodontinae
***Genus: ''Desmodus''
**** Common vampire bat, ''Desmodus rotundus'' LC
***Genus: ''Diaemus''
**** White-winged vampire bat, ''Diaemus youngi'' LC
***Genus: ''Diphylla''
**** Hairy-legged vampire bat, ''Diphylla ecaudata'' LC
*Family: Natalidae (funnel-eared bats)
**Genus: ''Chilonatalus''
*** Cuban funnel-eared bat, ''Chilonatalus micropus'' NT
**Genus: ''Natalus''
*** Brazilian funnel-eared bat, ''Natalus espiritosantensis'' NT
*** Trinidadian funnel-eared bat, ''Natalus tumidirostris'' LC
*Family: Furipteridae (thumbless bats)
**Genus: ''Amorphochilus''
*** Smoky bat, ''Amorphochilus schnablii'' EN
**Genus: ''Furipterus''
*** Thumbless bat, ''Furipterus horrens'' LC
*Family: Thyropteridae (disc-winged bats)
**Genus: ''Thyroptera''
*** Peters's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera discifera'' LC
*** de Vivo's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera devivoi'' DD
*** LaVal's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera lavali'' DD
*** Spix's disk-winged bat, ''Thyroptera tricolor'' LC
=Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
=
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. South America is notable for its diversity of canids, having Talk:Great American Interchange#Canid species/genera by continent, more genera than any other continent in spite of their relatively brief history there. South America's felid diversity is also List of mammals of North America#Carnivores, greater than that of North America north of Mexico, while its mustelid diversity is comparable and its mephitid and ursid diversities are lower. Its procyonid diversity is somewhat less than List of mammals of Central America#Order: Carnivora (carnivorans), that of Central America, the center of the family's recent evolution. The diversification of canids and felids in South America was partly a consequence of the inability of the continent's native Phorusrhacidae, avian and Sparassodonta, metatherian predators to compete effectively following the Great American Interchange.
*Suborder: Feliformia
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
****Genus: ''Herpailurus''
***** Jaguarundi, ''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' LC
****Genus: ''Puma (genus), Puma''
***** Cougar, ''Puma concolor'' LC
****Genus: ''Leopardus''
***** Pampas cat, ''Leopardus colocolo'' NT
***** Geoffroy's cat, ''Leopardus geoffroyi'' LC
***** Kodkod, ''Leopardus guigna'' VU
***** Southern tigrina, ''Leopardus guttulus'' VU
***** Andean mountain cat, ''Leopardus jacobita'' EN
***** Ocelot, ''Leopardus pardalis'' LC
***** Oncilla, ''Leopardus tigrinus'' VU
***** Margay, ''Leopardus wiedii'' NT
***Subfamily: Pantherinae
****Genus: ''Panthera''
***** Jaguar, ''Panthera onca'' NT
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: ''Lycalopex''
**** Culpeo, ''Lycalopex culpaeus'' LC
**** Darwin's fox, ''Lycalopex fulvipes'' EN
**** South American gray fox, ''Lycalopex griseus'' LC
**** Pampas fox, ''Lycalopex gymnocercus'' LC
**** Sechuran fox, ''Lycalopex sechurae'' NT
**** Hoary fox, ''Lycalopex vetulus'' LC
***Genus: ''Cerdocyon''
**** Crab-eating fox, ''Cerdocyon thous'' LC
***Genus: ''Atelocynus''
**** Short-eared dog, ''Atelocynus microtis'' NT
***Genus: ''Speothos''
**** Bush dog, ''Speothos venaticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Chrysocyon''
**** Maned wolf, ''Chrysocyon brachyurus'' NT
***Genus: ''Urocyon''
**** Gray fox, ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' LC
**Family: Ursidae (bears)
***Genus: ''Tremarctos''
**** Spectacled bear, ''Tremarctos ornatus'' VU
**Family: Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies)
***Genus: ''Procyon (genus), Procyon''
**** Crab-eating raccoon, ''Procyon cancrivorus'' LC
***Genus: ''Nasua''
**** White-nosed coati, ''Nasua narica'' LC
**** South American coati, ''Nasua nasua'' LC
***Genus: ''Nasuella''
**** Eastern mountain coati, ''Nasuella meridensis'' EN
**** Western mountain coati, ''Nasuella olivacea'' NT
***Genus: ''Potos''
**** Kinkajou, ''Potos flavus'' LC
***Genus: ''Bassaricyon''
**** Bassaricyon alleni, Eastern lowland olingo, ''Bassaricyon alleni'' LC
**** Western lowland olingo, ''Bassaricyon medius'' LC
**** Olinguito, ''Bassaricyon neblina'' NT
**Family: Mustelidae (weasels, otters)
***Genus: ''Neogale''
**** Amazon weasel, ''Neogale africana'' LC
**** Colombian weasel, ''Neogale felipei'' VU
**** Long-tailed weasel, ''Neogale frenata'' LC
***Genus: ''Tayra, Eira''
**** Tayra, ''Eira barbara'' LC
***Genus: ''Galictis''
**** Lesser grison, ''Galictis cuja'' LC
**** Greater grison, ''Galictis vittata'' LC
***Genus: ''Lyncodon''
**** Patagonian weasel, ''Lyncodon patagonicus'' LC
***Genus: ''Lontra''
**** Marine otter, ''Lontra felina'' EN
**** Neotropical river otter, ''Lontra longicaudis'' NT
**** Southern river otter, ''Lontra provocax'' EN
***Genus: ''Pteronura''
**** Giant otter, ''Pteronura brasiliensis'' EN
**Family: Mephitidae (skunks)
***Genus: ''Conepatus''
**** Molina's hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus chinga'' LC
**** Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus humboldtii'' LC
**** Striped hog-nosed skunk, ''Conepatus semistriatus'' LC
**Clade: Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses)
***Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sea lions)
****Genus: ''Arctocephalus''
***** South American fur seal, ''Arctocephalus australis'' LC
***** Galápagos fur seal, ''Arctocephalus galapagoensis'' EN
***** Antarctic fur seal, ''Arctocephalus gazella'' LC
***** Juan Fernández fur seal, ''Arctocephalus philippii'' LC
***** Subantarctic fur seal, ''Arctocephalus tropicalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Otaria''
***** South American sea lion, ''Otaria flavescens'' LC
****Genus: ''Zalophus''
***** Galápagos sea lion, ''Zalophus wollebaeki'' EN
***Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
****Genus: ''Hydrurga''
***** Leopard seal, ''Hydrurga leptonyx'' LC
****Genus: ''Leptonychotes''
***** Weddell seal, ''Leptonychotes weddellii'' LC
****Genus: ''Lobodon''
***** Crabeater seal, ''Lobodon carcinophaga'' LC
****Genus: ''Mirounga''
***** Southern elephant seal, ''Mirounga leonina'' LC
=Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
=
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. Following the interchange with North America, South America's odd-toed ungulates included Equidae, equids of genus ''Equus (genus), Equus'' as well as tapirs. Equids died out in both North and South America around the time of the first arrival of humans, while tapirs died out in most of North America but survived in Central and South America. South America also once had a great diversity of Meridiungulata, ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that these orders comprise a sister group to the perissodactyls. If, as some evidence suggests, perissodactyls originated in India, both ungulate groups may have been of Gondwanan origin, despite being laurasiatheres.
*Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
**Genus: ''Tapirus''
*** Baird's tapir, ''Tapirus bairdii'' EN
*** Mountain tapir, ''Tapirus pinchaque'' EN
*** South American tapir, Lowland tapir, ''Tapirus terrestris'' VU
=Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)
=
The weight of even-toed ungulates is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. South America's Talk:Great American Interchange#Cervid species/genera by continent, considerable cervid diversity belies their relatively recent arrival. The presence of camelids in South America but not North America today is ironic, given that they have a Camelid#Evolution, 45-million-year-long history in the latter continent (where they originated), and only a 3-million-year history in the former.
*Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
**Genus: ''Catagonus''
*** Chacoan peccary, ''Catagonus wagneri'' EN
**Genus: ''Dicotyles''
*** Collared peccary, ''Dicotyles tajacu'' LC
**Genus: ''Tayassu''
*** White-lipped peccary, ''Tayassu pecari'' VU
*Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
**Genus: ''Lama (genus), Lama''
*** Guanaco, ''Lama guanicoe'' LC
*** Vicuña, ''Lama vicugna'' LC
*Family: Cervidae (deer)
**Subfamily: Capreolinae
***Genus: ''Blastocerus''
**** Marsh deer, ''Blastocerus dichotomus'' VU
***Genus: ''Hippocamelus''
**** Taruca, ''Hippocamelus antisensis'' VU
**** South Andean deer, ''Hippocamelus bisulcus'' EN
***Genus: ''Brocket deer, Mazama''
**** Red brocket, ''Mazama americana'' DD
**** Small red brocket, ''Mazama bororo'' VU
**** Merida brocket, ''Mazama bricenii'' VU
**** Dwarf brocket, ''Mazama chunyi'' VU
**** Gray brocket, ''Mazama gouazoupira'' LC
**** Pygmy brocket, ''Mazama nana'' VU
**** Amazonian brown brocket, ''Mazama nemorivaga'' LC
**** Little red brocket, ''Mazama rufina'' VU
**** Central American red brocket, ''Mazama temama'' DD
***Genus: ''Odocoileus''
**** White-tailed deer, ''Odocoileus virginianus'' LC
***Genus: ''Ozotoceros''
**** Pampas deer, ''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Pudú''
**** Northern pudú, ''Pudu mephistophiles'' VU
**** Southern pudú, ''Pudu puda'' NT
**Subfamily: Cervinae
***Genus: ''Dama (genus), Dama''
**** European fallow deer, ''D. dama'' LC introduced
Infraorder: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)
The infraorder Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully aquatic adaptation, adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the Hippopotamidae, hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.
*Parvorder: Mysticeti
**Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
***Genus: ''Eubalaena''
**** Southern right whale, ''Eubalaena australis'' LC
**Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
***Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
****Genus: ''Balaenoptera''
***** Common minke whale, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' LC
***** Antarctic minke whale, ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'' NT
***** Sei whale, ''Balaenoptera borealis'' EN
***** Bryde's whale, ''Balaenoptera brydei'' NE
***** Blue whale, ''Balaenoptera musculus'' EN
***** Fin whale, ''Balaenoptera physalus'' VU
***Subfamily: Megapterinae
****Genus: ''Megaptera''
***** Humpback whale, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' LC
**Family: Neobalaenidae
***Genus: ''Caperea''
**** Pygmy right whale, ''Caperea marginata'' LC
*Parvorder: Odontoceti
**Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
***Genus: ''Physeter''
**** Sperm whale, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' VU
**Family: Kogiidae (pygmy, dwarf sperm whales)
***Genus: ''Kogia''
**** Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps'' DD
**** Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima'' DD
**Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
***Genus: ''Ziphius''
**** Cuvier's beaked whale, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' LC
***Genus: ''Berardius''
**** Giant beaked whale, Arnoux's beaked whale, ''Berardius arnuxii'' DD
***Genus: ''Tasmacetus''
**** Shepherd's beaked whale, ''Tasmacetus shepherdi'' DD
***Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
****Genus: ''Hyperoodon''
***** Southern bottlenose whale, ''Hyperoodon planifrons'' LC
****Genus: ''Mesoplodon''
***** Andrews' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon bowdoini'' DD
***** Blainville's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' DD
***** Gervais' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon europaeus'' DD
***** Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon ginkgodens'' DD
***** Gray's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon grayi'' DD
***** Hector's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon hectori'' DD
***** Strap-toothed whale, ''Mesoplodon layardii'' DD
***** Pygmy beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon peruvianus'' DD
***** Spade-toothed whale, ''Mesoplodon traversii'' DD
**Superfamily: Inioidea (river dolphins)
***Family: Iniidae
****Genus: ''Inia''
***** Araguaian river dolphin, ''Inia araguaiaensis''
***** Amazon river dolphin, ''Inia geoffrensis'' EN
***** Bolivian river dolphin, ''Inia geoffrensis boliviensis''
***Family: Pontoporiidae
****Genus: ''La Plata dolphin, Pontoporia''
***** La Plata dolphin, ''Pontoporia blainvillei'' VU
**Superfamily: Delphinoidea
***Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
****Genus: ''Phocoena''
***** Spectacled porpoise, ''Phocoena dioptrica'' LC
***** Burmeister's porpoise, ''Phocoena spinipinnis'' NT
***Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
****Genus: ''Cephalorhynchus''
***** Commerson's dolphin, ''Cephalorhynchus commersonii'' LC
***** Chilean dolphin, ''Cephalorhynchus eutropia'' NT
****Genus: ''Steno (genus), Steno''
***** Rough-toothed dolphin, ''Steno bredanensis'' LC
****Genus: ''Sotalia''
***** Tucuxi, ''Sotalia fluviatilis'' DD
***** Guiana dolphin, ''Sotalia guianensis'' NT
****Genus: ''Tursiops''
***** Common bottlenose dolphin, ''Tursiops truncatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Stenella''
***** Pantropical spotted dolphin, ''Stenella attenuata'' LC
***** Clymene dolphin, ''Stenella clymene'' LC
***** Striped dolphin, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' LC
***** Atlantic spotted dolphin, ''Stenella frontalis'' LC
***** Spinner dolphin, ''Stenella longirostris'' LC
****Genus: ''Common dolphin, Delphinus''
***** Long-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus capensis'' DD
***** Short-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus delphis'' LC
****Genus: ''Lagenodelphis''
***** Fraser's dolphin, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' LC
****Genus: Lagenorhynchus
***** Peale's dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus australis'' DD
***** Hourglass dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus cruciger'' LC
***** Dusky dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus obscurus'' DD
****Genus: ''Lissodelphis''
***** Southern right whale dolphin, ''Lissodelphis peronii'' LC
****Genus: ''Risso's dolphin, Grampus''
***** Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus'' LC
****Genus: ''Feresa''
***** Pygmy killer whale, ''Feresa attenuata'' LC
****Genus: ''Orcinus''
***** Orca, ''Orcinus orca'' DD
****Genus: ''Pseudorca''
***** False killer whale, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' NT
****Genus: ''Globicephala''
***** Short-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus'' LC
***** Long-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala melas'' LC
****Genus: ''Peponocephala''
***** Melon-headed whale, ''Peponocephala electra'' LC
Globally extinct
The following species are globally extinct: * Red-bellied gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus ignitus'' EX * ''Propraopus, Propraopus sulcatus'' EX * ''Doedicurus, Doedicurus clavicaudatus'' EX * ''Glyptodon, Glyptodon clavipes'' * ''Hoplophorus, Hoplophorus euphractus'' EX * ''Eremotherium, Eremotherium laurillardi'' EX * ''Megatherium americanum'' EX * ''Glossotherium, Glossotherium robustum'' EX * ''Mylodon, Mylodon darwini'' EX * ''Scelidodon, Scelidodon chiliensis'' EX * ''Catonyx, Catonyx cuvieri'' EX * ''Scelidotherium, Scelidotherium leptocephalum'' EX * ''Notiomastodon, Notiomastodon platensis'' EX * ''Galea (genus), Galea tixiensis'' EX * ''Juliomys anoblepas'' EX * Ctenomys viarapaensis, ''Ctenomys viarapaensis'' EX * ''Clyomys, Clyomys riograndensis'' EX * Candango mouse, ''Juscelinomys candango'' EX * Galápagos giant rat, ''Megaoryzomys curioi'' EX * Darwin's rice rat, ''Nesoryzomys darwini'' EX * Indefatigable Galápagos mouse, ''Nesoryzomys indefessus'' EX * Vespucci's rodent, ''Noronhomys vespuccii'' EX * Desmodus draculae, Giant vampire bat, ''Desmodus draculae'' EX * Smilodon, South American saber-toothed cat, ''Smilodon populator'' EX * Falkland Island wolf, ''Dusicyon australis'' EX * ''Dusicyon avus'' EX * ''Arctotherium, Arctotherium bonariense'' EXRincón, A. D., & Soibelzon, L. H. (2007). "The fossil record of the short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae) from Venezuela. Systematic, biogeographic, and paleoecological implications". ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie'', 244. * Caribbean monk seal, ''Monachus tropicalis'' EX * ''Toxodon, Toxodon platensis'' EX * ''Xenorhinotherium, Xenorhinotherium bahiense'' EX * ''Equus neogeus'' EX * ''Palaeolama, Palaeolama major'' EXSee also
*Invasive species in South America *List of chordate orders *Lists of mammals by region *List of prehistoric mammals *List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene *Mammal classification *List of mammals described in the 2000sNotes
References
* * * * * * * * * *Google books link
*
Lists of Western Hemisphere mammals from north to south
{{South America topic, List of mammals of Lists of mammals of South America, South America Lists of mammals by continent, South America Lists of animals of South America, Mammals