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Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
has been governed by legislatures since 1898. The country has had different setups, with legislatures under the
presidential system A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separatio ...
and the
parliamentary system A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of th ...
, and with legislatures having one or two chambers. The first national legislature in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
was the Malolos Congress that convened in the Barasoain Church at
Malolos Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people. It is the capital city ...
,
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Me ...
. Convened after the declaration of independence from Spain at the height of the Philippine Revolution, the Congress ratified the declaration, and drafted a
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...
. With the capture of
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippine ...
during the ensuing
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
, the unrecognized
First Philippine Republic The Philippine Republic ( es, República Filipina), now officially known as the First Philippine Republic, also referred to by historians as the Malolos Republic, was established in Malolos, Bulacan during the Philippine Revolution against ...
fell. The Americans then sent several commissions to assess the situation; these eventually became the
Philippine Commission The Philippine Commission was the name of two bodies, both appointed by the president of the United States, to assist with governing the Philippines. The first Philippine Commission, also known as the Schurman Commission, was appointed by Preside ...
. With the passage of the
Philippine Bill of 1902 The Philippine Organic Act (c. 1369, ) was a basic law for the Insular Government that was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902. It is also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author Henry A. Coope ...
, the Philippine Commission eventually became an appointive
upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...
of the new
Philippine Legislature The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines from 1907 to 1935, during the American colonial period, and predecessor of the current Congress of the Philippines. It was bicameral and the legislative branch of the Insular G ...
, of which the wholly elected
Philippine Assembly The Philippine Assembly (sometimes called the Philippine National Assembly) was the lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916, when it was renamed the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Philippine Assembly wa ...
was the
lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...
. The passage of the
Philippine Autonomy Act The Jones Law (, . 416, also known as the Jones Act, the Philippine Autonomy Act, and the Act of Congress of August 29, 1916) was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress. The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 ...
instituted a mostly elective
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
as the upper house, with the
House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
as the lower house. This set up continued until the
1935 Constitution of the Philippines Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart b ...
was set into force, creating a
unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...
under the
Commonwealth of the Philippines The Commonwealth of the Philippines ( es, Commonwealth de Filipinas or ; tl, Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 ...
. Amendments that took effect in 1941 restored the
bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single gr ...
setup, creating the Commonwealth Congress. However,
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
intervened, and legislators elected in 1941 were not be able to serve. The invading Japanese set up the
Second Philippine Republic The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines ( tl, Repúbliká ng Pilipinas; es, República de Filipinas; ja, フィリピン共和国, ''Firipin-kyōwakoku'') and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Phi ...
that convened its own
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...
. The Allies reconquered the Philippines and the legislators elected in 1941 who are either still alive or are not arrested for collaboration convened in 1945. The Americans granted independence on July 4, 1946, and the Commonwealth Congress was renamed as Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. This will continue until the declaration of martial law by President
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. ( , , ; September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, dictator, and kleptocrat who was the 10th president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled under martial ...
on September 23, 1972, which effectively dissolved Congress. Marcos then exercised legislative power; his 1973 Constitution created the
unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...
Batasang Pambansa The Batasang Pambansa Complex, or simply the Batasan (), is the seat of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It is located along the Batasan Road in Batasan Hills, Quezon City. The complex was initially the home of the Batasang ...
, a
parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978, and will continue to exist until the
1986 People Power Revolution The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of c ...
that overthrew Marcos from power. President
Corazon Aquino Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (; ; January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People ...
appointed a constitutional commission that drafted the
1987 Constitution The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas'' or ''Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas'', Spanish: ''Constitución de la República de Filipinas'') is the constitution or the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippin ...
which restored the bicameral Congress with the
presidential system A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separatio ...
of government.


List


Per legislative term


Per party

These are at the start of every legislature. A politician may switch parties mid-term. Appointed members appear after the plus sign (+).


Senate


House of Representatives


= Party-list elections

= This includes all parties that have won at least 2 seats in any election.


Graphical timeline

;Legend


Senate

* Gaps refer to instances when the legislature was unicameral.


House of Representatives

* Gaps from 1946 to 1971 refer to instances when there was no lower house election for it was a midterm election (senators have 6-year terms with
staggered elections Staggered elections are elections where only some of the places in an elected body are up for election at the same time. For example, United States senators have a six-year term, but they are not all elected at the same time. Rather, elections a ...
every two years, while representatives have 4-year terms). Starting in 1995, a midterm election includes both upper and lower house elections (senators have 6-year terms with staggered elections every three years, while representatives have 3-year terms).


Chronological timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1898 till:06/30/2022 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1900 Colors = id:Vacant value:white id:USA value:brightblue id:abolished value:gray(0.6) id:Common value:green id:2nd value:claret id:3rd value:purple id:4th value:red id:5th value:yellow id:linemark value:gray(0.8) id:linemark2 value:gray(0.9) BarData = barset:PM PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM from:09/15/1898 till:11/13/1899 text:"Malolos Congress" color:abolished from:09/01/1901 till:10/16/1907 text:"2nd Philippine Commission" color:USA from:10/16/1907 till:05/20/1909 text:"1st Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:03/28/1910 till:02/06/1912 text:"2nd Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:10/16/1912 till:02/24/1916 text:"3rd Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:10/16/1916 till:02/08/1919 text:"4th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/21/1919 till:02/14/1922 text:"5th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/16/1922 till:02/08/1925 text:"6th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/16/1925 till:11/09/1927 text:"7th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/16/1928 till:11/07/1930 text:"8th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/16/1931 till:05/05/1934 text:"9th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:07/24/1934 till:11/21/1935 text:"10th Philippine Legislature" color:USA from:11/25/1935 till:08/30/1938 text:"1st National Assembly" color:Common from:01/24/1939 till:12/10/1941 text:"2nd National Assembly" color:Common from:10/17/1943 till:02/02/1944 text:"National Assembly of the Second Republic" color:2nd from:06/13/1945 till:12/20/1945 text:"1st Commonwealth Congress" color:Common from:05/25/1946 till:07/04/1946 text:"2nd Commonwealth Congress" color:Common from:07/05/1946 till:12/13/1949 text:"1st Congress" color:3rd from:12/30/1949 till:12/08/1953 text:"2nd Congress" color:3rd from:01/24/1954 till:12/10/1957 text:"3rd Congress" color:3rd from:01/27/1958 till:12/13/1961 text:"4th Congress" color:3rd from:01/22/1962 till:12/17/1965 text:"5th Congress" color:3rd from:01/17/1966 till:06/17/1969 text:"6th Congress" color:3rd from:01/26/1970 till:09/23/1972 text:"7th Congress" color:3rd from:09/23/1972 till:06/11/1978 text:"Abolished (President exercised legislative powers)" color:abolished from:06/12/1978 till:06/05/1984 text:"Interim Batasang Pambansa" color:4th from:07/23/1984 till:03/25/1986 text:"Regular Batasang Pambansa" color:4th from:03/25/1986 till:07/27/1987 text:"Abolished (President exercised legislative powers)" color:abolished from:07/27/1987 till:06/11/1992 text:"8th Congress" color:5th barset:break from:07/27/1992 till:06/30/1995 text:"9th Congress" color:5th from:07/24/1995 till:05/28/1998 text:"10th Congress" color:5th from:07/27/1998 till:06/30/2001 text:"11th Congress" color:5th from:07/21/2001 till:06/11/2004 text:"12th Congress" color:5th from:07/26/2004 till:06/08/2007 text:"13th Congress" color:5th from:07/24/2007 till:06/30/2010 text:"14th Congress" color:5th from:07/26/2010 till:06/30/2013 text:"15th Congress" color:5th from:07/22/2013 till:06/30/2016 text:"16th Congress" color:5th from:07/25/2016 till:06/30/2019 text:"17th Congress" color:5th from:07/25/2019 till:06/30/2022 text:"18th Congress" color:5th


See also

*
Congress of the Philippines The Congress of the Philippines ( fil, Kongreso ng Pilipinas, italic=unset) is the legislature of the national government of the Philippines. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, although colloquially the ...
*
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Senado ng Pilipinas'', also ''Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas'' or "upper chamber") is the upper house of Congress of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines with the House of Representatives ...
*
House of Representatives of the Philippines The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( fil, Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas, italic=unset, ''Kamara'' or ''Kamara de Representantes'' from the Spanish word ''cámara'', meaning "chamber") is the lower house of Congress, th ...


Notes


References


Further reading

* * * {{Philippine legislative periods
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...