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This article lists the heads of state of Poland. Currently, the
President of Poland The president of Poland ( pl, Prezydent RP), officially the president of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of Poland. Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Pola ...
is the
head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...
of the country.


Poland in the Early Middle Ages

''See:
Poland in the Early Middle Ages The most important phenomenon that took place within the lands of Poland in the Early Middle Ages, as well as other parts of Central Europe was the arrival and permanent settlement of the West Slavic or Lechitic peoples. The Slavic migrations ...
''


Legendary rulers

Most of these rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century
lat, Past Ckosisconis, Pazt filius Chosisconisu , native11 = Duke , life11 = 9th century , reignstart11 = 9th century , reignend11 = 9th century , notes11 = A legendary founder of the Piast dynasty
Son of Chościsko, father of Siemowit. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, ''
Gesta principum Polonorum The ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (; "''Deeds of the Princes of the Poles''") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it was most lik ...
'' from the early XII century , family11 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image11 = Piastus.PNG , alt11 =


Semi-legendary dukes of the Polans in

Greater Poland Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; german: Großpolen, sv, Storpolen, la, Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest cit ...

Several historians tend to believe that three legendary rulers of early Poland before Mieszko I might actually be historical persons. They appear in the oldest Polish chronicle, ''
Gesta principum Polonorum The ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (; "''Deeds of the Princes of the Poles''") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it was most lik ...
'' from the early 12th century.


Kingdom of Poland and Duchy of Poland, 966–1569


Piast dukes and kings

, life2 = 967 – 17 June 1025 , reignstart2 = Duke: 992
King: 18 April 1025 , reignend2 = Duke: 18 April 1025
King: 17 June 1025 , notes2 = Son of Mieszko I and Dobrawa of Bohemia
First to be crowned king
''Regnum Sclavorum, Gothorum sive Polonorum'' , family2 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image2 = Bolek.jpg , alt2 = , name3 =
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...
, nickname3 = , life3 = ca. 990 – 10/11 May 1034 , reignstart3 = 1025 , reignend3 = 1031 , notes3 = Son of Bolesław I and
Emnilda of Lusatia Emnilda ( pl, Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic noblewoman and Duchess of Poland from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. Ancestry She was a daughter of Dobromir, a Slavic ruler who in a 1013 entry wa ...
, family3 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image3 = Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg , alt3 = , name4 =
Bezprym Bezprym ( hu, Veszprém; 986–1032) was the duke of Poland from 1031 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Bolesław the Brave, but was deprived of the succession by his father, who around 1001 sent him to Italy in order to become a mon ...
, nickname4 = , native4 = Duke , life4 = ca. 986–1032 , reignstart4 = 1031 , reignend4 = 1032 , notes4 = Son of Bolesław I and Judith of Hungary , family4 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image4 = Bezprym.jpeg , alt4 = , name5 = Otto Bolesławowic , nickname5 = , native5 = Duke , life5 = 1000–1033 , reignstart5 = 1032 , reignend5 = 1032 , notes5 = Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda , family5 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image5 = Monarch-emp.png , alt5 = , name6 = Dytryk , nickname6 = Theoderick , native6 = Duke , life6 = after 992 – after 1032 , reignstart6 = 1032 , reignend6 = 1032 /1033 , notes6 = Grandson of Mieszko I and
Oda of Haldensleben Oda of Haldensleben (c. 955/60 – 1023) was Duchess of the Polans by marriage to Mieszko I of Poland. Life Oda was the eldest child of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the North March. She grew up in the monastery of Kalbe, near to Milde ...
, family6 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image6 = Monarch-emp.png , alt6 = , name7 =
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...
, nickname7 = , native7 = Duke , life7 = ca. 990 – 10/11 May 1034 , reignstart7 = 1032 , reignend7 = 1034 , notes7 = Restored , family7 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image7 = Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg , alt7 = , name8 =
Bolesław the Forgotten Bolesław the Forgotten () or the Cruel (; before 1016 – 1038/39) was a semi-legendary King of Poland of the Piast dynasty from 1034 until his death in 1038 or 1039. He was allegedly the first-born son of Mieszko II Lambert. Sources which me ...
, nickname8 = pl, Bolesław Zapomniany , native8 = Duke , life8 = before 1016 – 1038 or 1039 , reignstart8 = 1034 , reignend8 = 1038 /1039 , notes8 = Semi-legendary, existence disputed , family8 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image8 = Monarch-emp.png , alt8 = , name9 =
Casimir I the Restorer Casimir I the Restorer (; 25 July 1016 – 28 November 1058), a member of the Piast dynasty, was the duke of Poland from 1040 until his death. Casimir was the son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia. He is known as the Restorer beca ...
, nickname9 = pl, Kazimierz I Odnowiciel , native9 = Duke , life9 = – , reignstart9 = 1039 , reignend9 = 1058 , notes9 = Son of Mieszko II and
Richeza of Lotharingia Richeza of Lotharingia (also called ''Richenza'', ''Rixa'', ''Ryksa''; born about 995/1000 – 21 March 1063) was a member of the Ezzonen dynasty who became queen of Poland as the wife of Mieszko II Lambert. Her Polish marriage was arranged to s ...
, family9 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image9 = Casimir I the Restorer.jpg , alt9 = , name10 =
Bolesław II the Generous Bolesław II the Bold, also known as the Generous ( pl, Bolesław II Szczodry ; ''Śmiały''; c. 1042 – 2 or 3 April 1081 or 1082), was Duke of Poland from 1058 to 1076 and third King of Poland from 1076 to 1079. He was the eldest son of Duk ...
, nickname10 = pl, Bolesław II Szczodry , life10 = ca. 1041 or 1042 – 2 or 3 April 1081 or 1082 , reignstart10 = Duke: 1058
King: 1076 , reignend10 = Duke: 1076
King: 1079 , notes10 = Son of Kazimierz I and
Maria Dobroniega of Kiev Maria Dobroniega of Kiev (b. aft. 1012 – d. 13 December 1087), was a Kievan Rus' princess of the Rurikid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Poland. Life Family She was one of the younger children of Vladimir I, Grand Prince of Kiev. The ide ...
, family10 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image10 = Bolesław II Śmiały by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt10 = , name11 =
Władysław I Herman Władysław I Herman ( 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the duke of Poland from 1079 until his death. Accession Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke Casimir the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev. As the second son, Władysław was not ...
, nickname11 = , native11 = Duke , life11 = ca. 1044 – 4 June 1102 , reignstart11 = 1079 , reignend11 = 1102 , notes11 = Son of Kazimierz I and Maria Dobroniega , family11 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image11 = Władysław I Herman by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt11 = , name12 =
Zbigniew Zbigniew () is a Polish masculine given name, originally Zbygniew . This West Slavic name is derived from the Polish elements ''Zby-'' (from ''zbyć, zbyć się, or pozbyć się'', meaning "to dispel", "to get rid of") and ''gniew'', meaning "ang ...
, nickname12 = Zbygniew , native12 = Duke , life12 = ca. 1073 – 8 July 1113 , reignstart12 = 1102 , reignend12 = 1107 , notes12 = Son of Władysław I and Przecława of
Prawdzic coat of arms Prawdzic (Prawdzik) - was historically a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by the nobility clans and later szlachta families in the times of the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History Motto The mot ...
(''disputed'')
First jointly with Władysław I 1098-1102 , family12 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image12 = Zbigniew.JPG , alt12 = , name13 =
Bolesław III Wrymouth Bolesław III Wrymouth ( pl, Bolesław III Krzywousty; 20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), also known as Boleslaus the Wry-mouthed, was the duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole of Poland between ...
, nickname13 = pl, Bolesław III Krzywousty , native13 = Duke , life13 = – , reignstart13 = 1107 , reignend13 = 1138 , notes13 = Son of Władysław I and Judith of Bohemia
First jointly with Władysław 1098-1102
Introduced '' senioral principle'' , family13 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image13 = Boleslav III of Poland.jpg , alt13 =


Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314


Piast high dukes

, native1 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life1 = 1105 – 30 May 1159 , reignstart1 = 1138 , reignend1 = 1146 , notes1 = Son of Bolesław III and
Zbyslava of Kiev Zbyslava of Kiev (russian: Сбыслава Святополковна, pl, Zbysława kijowska; 1085/90 – c. 1114), was a Kievan Rus' princess member of the Rurikid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Poland. She was the daughter of Sviatop ...

Also Duke of Silesia
Exiled by his brothers , family1 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image1 = Władysław II Wygnaniec by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt1 = , name2 =
Bolesław IV the Curly Bolesław IV the Curly (; 1122 – 5 January 1173), a member of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Masovia from 1138 and High Duke of Poland from 1146 until his death. Early life Bolesław was the third son of Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Polan ...
, nickname2 = pl, Bolesław Kędzierzawy , native2 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life2 = ca. 1125 – 5 January 1173 , reignstart2 = 1146 , reignend2 = 1173 , notes2 = Son of Bolesław III and Salomea of Berg
Also Duke of Masovia , family2 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image2 = Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt2 = , name3 =
Mieszko III the Old Mieszko III the Old (c. 1126/27 – 13 March 1202), of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death. He was the fourth and second surviving son of Duke Bolesła ...
, nickname3 = pl, Mieszko III Stary , native3 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life3 = ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202 , reignstart3 = 1173 , reignend3 = 1177 , notes3 = Son of Bolesław III and Salomea
Also Duke of Greater Poland , family3 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image3 = Mieszko stary.jpg , alt3 = , name4 =
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...
, nickname4 = pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy , native4 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life4 = ca. 1138 – 5 May 1194 , reignstart4 = 1177 , reignend4 = 1190 , notes4 = Son of Bolesław III and Salomea
Also Duke of Wiślica and Sandomierz , family4 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image4 = Casimir II of Poland.PNG , alt4 = , name5 =
Mieszko III the Old Mieszko III the Old (c. 1126/27 – 13 March 1202), of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death. He was the fourth and second surviving son of Duke Bolesła ...
, nickname5 = pl, Mieszko III Stary , native5 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life5 = ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202 , reignstart5 = 1190 , reignend5 = 1190 , notes5 = Restored , family5 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image5 = Mieszko stary.jpg , alt5 = , name6 =
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...
, nickname6 = pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy , native6 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life6 = ca. 1138 – 5 May 1194 , reignstart6 = 1190 , reignend6 = 1194 , notes6 = Restored , family6 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image6 = Casimir II of Poland.PNG , alt6 = , name7 =
Leszek I the White Leszek the White ( pl, Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko I ...
, nickname7 = pl, Leszek Biały , native7 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life7 = ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227 , reignstart7 = 1194 , reignend7 = 1198 , notes7 = Son of Casimir II and Helen of Znojmo
Also Duke of Sandomierz , family7 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image7 = Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg , alt7 = , name8 =
Mieszko III the Old Mieszko III the Old (c. 1126/27 – 13 March 1202), of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death. He was the fourth and second surviving son of Duke Bolesła ...
, nickname8 = pl, Mieszko III Stary , native8 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life8 = ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202 , reignstart8 = 1198 , reignend8 = 1199 , notes8 = Restored , family8 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image8 = Mieszko stary.jpg , alt8 = , name9 =
Leszek I the White Leszek the White ( pl, Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko I ...
, nickname9 = pl, Leszek Biały , native9 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life9 = ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227 , reignstart9 = 1199 , reignend9 = 1199 , notes9 = Restored , family9 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image9 = Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg , alt9 = , name10 =
Mieszko III the Old Mieszko III the Old (c. 1126/27 – 13 March 1202), of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death. He was the fourth and second surviving son of Duke Bolesła ...
, nickname10 = pl, Mieszko III Stary , native10 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life10 = ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202 , reignstart10 = 1199 , reignend10 = 1202 , notes10 = Restored , family10 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image10 = Mieszko stary.jpg , alt10 = , name11 =
Władysław III Spindleshanks : ''This article refers to the 12th-century Polish monarch. For the 15th-century Jagiellon monarch, see Władysław III of Poland, and for other monarchs with similar names see Ladislaus III (disambiguation)''. Władysław III Spindleshanks ( pl, W ...
, nickname11 = pl, Władysław III Laskonogi , native11 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life11 = ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 1231 , reignstart11 = 1202 , reignend11 = 1202 , notes11 = Son of Mieszko III and
Eudoxia of Kiev Eudoxia Iziaslavna of Kiev (russian: Евдокия Изяславна, pl, Eudoksja Izjasławówna, italic=no; c. 1131 – c. 1187), was a Kievan Rus' princess member of the Rurikid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Greater Poland and since 11 ...

Also Duke of Greater Poland , family11 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image11 = Jan Matejko, Władysław Laskonogi.jpg , alt11 = , name12 =
Leszek I the White Leszek the White ( pl, Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko I ...
, nickname12 = pl, Leszek Biały , native12 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life12 = ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227 , reignstart12 = 1202 , reignend12 = 1210 , notes12 = Restored , family12 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image12 = Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg , alt12 = , name13 =
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot Mieszko IV Tanglefoot ( pl, Mieszko IV Plątonogi) (c. 1130 – 16 May 1211) was Duke of Kraków and High Duke of Poland from 9 June 1210 until his death one year later. He was also Duke of Silesia from 1163 to 1173 (with his brother as co-ruler) ...
, nickname13 = pl, Mieszko I Plątonogi , native13 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life13 = ca. 1130 – 16 May 1211 , reignstart13 = 1210 , reignend13 = 1211 , notes13 = Son of Władysław II and
Agnes of Babenberg Agnes of Babenberg ( pl, Agnieszka austriacka; 1108/13 – 24/25 January 1163) was a scion of the Franconian House of Babenberg and by marriage High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia. Family and personality Agnes was a daughter of Le ...

Also Duke of Silesia , family13 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image13 = Mieszko IV.JPG , alt13 = , name14 =
Leszek I the White Leszek the White ( pl, Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko I ...
, nickname14 = pl, Leszek Biały , native14 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life14 = ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227 , reignstart14 = 1211 , reignend14 = 1225 , notes14 = Restored , family14 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image14 = Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg , alt14 = , name15 =
Henryk I the Bearded Henry the Bearded ( pl, Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, german: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. He was Dukes of Silesia, Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Seniorate Province, Duke ...
, nickname15 = pl, Henryk I Brodaty , native15 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life15 = ca. 1165 – 19 March 1238 , reignstart15 = 1225 , reignend15 = 1225 , notes15 = Grandson of Władysław II, son of
Bolesław I the Tall Bolesław I the Tall ( pl, Bolesław I Wysoki) (born 1127 – died Leśnica (now part of Wrocław), 7 or 8 December 1201) was Duke of Wroclaw from 1163 until his death in 1201. Early years He was the eldest son of Władysław II the Exile by h ...
and Krystyna
Also Duke of Silesia , family15 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image15 = Jan Matejko, Henryk I Brodaty.jpg , alt15 = , name16 =
Leszek I the White Leszek the White ( pl, Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko I ...
, nickname16 = pl, Leszek Biały , native16 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life16 = ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227 , reignstart16 = 1225 , reignend16 = 1227 , notes16 = Restored
Assassinated , family16 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image16 = Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg , alt16 = , name17 =
Władysław III Spindleshanks : ''This article refers to the 12th-century Polish monarch. For the 15th-century Jagiellon monarch, see Władysław III of Poland, and for other monarchs with similar names see Ladislaus III (disambiguation)''. Władysław III Spindleshanks ( pl, W ...
, nickname17 = pl, Władysław III Laskonogi , native17 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life17 = ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 1231 , reignstart17 = 1227 , reignend17 = 1229 , notes17 = Restored , family17 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image17 = Jan Matejko, Władysław Laskonogi.jpg , alt17 = , name18 =
Konrad I of Masovia Konrad I of Masovia (ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247), from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia and Kuyavia from 1194 until his death as well as High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232 and again from 1241 to 1243. Life Konrad wa ...
, nickname18 = pl, Konrad I Mazowiecki , native18 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life18 = ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247 , reignstart18 = 1229 , reignend18 = 1232 , notes18 = Son of Kazimierz II and Helen of Znojmo
Also Duke of Masovia , family18 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image18 = Konrad I Mazowiecki.jpg , alt18 = , name19 =
Henryk I the Bearded Henry the Bearded ( pl, Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, german: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. He was Dukes of Silesia, Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Seniorate Province, Duke ...
, nickname19 = pl, Henryk I Brodaty , native19 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life19 = ca. 1165 – 19 March 1238 , reignstart19 = 1232 , reignend19 = 1238 , notes19 = Restored , family19 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image19 = Jan Matejko, Henryk I Brodaty.jpg , alt19 = , name20 = Henryk II the Pious , nickname20 = pl, Henryk II Pobożny , native20 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life20 = ca. 1196 – 9 April 1241 , reignstart20 = 1238 , reignend20 = 1241 , notes20 = Son of Henry I and Saint
Hedwig of Andechs Hedwig of Silesia ( pl, Święta Jadwiga Śląska), also Hedwig of Andechs (german: Heilige Hedwig von Andechs, la, Hedvigis; 1174 – 15 October 1243), a member of the Bavarian comital House of Andechs, was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and ...
(Saint Hedwig of Silesia)
Slso Duke of Wroclaw and Greater Poland
Fell at
Battle of Legnica The Battle of Legnica ( pl, bitwa pod Legnicą), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz (german: Schlacht von Liegnitz) or Battle of Wahlstatt (german: Schlacht bei Wahlstatt), was a battle between the Mongol Empire and combined European forces t ...
, family20 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image20 = Henryk II Pobożny (Hedwig Codex).jpg , alt20 = , name21 =
Bolesław II the Horned Bolesław II the Horned ( pl, Bolesław II Rogatka), known also as Bolesław II the Bald ( pl, Bolesław II Łysy) (c. 1220/5 – 26/31 December 1278), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was High Duke of Poland briefly in 1241 and Duke of Silesia at ...
, nickname21 = Bolesław II Rogatka , native21 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life21 = ca. 1220–1278 , reignstart21 = 1241 , reignend21 = 1241 , notes21 = Son of Henry II and
Anne of Bohemia Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394), also known as Anne of Luxembourg, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II. A member of the House of Luxembourg, she was the eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and ...

Also Duke of Silesia , family21 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image21 = Monarch-emp.png , alt21 = , name22 =
Konrad I of Masovia Konrad I of Masovia (ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247), from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia and Kuyavia from 1194 until his death as well as High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232 and again from 1241 to 1243. Life Konrad wa ...
, nickname22 = pl, Konrad I Mazowiecki , native22 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life22 = ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247 , reignstart22 = 1241 , reignend22 = 1243 , notes22 = Restored , family22 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image22 = Konrad I Mazowiecki.jpg , alt22 = , name23 =
Bolesław V the Chaste Bolesław V the Chaste ( pl, Bolesław Wstydliwy; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representative of the Lesser Polish branch o ...
, nickname23 = pl, Bolesław Wstydliwy , native23 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life23 = 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279 , reignstart23 = 1243 , reignend23 = 1279 , notes23 = Son of Leszek the White and Grzymislawa of Luck , family23 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image23 = Jan Matejko, Bolesław Wstydliwy.jpg , alt23 = , name24 =
Leszek II the Black Leszek II the Black (c. 1241 – 30 September 1288), was a Polish prince of the House of Piast, Duke of Sieradz since 1261, Duke of Łęczyca since 1267, Duke of Inowrocław in the years 1273-1278, Duke of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland from ...
, nickname24 = pl, Leszek Czarny , native24 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life24 = ca. 1241 – 30 September 1288 , reignstart24 = 1279 , reignend24 = 1288 , notes24 = Grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Maternal grandson of Henry II
Son of
Casimir I of Kuyavia Casimir I of Kuyavia ( pl, Kazimierz I kujawski) (c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of Si ...
and
Constance of Wrocław Constance of Wrocław ( pl, Konstancja wrocławska) (c.1221–27 – 21 or 23 February 1257) was a princess of Silesia and the duchess of Kuyavia. She was a member of the Polish House of Piast and mother of Leszek the Black and Ziemomysł of Kuyavi ...
, family24 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image24 = Leszek Czarny by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt24 = , name25 =
Bolesław II of Masovia Bolesław II of Masovia or Bolesław II of Płock (pl: ''Bolesław II mazowiecki (płocki)''; ca. 1253/58 – 20 April 1313), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Masovia during 1262-1275 jointly with his brother, after 1 ...
, nickname25 = Boleslaw II of Płock , native25 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life25 = ca. 1251 – 20 April 1313 , reignstart25 = 1288 , reignend25 = 1288 , notes25 = Grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Duke of Masovia , family25 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image25 = Bolesław II.jpg , alt25 = , name26 = Henryk IV Probus , nickname26 = pl, Henryk IV Prawy , native26 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life26 = ca. 1257/58 – 23 June 1290 , reignstart26 = 1288 , reignend26 = 1289 , notes26 = Paternal grandson of Henryk II
Maternal grandson of Konrad I
Son of
Henry III the White Henry III the White ( pl, Henryk III Biały) ( – 3 December 1266), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1248 until his death, as co-ruler with his brother Władysław. Life He was the third son of the Polish hi ...
and Judyta of Masovia
Duke of Lower Silesia , family26 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image26 = Henryk IV Probus by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt26 = , name27 =
Bolesław II of Masovia Bolesław II of Masovia or Bolesław II of Płock (pl: ''Bolesław II mazowiecki (płocki)''; ca. 1253/58 – 20 April 1313), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Masovia during 1262-1275 jointly with his brother, after 1 ...
, nickname27 = Boleslaw II of Płock , native27 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life27 = ca. 1251 – 20 April 1313 , reignstart27 = 1289 , reignend27 = 1289 , notes27 = Restored , family27 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image27 = Bolesław II.jpg , alt27 = , name28 =
Władysław I the Elbow-high Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: Famous people Mononym * ...
, nickname28 = pl, Władysław I Łokietek , native28 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life28 = 1261 – 2 March 1333 , reignstart28 = 1289 , reignend28 = 1289 , notes28 = Grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Son of Kazimierz I of Kujawia and
Euphrosyne of Opole Euphrosyne of Opole ( pl, Eufrozyna opolska) (1228/30 – 4 November 1292) was a daughter of Casimir I of Opole and his wife Viola, Duchess of Opole. She was a member of the House of Piast and became Duchess of Kuyavia from her first marriage and ...
, family28 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image28 = Władysław I sarcophagus figure.jpg , alt28 = , name29 = Henryk IV Probus , nickname29 = pl, Henryk IV Prawy , native29 = High Duke
Supreme Prince , life29 = ca. 1257/58 – 23 June 1290 , reignstart29 = 1289 , reignend29 = 1290 , notes29 = Restored , family29 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image29 = Henryk IV Probus by Aleksander Lesser.PNG , alt29 =


Reunification attempts in the Kingdom of Poland 1232–1305


=Piast kings

=


=Přemyslid kings

= , life1 = – , reignstart1 = High Duke: 1291
King: 1300 , reignend1 = High Duke: 1300
King: 1305 , notes1 = Son of
Ottokar II of Bohemia Ottokar II ( cs, Přemysl Otakar II.; , in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his dea ...
and
Kunigunda of Slavonia Kunigunda Rostislavna (1245 – 9 September 1285; Czech: ''Kunhuta Uherská'' or ''Kunhuta Haličská'') was Queen consort of Bohemia and its regent from 1278 until her death. She was a member of the House of Chernigov, and a daughter of Rostis ...

Married Przemysł II's daughter
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland Elizabeth Richeza of Poland ( cs, Eliška-Rejčka; pl, Ryksa-Elżbieta; 1 September 1288 – 19 October 1335), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by her two marriages Queen consort of Bohemia and Poland and Duchess consor ...

Also King of Bohemia , family1 = Přemyslid , image1 = Vaclav2 trun.jpg , alt1 = , name2 =
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia Wenceslaus III ( cz, Václav III., hu, Vencel, pl, Wacław, hr, Vjenceslav, sk, Václav; 6 October 12894 August 1306) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1301 and 1305, and King of Bohemia and Poland from 1305. He was the son of Wencesla ...
, nickname2 = pl, Wacław III Czeski , life2 = – , reignstart2 = 1305 , reignend2 = 1306 , notes2 = Son of Wenceslaus II and
Judith of Habsburg Judith of Habsburg (german: Guta; 13 March 1271 – 21 May 1297) was queen of Bohemia and Poland from 1285 until her death as the wife of the Přemyslid king Wenceslaus II. Early life Judith was the youngest daughter of King Rudolf I of Ger ...

Uncrowned
Assassinated , family2 = Přemyslid , image2 = Vaclav3 pecet.jpg , alt2 =


Reunited Kingdom of Poland, 1314–1569


Piast kings

, life1 = 1261 – 2 March 1333 , reignstart1 = 1320 , reignend1 = 1333 , notes1 = Restored
Re-united the Kingdom of Poland , family1 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image1 = Władysław I sarcophagus figure.jpg , alt1 = , name2 =
Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He ...
, nickname2 = pl, Kazimierz III Wielki , life2 = – , reignstart2 = 1333 , reignend2 = 1370 , notes2 = Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and
Jadwiga of Kalisz Jadwiga of Kalisz (Polish: ''Jadwiga kaliska'' (''Bolesławówna)''; 1266 – 10 December 1339) was a Queen of Poland by marriage to Ladislaus the Short. She was the mother of the last Piast King of Poland, Casimir III. She was the second of thre ...

Regarded as one of the greatest Polish monarchs , family2 =
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...
, image2 = Kazimierz III sarcophagus figure.jpg , alt2 =


Anjou kings

, life1 = – , reignstart1 = 1370 , reignend1 = 1382 , notes1 = Son of
Charles I of Hungary Charles I, also known as Charles Robert ( hu, Károly Róbert; hr, Karlo Robert; sk, Karol Róbert; 128816 July 1342) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death. He was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou and the only son of ...
and Elizabeth of Poland
Nephew of Casimir III
Elected king and crowned on 17 November
Also King of Hungary , family1 =
Anjou Anjou may refer to: Geography and titles France *County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou **Count of Anjou, title of nobility *Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France **Duke ...
, image1 = Louis I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg , alt1 = , name2 =
Jadwiga of Poland Jadwiga (; 1373 or 137417 July 1399), also known as Hedwig ( hu, Hedvig), was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. She was the youngest daughter of Louis the Grea ...
, nickname2 = pl, Jadwiga Andegaweńska , life2 = 1373/4 – 17 July 1399 , reignstart2 = 16 October 1384 , reignend2 = 17 July 1399 , notes2 = Daughter of Louis I and Elizabeth of Bosnia
Crowned king to emphasize her monarchical status, 1384
Reigned jointly with her husband
Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. ...
from 1386 , family2 =
Anjou Anjou may refer to: Geography and titles France *County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou **Count of Anjou, title of nobility *Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France **Duke ...
, image2 = Jadwiga Andegaweńska seal 1386.PNG , alt2 =


Jagiellonian kings


Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795


Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815


Republic of Poland (1918–1939)


Chief of State


President of the Republic


Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939–1990)

After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The President of the Republic and the government-in-exile were recognized by the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States until 6 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted the Communist-led government backed by Stalin. Despite having lost recognition by other governments, the government-in-exile continued in London until the election of
Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa (; ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who served as the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995. After winning the 1990 election, Wałęsa became the first democrati ...
as President of the Republic of Poland in December 1990, upon which it handed over its formal powers and the insignia of the Polish Second Republic to President-elect Wałęsa in a ceremony at the Warsaw Royal Castle on 22 December 1990. The sole internationally recognized President of the exiled government was
Władysław Raczkiewicz Władysław Raczkiewicz (; 28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and President of Poland- in-exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Until 1945, he was the internationally recognized Polish head of st ...
, who took office after Ignacy Mościcki's resignation in September 1939.


People's Republic of Poland (1944–1989)


President of the State National Council

The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland was founded under Soviet protection on 31 December 1944 and recognized by the United States and the United Kingdom since 6 July 1945. It evolved into the
Government of National Unity A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other nati ...
on 28 June 1945, and eventually into the
People's Republic of Poland The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million ne ...
on 19 February 1947


President of the Republic


Chairman of the Council of State

In 1952, the July Constitution abolished the office of president and made the Council of State the collective head of state, chairmen of which are listed below. Real power rested with the
Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party ( pl, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other lega ...
(PZPR), its Central Committee and its secretary general/first secretary.


First Secretaries of the

Polish Workers' Party The Polish Workers' Party ( pl, Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) was a communist party in Poland from 1942 to 1948. It was founded as a reconstitution of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) and merged with the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in 194 ...
(PPR) /
Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party ( pl, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other lega ...
(PZPR)

Since 1954, the head of the party was also the Chairman of the Central Committee: * By the second half of 1989, the office of First Secretary, occupied at the time by Mieczysław Rakowski, ceased to hold any real power.


Republic of Poland (1989–present)


President of the Republic


See also

*
Prime Minister of Poland The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
** List of prime ministers of Poland *
List of Polish monarchs Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th ...


References

{{Years in Poland *List Polish presidents
Heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...