This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Madagascar. As of June 2014 (following the IUCN reassessment of the lemurs) there are 241

extant Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Exta ...

mammal species recognized in

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

, of which 22 are critically endangered, 62 are endangered, 32 are vulnerable, 9 are near threatened, 72 are of least concern and 44 are either data deficient or not evaluated. All of the critically endangered species are

lemur Lemurs ( ; from Latin ) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea ( ), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are Endemism, ...

s. The mammalian fauna of Madagascar is highly distinctive and largely

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

. The extant nonmarine, nonchiropteran taxa constitute (as of June 2014) 168

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

, 40

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

and 9

families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...

; of these, besides a probably introduced shrew, endemic taxa make up all the species, all the genera, and all but one of the families. This endemic terrestrial fauna, consisting of

lemurs Lemurs ( ; from Latin ) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea ( ), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Most existing lemurs are s ...

, tenrecs, nesomyine rodents and euplerid carnivorans, is thought to have colonized the island from Africa via four (or five, if

aye-aye The aye-aye (''Daubentonia madagascariensis'') is a long-fingered lemur, a Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhine primate native to Madagascar with rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger that they can use to catch grubs ...

s arrived separately)

rafting event Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing. Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between island ...

s. The other historic terrestrial or

semiterrestrial In biology, being semi-aquatic refers to various macroorganisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in ...

mammal group, the

extinct hippopotamuses Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

, is thought to have colonized the island possibly several times, perhaps via swimming. Earlier in the

Holocene The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene to ...

, Madagascar had a number of

megafauna In zoology, megafauna (from Ancient Greek, Greek μέγας ''megas'' "large" and Neo-Latin ''fauna'' "animal life") are large animals. The precise definition of the term varies widely, though a common threshold is approximately , this lower en ...

l mammals:

giant lemurs Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago to approximately 560 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene). They include both extant a ...

such as ''

Archaeoindris ''Archaeoindris fontoynontii'' is an Subfossil lemur, extinct giant lemur and the largest primate known to have evolved on Madagascar, comparable in size to a male gorilla. It belonged to a Family (biology), family of extinct lemurs known as "sl ...

'' which at over 200 kg was comparable in mass to the largest gorillas, as well as the hippopotamuses. The island also hosted flightless

elephant bird Elephant birds are extinct flightless birds belonging to the Order (biology), order Aepyornithiformes that were native to the island of Madagascar. They are thought to have gone extinct around 1000 CE, likely as a result of human activity. Eleph ...

s weighing up to 700 kg, the largest known birds of all time. All of these went extinct following the first appearance of humans about 2000 years ago. Today, the largest surviving native mammals of the island, such as the

indri The indri (; ''Indri indri''), also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-body length of about and a weight of between . It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging. ...

and fossa, have weights only approaching 10 kg. Most if not all of the 29 listed

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

species are believed to have died out in prehistoric times; none of these are known to have survived into the post-European contact period. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the stat ...

; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

Order:
Afrosoricida The clade Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews") contains the golden moles of Southern Africa, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar. These three groups of small mamma ...
(tenrecs, otter shrews and golden moles)

The

afrotheria Afrotheria ( from Latin ''Afro-'' "of Africa" + ''theria'' "wild beast") is a superorder of placental mammals, the living members of which belong to groups that are either currently living in Africa or of African origin: golden moles, elephan ...

n order Afrosoricida contains the

golden mole Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. They comprise the family Chrysochloridae (the only family in the suborder Chrysochloridea) and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, f ...

s and

otter shrew Potamogalidae is the family of "otter shrews", a group of semiaquatic riverine afrotherian mammals indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. They are most closely related to the tenrecs of Madagascar, from which they are thought to have split about 47� ...

s of

sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the list of sovereign states and ...

and the tenrecs of

, families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora. All native tenrecs of Madagascar are believed to descend from a common ancestor that lived 29–37 million years (Ma) ago after

rafting Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water. Dealing with risk is often a ...

from Africa, with the split from their closest relatives, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa, dated to about 47–53 Ma ago. Afrosoricida also contains the enigmatic extinct genus ''

Plesiorycteropus ''Plesiorycteropus'', also known as the bibymalagasy or Malagasy aardvark, is a recently extinct genus of mammals from Madagascar. Upon its description in 1895, it was classified with the aardvark, but more recent molecular evidence instead sug ...

'', represented by two extinct species of dog-sized, probably insectivorous mammals restricted to Madagascar. Morphological analyses have tended to place them within

Afrotheria Afrotheria ( from Latin ''Afro-'' "of Africa" + ''theria'' "wild beast") is a superorder of placental mammals, the living members of which belong to groups that are either currently living in Africa or of African origin: golden moles, elephan ...

close to

aardvark Aardvarks ( ; ''Orycteropus afer'') are medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammals native to Africa. Aardvarks are the only living species of the family Orycteropodidae and the order Tubulidentata. They have a long proboscis, similar to a pi ...

s (order

Tubulidentata Orycteropodidae is a family of afrotherian mammals. Although there are many fossil species, the only species surviving today is the aardvark, ''Orycteropus afer''. Orycteropodidae is recognized as the only family within the order Tubulidentata, ...

), perhaps due to convergent specializations for digging. Analysis of preserved collagen sequences, however, places them in Afrosoricida closest to (and possibly within) tenrecs. The two species differ in size and aspects of morphology. They survived until as recently as 2150 BP. *Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs) **Subfamily: Geogalinae ***Genus: '' Geogale'' **** Large-eared tenrec, ''G. aurita'' **Subfamily: Oryzorictinae ***Genus: '' Microgale'' **** Short-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale brevicaudata'' **** Cowan's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale cowani'' **** Drouhard's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale drouhardi'' **** Dryad shrew tenrec, ''Microgale dryas'' **** Pale shrew tenrec, ''Microgale fotsifotsy'' **** Gracile shrew tenrec, ''Microgale gracilis'' **** Grandidier's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale grandidieri'' ****

Naked-nosed shrew tenrec The naked-nosed shrew tenrec (''Microgale gymnorhyncha'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, moist lowland ...

, ''Microgale gymnorhyncha'' **** Jenkins's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale jenkinsae'' **** Northern shrew tenrec, ''Microgale jobihely'' **** Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale longicaudata'' **** Major's long-tailed tenrec, (''Microgale majori'') **** Web-footed tenrec, ''Microgale mergulus'' **** Montane shrew tenrec, ''Microgale monticola'' **** Nasolo's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale nasoloi'' **** Pygmy shrew tenrec, ''Microgale parvula'' **** Greater long-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale principula'' **** Least shrew tenrec, ''Microgale pusilla'' **** Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale soricoides'' **** Taiva shrew tenrec, ''Microgale taiva'' **** Thomas's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale thomasi'' ***Genus: '' Nesogale'' **** Dobson's shrew tenrec, ''Nesogale dobsoni'' **** Talazac's shrew tenrec, ''Nesogale talazaci'' ***Genus: '' Oryzorictes'' **** Mole-like rice tenrec, ''Oryzorictes hova'' **** Four-toed rice tenrec, ''Oryzorictes teradactylus'' **Subfamily:

Tenrecinae Tenrecinae is a Tenrecidae, tenrec subfamily endemic to the island of Madagascar. It contains the largest species in the family, ''Tenrec ecaudatus''. All members of the genus possess Spine (zoology), spines, analogous to those of hedgehogs, for ...

***Genus: '' Echinops'' **** Lesser hedgehog tenrec, ''Echinops telfairi'' ***Genus: '' Hemicentetes'' **** Highland streaked tenrec, ''Hemicentetes nigriceps'' **** Lowland streaked tenrec, ''Hemicentetes semispinosus'' ***Genus: '' Setifer'' **** Greater hedgehog tenrec, ''Setifer setosus'' ***Genus: ''

Tenrec A tenrec () is a mammal belonging to any species within the afrotherian family Tenrecidae, which is endemic to Madagascar. Tenrecs are a very diverse group, as a result of adaptive radiation, and exhibit convergent evolution, some resemble hed ...

'' **** Tailless tenrec, ''Tenrec ecaudatus''

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(manatees and dugongs)

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. The dugong ranges widely along coastlines from east Africa to Australasia. It and the tenrecs are Madagascar's only

ns. *Family:

Dugongidae Dugongidae is a Family (biology), family in the Order (biology), order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently Extinction, extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a n ...

**Genus: ''

Dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest ...

'' ***

, ''D. dugon''

Order:
Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...

The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the

monkey Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes. Thus monkeys, in that sense, co ...

s, and

ape Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory, and counting humans are found global ...

s, with the latter category including

humans Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

. It is divided into four main groupings:

strepsirrhine Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and Southeast Asia. Colle ...

tarsier Tarsiers ( ) are haplorhine primates of the family Tarsiidae, which is the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes. Although the group was prehistorically more globally widespread, all of the existing species are restricted to M ...

s, monkeys of the

New World The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas, and sometimes Oceania."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: ...

, and monkeys and apes of the

Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...

. Strepsirrhines make up all of Madagascar's native primates species, but comprise only a quarter of those of Africa, the rest being

simian The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkey, Platyrrhini (New World mon ...

s. Madagascar's strepsirrhines occupy both diurnal and

nocturnal Nocturnality is a ethology, behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatur ...

niches, while all those of Asia and mainland Africa are nocturnal and nearly all simians are diurnal (the only exception being neotropical '' Aotus'', which lives where strepsirrhines are absent).Cawthon Lang KA. 2005 July 18
Primate Factsheets: Owl monkey (''Aotus'') Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology
Accessed 2015 March 26. Madagascar's 15 genera of extant nonhuman primates compares with 6 in Central America, 20 in South America, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. A number of lemur species larger than any now alive, ranging in size up to that of a gorilla, are believed to have become extinct shortly after the recent arrival of humans. The endemic primates of Madagascar, the lemurs, constitute a single

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

and are the largest branch of strepsirrhines. It has been proposed that a common ancestor of all Madagascar's lemurs rafted across the

Mozambique Channel The Mozambique Channel (, , ) is an arm of the Indian Ocean located between the Southeast African countries of Madagascar and Mozambique. The channel is about long and across at its narrowest point, and reaches a depth of about off the coa ...

from Africa between 50 and 60 million years ago. However, findings of similarities in dentition between several African primate fossils and

s, the most basal of lemurs, have led to the alternate proposal that the ancestors of aye-ayes colonized Madagascar separately from other lemurs. Between 2000 and 2008, 39 new lemur species were described, bringing the total number of recognized species and subspecies to 99; by 2014, the number of extant species and subspecies recognized had increased to 105. Of these, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as of least concern and four as data deficient; two were yet to be evaluated. *Suborder:

Strepsirrhini Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a Order (biology), suborder of primates that includes the Lemuriformes, lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Fauna of Madagascar, Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Fauna of A ...

**Infraorder:

Lemuriformes Lemuriformes is the sole extant infraorder of primate that falls under the suborder Strepsirrhini. It includes the lemurs of Madagascar, as well as the galagos and lorisids of Africa and Asia, although a popular alternative taxonomy places the ...

***Family:

Cheirogaleidae The Cheirogaleidae are the family of strepsirrhine primates containing the various dwarf and mouse lemurs. Like all other lemurs, cheirogaleids live exclusively on the island of Madagascar. Characteristics Cheirogaleids are smaller than the othe ...

**** Genus: '' Allocebus'' ***** Hairy-eared dwarf lemur, ''Allocebus trichotis'' ****Genus: '' Cheirogaleus'' ***** Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus andysabini'' ***** Furry-eared dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus crossleyi'' ***** Groves' dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus grovesi'' ***** Lavasoa dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus lavasoensis'' ***** Greater dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus major'' *****

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur The fat-tailed dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus medius''), also known as the lesser dwarf lemur, western fat-tailed dwarf lemur, or spiny forest dwarf lemur, is endemic to Madagascar. The fat-tailed dwarf lemur is long from its head to the end of i ...

, ''Cheirogaleus medius'' ***** Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus minusculus'' NE ***** Ankarana dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus shethi'' ***** Sibree's dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus sibreei'' **** Genus: '' Microcebus'' ***** Arnhold's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus arnholdi'' ***** Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus berthae'' ***** Bongolava mouse lemur, ''Microcebus bongolavensis'' ***** Boraha mouse lemur, ''Microcebus boraha'' ***** Danfoss' mouse lemur, ''Microcebus danfossi'' ***** Ganzhorn's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus ganzhorni'' ***** Gerp's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus gerpi'' ***** Reddish-gray mouse lemur, ''Microcebus griseorufus'' ***** Jolly's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus jollyae'' ***** Goodman's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus lehilahytsara'' ***** MacArthur's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus macarthurii'' ***** Claire's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus mamiratra'' ***** Manitatra mouse lemur, ''Microcebus manitatra'' ***** Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus margotmarshae'' ***** Marohita mouse lemur, ''Microcebus marohita'' ***** Mittermeier's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus mittermeieri'' ***** Gray mouse lemur, ''Microcebus murinus'' NE ***** Pygmy mouse lemur, ''Microcebus myoxinus'' ***** Golden-brown mouse lemur, ''Microcebus ravelobensis'' ***** Brown mouse lemur, ''Microcebus rufus'' ***** Sambirano mouse lemur, ''Microcebus sambiranensis'' ***** Simmons' mouse lemur, ''Microcebus simmonsi'' NE ***** Anosy mouse lemur, ''Microcebus tanosi'' ***** Northern rufous mouse lemur, ''Microcebus tavaratra'' **** Genus: '' Mirza'' ***** Coquerel's giant mouse lemur, ''Mirza coquereli'' ***** Northern giant mouse lemur, ''Mirza zaza'' **** Genus: '' Phaner'' ***** Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur, ''Phaner electromontis'' ***** Masoala fork-marked lemur, ''Phaner furcifer'' ***** Pale fork-marked lemur, ''Phaner pallescens'' ***** Pariente's fork-marked lemur, ''Phaner parienti'' *** Family: Daubentoniidae **** Genus: ''

Daubentonia ''Daubentonia'' is the sole genus of the Daubentoniidae, a family of lemuroid primate native to much of Madagascar. The aye-aye ''(Daubentonia madagascariensis)'' is the only extant member. However, a second species known as the giant aye-aye ...

'' *****

Aye-aye The aye-aye (''Daubentonia madagascariensis'') is a long-fingered lemur, a Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhine primate native to Madagascar with rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger that they can use to catch grubs ...

, ''Daubentonia madagascariensis'' *** Family:

Indriidae The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium- to large-sized lemurs, with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. Indriids, like all lemurs, live exclusively on ...

**** Genus: '' Avahi'' ***** Betsileo woolly lemur, ''Avahi betsileo'' ***** Bemaraha woolly lemur, ''Avahi cleesei'' ***** Eastern woolly lemur, ''Avahi laniger'' ***** Southern woolly lemur, ''Avahi meridionalis'' ***** Moore's woolly lemur, ''Avahi mooreorum'' ***** Western woolly lemur, ''Avahi occidentalis'' ***** Peyrieras's woolly lemur, ''Avahi peyrierasi'' ***** Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur, ''Avahi ramanantsoavanai'' VU ***** Sambirano woolly lemur, ''Avahi unicolor'' **** Genus: ''

Indri The indri (; ''Indri indri''), also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-body length of about and a weight of between . It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging. ...

'' *****

, ''Indri indri'' **** Genus: '' Propithecus'' *****

Silky sifaka The silky sifaka (''Propithecus candidus'') is a large lemur characterized by long, silky, white fur. It has a very restricted range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the ''simpona''. It is one of the rarest mammals on Eart ...

, ''Propithecus candidus'' *****

Coquerel's sifaka Coquerel's sifaka (''Propithecus coquereli'') is a Diurnality, diurnal, medium-sized lemur of the sifaka genus ''Sifaka, Propithecus''. It is native to northwest Madagascar. Coquerel's sifaka was once considered a subspecies of Verreaux's sifaka ...

, ''Propithecus coquereli'' ***** Crowned sifaka, ''Propithecus coronatus'' ***** Von der Decken's sifaka, ''Propithecus deckenii'' ***** Diademed sifaka, ''Propithecus diadema'' ***** Milne-Edwards's sifaka, ''Propithecus edwardsi'' ***** Perrier's sifaka, ''Propithecus perrieri'' ***** Golden-crowned sifaka, ''Propithecus tattersalli'' ***** Verreaux's sifaka, ''Propithecus verreauxi'' *** Family:

Lemuridae Lemuridae is a family of strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar and the Comoros. They are represented by the Lemuriformes in Madagascar with one of the highest concentration of the lemurs. One of five families commonly known as lemurs, these ...

(large lemurs) **** Genus: '' Eulemur'' ***** White-headed lemur, ''Eulemur albifrons'' ***** Gray-headed lemur, ''Eulemur cinereiceps'' ***** Collared brown lemur, ''Eulemur collaris'' *****

Crowned lemur The crowned lemur (''Eulemur coronatus'') is a lemur that is long and weighs . Its tail is about long. Description The crowned lemur is endemic to the dry deciduous forests of the northern tip of Madagascar. It eats a diet of mostly flowers, f ...

, ''Eulemur coronatus'' ***** Blue-eyed black lemur, ''Eulemur flavifrons'' ***** Common brown lemur, ''Eulemur fulvus'' ***** Black lemur, ''Eulemur macaco'' *****

Mongoose lemur The mongoose lemur (''Eulemur mongoz'') is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and introduced to the Comoros, Comoros Islands. These arboreal animals have pointed faces, long, bushy tails, dark-brown upper parts, pale be ...

, ''Eulemur mongoz'' ***** Red-bellied lemur, ''Eulemur rubriventer'' ***** Red-fronted lemur, ''Eulemur rufifrons'' ***** Red lemur, ''Eulemur rufus'' ***** Sanford's brown lemur, ''Eulemur sanfordi'' **** Genus: '' Hapalemur'' ***** Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur alaotrensis'' ***** Golden bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur aureus'' ***** Eastern lesser bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus'' ****** Beanamalao bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus gilberti'' ****** Eastern lesser bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus griseus'' ****** Ranomafana bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis'' ***** Southern lesser bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur meridionalis'' *****

Western lesser bamboo lemur The western lesser bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur occidentalis''), also known as the northern bamboo lemur, western gentle lemur, or Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur, is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to Madagascar. Description The total length of th ...

, ''Hapalemur occidentalis'' ***** Greater bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur simus'' **** Genus: ''

Lemur Lemurs ( ; from Latin ) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea ( ), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are Endemism, ...

'' *****

Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur (''Lemur catta'') is a medium- to larger-sized strepsirrhine (wet-nosed) primate and the most internationally recognized lemur species, owing to its long, black-and-white, ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of fiv ...

, ''Lemur catta'' **** Genus: '' Varecia'' ***** Red ruffed lemur, ''Varecia rubra'' *****

Black-and-white ruffed lemur The black-and-white ruffed lemur (''Varecia variegata'') is an endangered species of ruffed lemur, ruffed lemur, one of two which are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Despite having a larger range than the red ruffed lemur, it has a much sma ...

, ''Varecia variegata'' ****** Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur, ''Varecia variegata editorum'' ****** White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur, ''Varecia variegata subcincta'' ******

, ''Varecia variegata variegata'' *** Family:

Lepilemuridae The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae. The family consists of only one extant genus, ''Lepilemur''. They are closely related to the other lemurs and exclusively live on the island of Madagascar. ...

**** Genus: '' Lepilemur'' ***** Antafia sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur aeeclis'' ***** Ahmanson's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur ahmansonorum'' ***** Ankarana sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur ankaranensis'' ***** Betsileo sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur betsileo'' ***** Gray-backed sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur dorsalis'' ***** Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur edwardsi'' ***** Fleurete's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur fleuretae'' ***** Grewcock's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur grewcockorum'' ***** Holland's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur hollandorum'' ***** Hubbard's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur hubbardorum'' ***** James' sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur jamesorum'' ***** White-footed sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur leucopus'' ***** Small-toothed sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur microdon'' ***** Daraina sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur milanoii'' ***** Mittermeier's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur mittermeieri'' ***** Weasel sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur mustelinus'' ***** Otto's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur otto'' ***** Petter's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur petteri'' ***** Randrianasolo's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur randrianasoloi'' ***** Red-tailed sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur ruficaudatus'' ***** Sahamalaza sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur sahamalazensis'' ***** Scott's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur scottorum'' ***** Seal's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur seali'' ***** Northern sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur septentrionalis'' ***** Hawks' sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur tymerlachsonorum'' ***** Wright's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur wrightae''

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two

incisor Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, wher ...

s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the

capybara The capybara or greater capybara (''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'') is the largest living rodent, native to South America. It is a member of the genus '' Hydrochoerus''. The only other extant member is the lesser capybara (''Hydrochoerus isthmi ...

can weigh up to . All the native nesomyid rodents of Madagascar are believed to descend from a common ancestor that rafted over from Africa 20–24 million years ago. There are about 39 nesomyid species in five subfamilies in Africa, compared to 27 in one subfamily extant in Madagascar. While nesomyids make up all of the native rodent species of Madagascar, they constitute less than 10% of those of Africa. *Suborder:

Sciurognathi Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as ...

**Family:

Nesomyidae The Nesomyidae are a family (biology), family of African rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes several subfamilies, all of which are native to either continental Africa or to Madagascar. Included in this family are N ...

***Subfamily:

Nesomyinae The Malagasy rodents are the sole members of the subfamily Nesomyinae. These animals are the only native rodents of Madagascar, come in many shapes and sizes, and occupy a wide variety of ecological niches. There are nesomyines that resemble ge ...

****Genus: '' Brachytarsomys'' ***** White-tailed antsangy, ''Brachytarsomys albicauda'' ***** Hairy-tailed antsangy, ''Brachytarsomys villosa'' ****Genus: '' Brachyuromys'' ***** Betsileo short-tailed rat, ''Brachyuromys betsileoensis'' ***** Gregarious short-tailed rat, ''Brachyuromys ramirohitra'' ****Genus: '' Eliurus'' ***** Tsingy tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus antsingy'' ***** Ankarana Special Reserve tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus carletoni'' ***** Daniel's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus danieli'' ***** Ellerman's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus ellermani'' ***** Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus grandidieri'' ***** Major's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus majori'' ***** Lesser tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus minor'' ***** Dormouse tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus myoxinus'' ***** White-tipped tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus penicillatus'' ***** Petter's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus petteri'' ***** Tanala tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus tanala'' ***** Webb's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus webbi'' ****Genus: '' Gymnuromys'' ***** Voalavoanala, ''Gymnuromys roberti'' ****Genus: '' Hypogeomys'' *****

Malagasy giant rat The Malagasy giant rat (''Hypogeomys antimena''), also known as the votsotsa or votsovotsa, is a nesomyid rodent found only in the Menabe region of Madagascar. It is an endangered species due to habitat loss, slow reproduction, and limited ...

, ''Hypogeomys antimena'' ****Genus: '' Macrotarsomys'' ***** Bastard big-footed mouse, ''Macrotarsomys bastardi'' ***** Greater big-footed mouse, ''Macrotarsomys ingens'' ***** Petter's big-footed mouse, ''Macrotarsomys petteri'' ****Genus: '' Monticolomys'' ***** Malagasy mountain mouse, ''Monticolomys koopmani'' ****Genus: ''

Nesomys ''Nesomys'', also called red forest rats, is a genus of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only on Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and num ...

'' ***** White-bellied nesomys, ''Nesomys audeberti'' ***** Western nesomys, ''Nesomys lambertoni'' ***** Island mouse, ''Nesomys rufus'' ****Genus: '' Voalavo'' ***** Eastern voalavo, ''Voalavo antsahabensis'' ***** Naked-tailed voalavo, ''Voalavo gymnocaudus''

Order:
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, from '' eu-'' + '' Lipotyphla'', meaning truly lacking blind gut; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the Erinaceidae ( hedgehogs and gymnures); Solenodontidae (solenodons); Talpidae ( mole ...
(shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and

solenodon Solenodons (from , 'channel' or 'pipe' and , 'tooth') are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae . The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solenodon (''Atopogale cubana'') and t ...

s closely resemble mice,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

s carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. There is one species of shrew on Madagascar, which is often considered to be conspecific with the widely distributed

Etruscan shrew The Etruscan shrew (''Suncus etruscus''), also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew, white-toothed pygmy shrew and Savi's pygmy shrew, is the smallest known extant mammal by mass, weighing only about on average. (The bumblebee bat is regarded as t ...

, ''Suncus etruscus'', and likely to have been introduced to Madagascar from South or Southeast Asia by humans.Omar, H.; Adamson, E.A.S.; Bhauur, S.; Goodman, S.M.; Soarimalala, V.; Hashim, R.; Ruedi, M. (2011)
Phylogenetic relationships of Malayan and Malagasy pygmy shrews of the genus ''Suncus'' (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences
''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology'' 59(2): 237-243. *Family: Soricidae (shrews) **Subfamily: Crocidurinae ***Genus: '' Suncus'' **** Madagascan pygmy shrew, ''S. madagascariensis''

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Of the 46 species, 22 genera and 8 families of bats present on Madagascar, 36 species but only '' Myzopoda'' and

Myzopodidae ''Myzopoda'' is a genus of bat, the only member of the monotypic family (biology), family Myzopodidae, with two described species. Myzopodidae is unique as the only family of bats currently endemic to Madagascar. However, fossil discoveries indic ...

are endemic (the family was formerly present, however, on the African mainland). '' Paratriaenops'' is endemic to Madagascar plus the

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Seychellois Creole: ), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 155 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, ...

. *Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) **Subfamily:

Pteropodinae The Pteropodinae are a subfamily of megabats. Taxa within this subfamily are: * Genus '' Acerodon'' ** Sulawesi flying fox, ''A. celebensis'' ** Talaud flying fox, ''A. humilis'' ** Giant golden-crowned flying fox, ''A. jubatus'' ** Palawan frui ...

***Genus: '' Eidolon'' **** Madagascan fruit bat, ''Eidolon dupreanum'' ***Genus: ''

Pteropus ''Pteropus'' (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world. They are commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, among other colloquial names. They live in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Aust ...

'' **** Madagascan flying fox, ''Pteropus rufus'' ***Genus: ''

Rousettus ''Rousettus'' is a genus of Old World fruit bats or megabats, referred to as rousette bats. The genus is a member of the Family_(biology), family Pteropodidae. The genus consists of seven species that range over most of Africa to southeast Asia, ...

'' ****

Madagascan rousette The Madagascan rousette (''Rousettus madagascariensis'') or Madagascar rousette, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. Description The Madagascan r ...

, ''Rousettus madagascariensis'' *Family:

Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat familie ...

**Subfamily: Myotinae ***Genus: ''

Myotis The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" ( ...

'' **** Malagasy mouse-eared bat, ''Myotis goudoti'' **Subfamily:

Vespertilioninae The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae. Classification Subfamily Vespertilioninae *Tribe Antrozoini **Genus '' Antrozous'' *** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus'' **Genus '' Bauerus'' *** Van Ge ...

***Genus: '' Hypsugo'' ****

Anchieta's pipistrelle Anchieta's serotine (''Neoromicia anchietae''), formerly known as Anchieta's pipistrelle, is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. The species inhabits sav ...

, ''Hypsugo anchietae'' ***Genus: '' Neoromicia'' **** Isalo serotine, ''Neoromicia malagasyensis'' **** Malagasy serotine, ''Neoromicia matroka'' **** '' Neoromicia robertsi'' ***Genus: ''

Pipistrellus ''Pipistrellus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae and subfamily Vespertilioninae. The name of the genus is derived from the Italian word , meaning "bat" (from Latin "bird of evening, bat"). The size of the genus has been co ...

'' **** Dusky pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus hesperidus'' **** Racey's pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus raceyi'' ***Genus: '' Scotophilus'' **** Lesser yellow bat, ''Scotophilus borbonicus'' **** Marovaza house bat, ''Scotophilus marovaza'' **** Robust yellow bat, ''Scotophilus robustus'' **** Western yellow bat, ''Scotophilus tandrefana'' *Family: Miniopteridae **Genus: '' Miniopterus'' *** '' Miniopterus aelleni'' *** '' Miniopterus brachytragos'' *** Eger's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus egeri'' *** Glen's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus gleni'' *** Griffith's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus griffithsi'' *** '' Miniopterus griveaudi'' *** '' Miniopterus mahafaliensis'' *** Major's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus majori'' *** Manavi long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus manavi'' *** Peterson's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus petersoni'' *** Sororcula long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus sororculus'' *Family: Molossidae **Genus: '' Chaerephon'' *** '' Chaerephon atsinanana'' *** Black and red free-tailed bat, ''Chaerephon jobimena'' *** Grandidier's free-tailed bat, ''Chaerephon leucogaster'' **Genus: ''

Mops MOPS (3-(''N''-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer solution, buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES (buffer), MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES ...

'' *** Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat, ''Mops leucostigma'' *** Midas free-tailed bat, ''Mops midas'' **Genus: '' Mormopterus'' *** Peter's wrinkle-lipped bat, ''Mormopterus jugularis'' **Genus: ''

Otomops ''Otomops'' is a genus of bat in the family Molossidae. Molecular sequence data supports it as a monophyletic taxon, although not a number of other molossid genera. ''Otomops'' contains the following species: * ''O. formosus'', Javan mastiff ...

'' *** Madagascar free-tailed bat, ''Otomops madagascariensis'' **Genus: '' Tadarida'' *** Madagascan large free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida fulminans'' *Family:

Emballonuridae Emballonuridae is a family of microbats, many of which are referred to as sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The earliest fossil records are from the Eocene. Desc ...

**Genus: '' Coleura'' *** African sheath-tailed bat, ''Coleura afra'' **Genus: ''

Emballonura ''Emballonura'' (meaning: Erect tail) is a genus of sac-winged bats in the family Emballonuridae. It contains these species: * Small Asian sheath-tailed bat (''E. alecto'') * Beccari's sheath-tailed bat (''E. beccarii'') * Large-eared sheath-tai ...

'' *** Peters's sheath-tailed bat, ''Emballonura atrata'' **Genus: '' Paremballonura'' *** Western sheath-tailed bat, ''Paremballonura tiavato'' **Genus: '' Taphozous'' *** Mauritian tomb bat, ''Taphozous mauritianus'' *Family: Nycteridae **Genus: '' Nycteris'' *** Malagasy slit-faced bat, ''Nycteris madagascariensis'' *Family:

Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family (biology), family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own fa ...

**Genus: '' Hipposideros'' **Genus: '' Macronycteris'' *** Commerson's roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris commersoni'' *** '' Macronycteris cryptovalorona'' **Genus: '' Paratriaenops'' ***

Grandidier's trident bat Grandidier's trident bat (''Paratriaenops auritus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae endemic to Madagascar. It was formerly assigned to the genus ''Triaenops'', but is now placed in the separate genus ''Paratriaenops''. Taxonomy ...

, ''Paratriaenops auritus'' *** Trouessart's trident bat, ''Paratriaenops furcula'' **Genus: '' Triaenops'' *** '' Triaenops menamena'' *Family:

**Genus: '' Myzopoda'' ***

Madagascar sucker-footed bat The Madagascar sucker-footed bat, Old World sucker-footed bat, or simply sucker-footed bat (''Myzopoda aurita'') is a species of bat in the family Myzopodidae endemic to Madagascar, especially in the eastern part of the forests. The genus was tho ...

, ''Myzopoda aurita'' ***

Western sucker-footed bat The western sucker-footed bat (''Myzopoda schliemanni'') is a Bat endemic to Madagascar. Little is known about its habits, but they are assumed to be similar to those of the Madagascar sucker-footed bat.Garbutt, Nick; ''Mammals of Madagascar''; ...

, ''Myzopoda schliemanni''

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. The native terrestrial carnivorans of Madagascar are all euplerids, which are believed to descend from a common ancestor that rafted over from Africa 19–26 million years ago. Their closest relatives are the herpestids, the African and Eurasian mongooses. Malagasy mongooses are not "true" mongooses but rather are thought to represent an example of convergent or

parallel evolution Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response to similar evolutionary pressure.Zhang, J. and Kumar, S. 1997Detection of convergent and pa ...

. About 30% of African terrestrial carnivoran species are herpestids. *Suborder:

Feliformia Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including Felidae, cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, ...

**Family:

Eupleridae Eupleridae is a Family (biology), family of carnivorans endemic to Madagascar and comprising 10 known living species in seven genus, genera, commonly known as euplerids, Malagasy mongooses or Malagasy carnivorans. The best known species is t ...

***Subfamily: Euplerinae ****Genus: '' Cryptoprocta'' ***** Fossa, ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' ****Genus: '' Eupleres'' ***** Eastern falanouc, ''Eupleres goudotii'' ***** Western falanouc, ''Eupleres major'' ****Genus: '' Fossa'' ***** Malagasy civet, ''Fossa fossana'' ***Subfamily: Galidiinae ****Genus: '' Galidia'' ***** Ring-tailed vontsira, ''Galidia elegans'' ****Genus: '' Galidictis'' ***** Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose, ''Galidictis fasciata'' ***** Grandidier's vontsira, ''Galidictis grandidieri'' ****Genus: '' Mungotictis'' ***** Narrow-striped mongoose, ''Mungotictis decemlineata'' ****Genus: '' Salanoia'' *****

Brown-tailed mongoose The brown-tailed mongoose, brown-tailed vontsira, Malagasy brown-tailed mongoose, or salano (''Salanoia concolor'') is a species of mammal in the family Eupleridae. It is Fauna of Madagascar, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is Madagasc ...

, ''Salanoia concolor'' ***** Durrell's vontsira, ''Salanoia durrelli'' NE *Suborder:

Caniformia Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include Canidae, dogs (Wolf, wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and Mustelidae, mustelids. The Pinnipedia (pinniped, seals, walruses and sea lions) ...

**Clade Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses) ***Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions) ****Genus: '' Arctophoca'' ***** Subantarctic fur seal, ''Arctophoca tropicalis''

Order:
Artiodactyla Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order (biology), order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof ...
(even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)

*Family:

Suidae Suidae is a family (biology), family of Even-toed ungulate, artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs, or swine. In addition to numerous fossil species, 18 Extant taxon, extant species are currently recognized (or 19 counting domes ...

(suids) **Genus: '' Potamochoerus'' ***

Bushpig :''"Bush pig" may also refer to the red river hog.'' The bushpig (''Potamochoerus larvatus'') is a member of the pig family that inhabits forests, woodland, riverine vegetation and cultivated areas in East and Southern Africa. Probably introd ...

, ''Potamochoerus larvatus'' introduced

Order:
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ...
(whales, dolphins and porpoises)

The infraorder Cetacea includes

whale Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully Aquatic animal, aquatic placental mammal, placental marine mammals. As an informal and Colloquialism, colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea ...

dolphin A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the cetacean clade Odontoceti (toothed whale). Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontopori ...

s and

porpoise Porpoises () are small Oceanic dolphin, dolphin-like cetaceans classified under the family Phocoenidae. Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals and Beluga whale, belugas than to the Oceanic dolphi ...

s. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the

hippos A hippo or hippopotamus is either of two species of large African mammal which live mainly in and near water: * Hippopotamus * Pygmy hippopotamus Hippo or Hippos may also refer to: Toponymy * The ancient city of Hippo Regius (modern Annaba, Alg ...

, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls. *Parvorder:

Mysticeti Baleen whales (), also known as whalebone whales, are marine mammals of the parvorder Mysticeti in the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises), which use baleen plates (or "whalebone") in their mouths to sieve plankton from the wate ...

**Family:

Balaenopteridae Rorquals () are the largest clade, group of baleen whales, comprising the family (biology), family Balaenopteridae, which contains nine extant taxon, extant species in two genus, genera. They include the largest known animal that has ever lived, ...

***Subfamily: Balaenopterinae ****Genus: ''

Balaenoptera ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two aforemen ...

'' *****

Common minke whale The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Althoug ...

, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' ***** Antarctic minke whale, ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'' *****

Sei whale The sei whale ( , ; ''Balaenoptera borealis'') is a baleen whale. It is one of ten rorqual species, and the third-largest member after the blue and fin whales. It can grow to in length and weigh as much as . Two subspecies are recognized: ...

, ''Balaenoptera borealis '' ****** Southern sei whale, ''B. b. schlegelii'' *****

Bryde's whale Bryde's whale ( ), or the Bryde's whale complex, putatively comprises three species of rorqual and possibly four. The "complex" means the number and classification remain unclear because of a lack of definitive information and research. The c ...

, ''Balaenoptera edeni'' *****

Pygmy blue whale The pygmy blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda'') is a subspecies of the blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') found in the Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The pygmy blue whale formed from a founder group of An ...

, ''Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda'' ***** Southern

blue whale The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...

, ''Balaenoptera musculus'' ****** Southern blue whale, ''B. m. intermedia'' ***** Omura's whale, ''Balaenoptera omurai'' *****

Fin whale The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as the finback whale or common rorqual, is a species of baleen whale and the second-longest cetacean after the blue whale. The biggest individual reportedly measured in length, wi ...

, ''Balaenoptera physalus'' ****** Southern fin whale, ''B. p. quoyi'' ***Subfamily: Megapterinae ****Genus: '' Megaptera'' *****

Humpback whale The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh u ...

, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' **Family:

Cetotheriidae Cetotheriidae is a family of baleen whales (parvorder Mysticeti). The family is known to have existed from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene before going extinct. Although some phylogenetic studies conducted by recovered the living py ...

***Subfamily: Neobalaeninae ****Genus: '' Caperea'' *****

Pygmy right whale The pygmy right whale (''Caperea marginata'') is a species of baleen whale. It may be a member of the cetotheres, a family of baleen whales which until 2012 were thought to be extinct; ''C. marginata'' has otherwise been considered the sole m ...

, ''Caperea marginata'' **Family:

Balaenidae Balaenidae () is a Family (biology), family of whales of the parvorder Mysticeti (baleen whales) that contains mostly fossil taxa and two living genera: the right whale (genus ''Eubalaena''), and the closely related bowhead whale (genus ''Balaena ...

***Genus: ''

Eubalaena Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are class ...

'' ****

Southern right whale The southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus ''Eubalaena''. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20� ...

, ''Eubalaena australis '' *Parvorder:

Odontoceti The toothed whales (also called odontocetes, systematic name Odontoceti) are a parvorder of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales with teeth, such as beaked whales and the sperm whales. 73 species of toothed whales ar ...

**Family:

Physeteridae Physeteroidea is a superfamily that includes three extant species of whales: the sperm whale, in the genus '' Physeter'', and the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale, in the genus ''Kogia''. In the past, these genera have sometimes been unit ...

***Genus: '' Physeter'' ****

Sperm whale The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the Genus (biology), genus ''Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the s ...

, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' **Family:

Kogiidae Kogiidae is a family comprising at least two extant species of Cetacea, the pygmy (''Kogia breviceps)'' and dwarf (''K. sima)'' sperm whales. As their common names suggest, they somewhat resemble sperm whales, with squared heads and small lower ...

***Genus: '' Kogia'' ****

Pygmy sperm whale The pygmy sperm whale (''Kogia breviceps'') is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the Physeteroidea, sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of ...

, ''Kogia breviceps'' ****

Dwarf sperm whale The dwarf sperm whale (''Kogia sima'') is a sperm whale that inhabits temperate and tropical oceans worldwide, in particular continental shelves and slopes. It was first described by biologist Richard Owen in 1866, based on illustrations by na ...

, ''Kogia sima'' **Family: Ziphidae ***Genus: '' Indopacetus'' **** Tropical bottlenose whale, ''Indopacetus pacificus'' ***Genus: '' Ziphius'' ****

Cuvier's beaked whale Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whale, or ziphius (''Ziphius cavirostris'') is the most widely distributed of all beaked whales in the family Beaked whale, Ziphiidae. It is smaller than most baleen whales—and indeed the larger Toothed whal ...

, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' ***Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae ****Genus: '' Mesoplodon'' ***** Blainville's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' ***** Gray's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon grayi'' ***** Hector's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon hectori'' ***** Layard's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon layardii'' *****

True's beaked whale True's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon mirus'') is a medium-sized whale in the genus '' Mesoplodon''. It is native to the northern Atlantic Ocean. The common name is in reference to Frederick W. True, a curator at the United States National Museum (n ...

, ''Mesoplodon mirus'' **Superfamily: Delphinoidea ***Family:

Delphinidae Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...

(marine dolphins) ****Genus: '' Steno'' ***** Rough-toothed dolphin, ''Steno bredanensis'' ****Genus: '' Grampus'' *****

Risso's dolphin Risso's dolphin (''Grampus griseus'') is a marine mammal and dolphin, the only species of the genus ''Grampus''. Some of the most closely related species to these dolphins include: pilot whales (''Globicephala'' spp.), pygmy killer whales (''Fere ...

, ''Grampus griseus'' ****Genus: '' Globicephala'' *****

Short-finned pilot whale The short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus'') is one of the two species of cetaceans in the genus ''Pilot whale, Globicephala'', which it shares with the long-finned pilot whale (''G. melas''). It is part of the oceanic dolphin ...

, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus'' ****Genus: '' Sousa'' ***** Indian Ocean humpback dolphin, ''Sousa plumbea'' ****Genus: '' Tursiops'' *****

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops aduncus'') is a species of bottlenose dolphin. This dolphin grows to long, and weighs up to . It lives in the waters around India, northern Australia, South China, the Red Sea, and the eastern ...

, ''Tursiops aduncus'' ***** Common bottlenose dolphin, ''Tursiops truncatus'' ****Genus: ''

Stenella ''Stenella'' is a genus of marine mammals in Delphinidae, the family (biology), family informally known as the oceanic dolphins. Species Currently, five species are recognised in this genus: ''S. rayi'' was a species of this genus found in N ...

'' *****

Pantropical spotted dolphin The pantropical spotted dolphin (''Stenella attenuata'') is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna Seine f ...

, ''Stenella attenuata'' *****

Striped dolphin The striped dolphin (''Stenella coeruleoalba'') is a dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family, Delphinidae. Taxonomy The striped dolphin, also known as the euphrosy ...

, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' ***** Spinner dolphin, ''Stenella longirostris'' ****Genus: '' Delphinus'' ***** Long-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus capensis'' ****Genus: '' Lagenodelphis'' ***** Fraser's dolphin, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' ****Genus: '' Peponocephala'' *****

Melon-headed whale The melon-headed whale (''Peponocephala electra''), also known less commonly as the electra dolphin, little killer whale, or many-toothed blackfish, is a toothed whale of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). The common name is derived from t ...

, ''Peponocephala electra'' ****Genus: '' Pseudorca'' *****

False killer whale The false killer whale (''Pseudorca crassidens'') is a species of oceanic dolphin that is the only extant representative of the genus ''Pseudorca''. It is found in oceans worldwide but mainly in tropical regions. It was first species descriptio ...

, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' ****Genus: '' Feresa'' *****

Pygmy killer whale The pygmy killer whale (''Feresa attenuata'') is a poorly known and rarely seen oceanic dolphin. It is the monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Feresa''. It derives its common name from sharing some physical characteristics with the orca ...

, ''Feresa attenuata'' ****Genus: ''

Orcinus ''Orcinus'' is a genus of Delphinidae, the family of carnivorous marine mammals known as dolphins. It includes the largest delphinid species, ''Orcinus orca'', known as the orca or killer whale. Two extinct species are recognised, '' Orcinus pal ...

'' *****

Orca The orca (''Orcinus orca''), or killer whale, is a toothed whale and the largest member of the oceanic dolphin family. The only extant species in the genus '' Orcinus'', it is recognizable by its black-and-white-patterned body. A cosmopol ...

, ''Orcinus orca''

Globally extinct

The following species are globally extinct: * " Subfossil/giant lemurs" ** '' Archaeoindris fontoynonti'' (c. 350 BC) ** '' Archaeolemur edwardsi'' (c. 1047 - 1280 AD)Jungers, W.L., Lemelin, P., Godfrey, L.R., et al. (2005). The hands and feet of Archaeolemur: metrical affinities and their functional significance. Journal of Human Evolution, 49, 36-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.001 ** '' Archaeolemur majori'' (c. 1047 - 1280 AD) ** Giant aye aye, ''Daubentonia robusta'' (c. 1000 AD) ** '' Pachylemur insignis'' (c. 680 - 960 AD) ** '' Pachylemur jullyi'' (c. 680 - 960 AD) ** '' Megaladapis edwardsi'' (c. 1280 - 1420 AD) ** '' Megaladapis madagascariensis'' (c. 1280 - 1420 AD) ** '' Megaladapis grandidieri'' (c. 1280 - 1420 AD) ** '' Hadropithecus stenognathus'' (c. 444 - 772 AD) ** '' Babakotia radofilai'' (c. 1000 AD) ** '' Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion'' (570 - 679 AD)Godfrey, L.R.; Jungers, W.L.; Burney, D.A. (2010). ''Chapter 21: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar''. ** '' Mesopropithecus globiceps'' (570 - 679 AD) ** '' Mesopropithecus pithecoides'' (570 - 679 AD) ** '' Palaeopropithecus ingens'' (1620) ** '' Palaeopropithecus maximus'' (PH) ** '' Palaeopropithecus kelyus'' (PH) * '' Plesiorycteropus germainepetterae'' (c. 1000 AD)MacPhee, 1994, p. 159 * '' Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis'' (c. 1000 AD) * '' Microgale macpheei'' ( PH) * '' Hypogeomys australis'' (c. 1536 BP) * Giant fossa, ''Cryptoprocta spelea'' (pre-1658) *

Malagasy hippopotamus Several species of Malagasy hippopotamus (also known as Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus or Madagascan pygmy hippopotamus) lived on the island of Madagascar but are now believed to be extinct. The animals were very similar to the extant hippopotamus ...

** Lesser Malagasy hippopotamus, ''Hippopotamus'' ''laloumena'' (possibly c. 1800 AD) ** Malagasy dwarf hippopotamus, ''Hippopotamus'' ''lemerlei'' (possibly c. 1800 AD) ** Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus, ''Hippopotamus'' ''madagascariensis'' (possibly c. 1800 AD)

Malagasy mammal names

Notes

References

* *

External links

Large database of local names of fauna of Madagascar with English and scientific names
* {{Africa topic, List of mammals of

mammals A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle e ...

' '

Order: Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ... (manatees and dugongs)

Order: Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...

Order: Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...ia (rodents)

Order: Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ... (bats)

Order: Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ... (carnivorans)

Order: Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ... (whales, dolphins and porpoises)

Globally extinct

Malagasy mammal names

See also

Notes

References

External links

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(manatees and dugongs)

Order:
Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivorans)

Order:
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ...
(whales, dolphins and porpoises)