List of Nazi Party leaders and officials on:
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This is a list of
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...
(NSDAP) leaders
Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets view ...
and officials. It is not meant to be an all inclusive list.
A
* Gunter d'Alquen – Chief Editor of the SS official newspaper, ''Das Schwarze Korps
''Das Schwarze Korps'' (; German for "The Black Corps") was the official newspaper of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). This newspaper was published on Wednesdays and distributed free of charge. All SS members were encouraged to read it. The chief edit ...
'' ("The Black Corps"), and commander of the SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers.
* Ludolf von Alvensleben
Ludolf-Hermann Emmanuel Georg Kurt Werner von Alvensleben (17 March 1901 – 1 April 1970) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany. He held positions of SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union, and was indicted for war crim ...
– commander of the SS and police in Crimea
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
and commander of the Selbstschutz
''Selbstschutz'' (German for "self-protection") is the name given to different iterations of ethnic-German self-protection units formed both after the First World War and in the lead-up to the Second World War.
The first incarnation of the ''Selb ...
(self-defense) of the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (german: Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), ...
.
* Max Amann – '' Reichsleiter'' for the Press, President of the Reich Press Chamber and head of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag
Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH (''Franz Eher and Successors, LLC'', usually referred to as the Eher-Verlag (''Eher Publishing'')) was the central publishing house of the Nazi Party and one of the largest book and periodical firms during the Third Rei ...
. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer
' (, "senior group leader") was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissio ...
''.
* Benno von Arent
Benno von Arent (19 July 1898 – 14 October 1956) was a German film director, artist, architect, designer and a member of the Nazi Party and SS.
Early life
Arent was born Benno Georg Eduard Wilhelm Joachim von Arent in Görlitz on 19 July 1 ...
– Responsible for art, theaters and movies in the Third Reich.
* Heinz Auerswald – Commissioner for the Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
ish residential district in Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
from April 1941 to November 1942.
* Artur Axmann
Artur Axmann (18 February 1913 – 24 October 1996) was the German Nazi national leader (''Reichsjugendführer'') of the Hitler Youth (''Hitlerjugend'') from 1940 to 1945, when the war ended. He was the last living Nazi with a rank equivalent to ...
– Chief of the Social Office of the Reich Youth Leadership. Leader of the Hitler Youth
The Hitler Youth (german: Hitlerjugend , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. ...
from 1940 to 1945.
B
*Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Erich Julius Eberhard von dem Bach-Zelewski (born Erich Julius Eberhard von Zelewski; 1 March 1899 – 8 March 1972) was a high-ranking SS commander of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State" ...
– An SS-''Obergruppenführer'' ''und General der Polizei'', he was the commander of the "Bandenkampfverbände" SS units responsible for the mass murder of 35,000 civilians in Riga and more than 200,000 in Belarus and eastern Poland.
* Herbert Backe
Herbert Friedrich Wilhelm Backe (1 May 1896 – 6 April 1947) was a German politician and SS Senior group leader (SS-''Obergruppenführer'') in Nazi Germany who served as State Secretary and Minister in the Reich Ministry of Food and Agricult ...
– State Secretary (1933–1944) in the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture and later Reich Minister (1944–1945), he was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''. An architect of the infamous Hunger Plan
The Hunger Plan (german: der Hungerplan; der Backe-Plan) was a partially implemented plan developed by Nazi bureaucrats during World War II to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians. The plan entailed the gen ...
.
* Richard Baer – Commander of the Auschwitz
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
I concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945.
* Alfred Baeumler – Philosopher
A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...
who interpreted the works of Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; or ; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, prose poet, cultural critic, philologist, and composer whose work has exerted a profound influence on contemporary philosophy. He began his ...
in order to legitimize Nazism.
* Klaus Barbie
Nikolaus "Klaus" Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was a German operative of the SS and SD who worked in Vichy France during World War II. He became known as the "Butcher of Lyon" for having personally tortured prisoners—primari ...
– An SS-''Hauptsturmführer
__NOTOC__
(, ; short: ''Hstuf'') was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in several Nazi organizations such as the SS, NSKK and the NSFK. The rank of ''Hauptsturmführer'' was a mid-level commander and had equivalent seniority to a ...
'', he was head of the Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
in Lyon. Nicknamed "the Butcher of Lyon" for his use of torture on prisoners.
* Josef Berchtold – Very early Party member and a member of ''Stoßtrupp-Hitler
Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler ("Shock Troop-Hitler") was a small, short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heid ...
''. Became the second ''Reichsführer-SS
(, ) was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the (SS). ''Reichsführer-SS'' was a title from 1925 to 1933, and from 1934 to 1945 it was the highest rank of the SS. The longest-servi ...
'' from 1926 to 1927.
* Gottlob Berger
Gottlob Christian Berger (16 July 1896 – 5 January 1975) was a senior German Nazi official who held the rank of '' SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS'' (lieutenant general) and was the chief of the SS Main Office responsibl ...
– Chief of Staff for the Waffen-SS
The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscripts from both occup ...
and head of the SS Main Office. He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and General of the Waffen-SS.
* Werner Best
Karl Rudolf Werner Best (10 July 1903 – 23 June 1989) was a German jurist, police chief, SS-''Obergruppenführer'', Nazi Party leader, and theoretician from Darmstadt. He was the first chief of Department 1 of the Gestapo, Nazi Germany's secret ...
– SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and Reich Plenipotentiary
A ''plenipotentiary'' (from the Latin ''plenus'' "full" and ''potens'' "powerful") is a diplomat who has full powers—authorization to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of his or her sovereign. When used as a noun more generally, the word ...
for Nazi-occupied Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark
...
.
* Hans Biebow
Hans Biebow (December 18, 1902 – June 23, 1947) was the chief of German Nazi administration of the Łódź Ghetto in occupied Poland.
Biebow's early life is summarized by the following '' curriculum vitae'' which he submitted to the German Gh ...
– Chief of Administration of the Łódź Ghetto
The Łódź Ghetto or Litzmannstadt Ghetto (after the Nazi German name for Łódź) was a Nazi ghetto established by the German authorities for Polish Jews and Roma following the Invasion of Poland. It was the second-largest ghetto in all of Ge ...
.
* Helmut Bischoff
Helmut Hermann Wilhelm Bischoff (1 March 1908 – 5 January 1993) was a German '' SS-Obersturmbannführer'', Gestapo officer and Nazi official. During World War II he was the leader of '' Einsatzkommando 1/IV'' in Poland and later headed the Ges ...
– SS-''Obersturmbannführer
__NOTOC__
''Obersturmbannführer'' (Senior Assault-unit Leader; ; short: ''Ostubaf'') was a paramilitary rank in the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) which was used by the SA (''Sturmabteilung'') and the SS (''Schutzstaffel''). The rank of ''Obersturm ...
'' and commander of mobile death squad unit, '' Einsatzkommando 1/IV''. Also a Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
officer and head of security for Nazi Germany's V-weapons
V-weapons, known in original German as (, German: "retaliatory weapons", "reprisal weapons"), were a particular set of long-range artillery weapons designed for strategic bombing during World War II, particularly strategic bombing and/or aer ...
program.
* Paul Blobel
Paul Blobel (13 August 1894 – 7 June 1951) was a German ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD) commander and convicted war criminal who played a leading role in the Holocaust. He organised and executed the Babi Yar massacre, the largest massacre of th ...
– SS commander primarily responsible for the Babi Yar
Babi Yar (russian: Ба́бий Яр) or Babyn Yar ( uk, Бабин Яр) is a ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv and a site of massacres carried out by Nazi Germany's forces during its campaign against the Soviet Union in World War II. The fi ...
massacre at Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
.
* Werner von Blomberg
Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (2 September 1878 – 13 March 1946) was a German General Staff officer and the first Minister of War in Adolf Hitler's government. After serving on the Western Front in World War I, Blomberg was appointed chi ...
– ''Generalfeldmarschall
''Generalfeldmarschall'' (from Old High German ''marahscalc'', "marshal, stable master, groom"; en, general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal; ; often abbreviated to ''Feldmarschall'') was a rank in the armies of several ...
'', Defense Minister 1933–1935, Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces 1935–1938. Forced out in the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair.
* Hans-Friedrich Blunck
Hans-Friedrich Blunck (3 September 1888 – 24 April 1961) was a German jurist and a writer. In the time of the Third Reich, he occupied various positions in Nazi cultural institutions.
Life
A schoolteacher's son, Blunck was born in Altona ...
– Propagandist and head of the Reich Literature Chamber between 1933 and 1935.
* Ernst Boepple
'' SS-Oberführer'' Ernst Boepple (30 November 1887 – 15 December 1950) was a Nazi official and SS officer, serving as deputy to Josef Bühler in occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust, who was executed for war crimes.
Life
Boeppl ...
– State Secretary of the General Government in Poland, serving as deputy to Deputy Governor Josef Bühler
Josef Bühler (16 February 1904 – 22 August 1948) was a state secretary and deputy governor to the Nazi Germany-controlled General Government in Kraków during World War II.
Background
Bühler was born in Bad Waldsee into a Catholic family ...
. Deeply implicated in the "Final Solution
The Final Solution (german: die Endlösung, ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (german: Endlösung der Judenfrage, ) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to th ...
".
* Ernst Wilhelm Bohle
Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (28 July 1903 – 9 November 1960) was the leader of the Foreign Organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) from 1933 until 1945. Bohle is unusual as being the only defendant in the Subse ...
– ''Gauleiter
A ''Gauleiter'' () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a ''Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany, Gau'' or ''Reichsgau''. ''Gauleiter'' was the third-highest Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party, rank in ...
'' of the Nazi Party/Foreign Organization
The Nazi Party/Foreign Organization was a branch of the Nazi Party and the 43rd and only non-territorial ("region") of the Party. In German, the organization is referred to as NSDAP/AO, "AO" being the abbreviation of the German compound word ...
from 1933 until 1945, he was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Otto von Bolschwing
Otto Albrecht Alfred von Bolschwing (15 October 1909 – 7 March 1982) was a German SS- in the Nazi (SD), Hitler's SS intelligence agency. After World War II von Bolschwing became a spy and worked for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ...
– Member of the SD-foreign branch and deputy to Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''
*
''
Bucharest pogrom
Between 21 and 23 January 1941, a rebellion of the Iron Guard paramilitary organization, whose members were known as Legionnaires, occurred in Bucharest, Romania. As their privileges were being gradually removed by the ''Conducător'' Ion Ant ...
.
* Albert Bormann
Albert Bormann (2 September 19028 April 1989) was a German National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) officer, who rose to the rank of '' Gruppenführer'' (''Generalleutnant'') during World War II. Bormann served as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler, and ...
– Adjutant in Chancellery of the Führer from 1931, in 1938 he became Chief of Main Office I, dealing with the personal affairs of the Führer. He was also a ''Gruppenführer
__NOTOC__
''Gruppenführer'' (, ) was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Since then, the term ''Gruppenführer'' is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire de ...
'' in the National Socialist Motor Corps
The National Socialist Motor Corps (german: Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps, NSKK) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that officially existed from May 1931 to 1945. The group was a successor organisation to the old ...
(NSKK).
* Martin Bormann
Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party official and head of the Nazi Party Chancellery. He gained immense power by using his position as Adolf Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information ...
– ''Reichsleiter'', head of the Party Chancellery
The Party Chancellery (german: Parteikanzlei), was the name of the head office for the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), designated as such on 12 May 1941. The office existed previously as the Staff of the Deputy Führer (''Stab des Stellvertreters des ...
(Parteikanzlei) and Secretary to the Führer, Adolf Hitler. Also an SS-''Obergruppenführer'', he committed suicide in May 1945. Convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death in absentia
is Latin for absence. , a legal term, is Latin for "in the absence" or "while absent".
may also refer to:
* Award in absentia
* Declared death in absentia, or simply, death in absentia, legally declared death without a body
* Election in absen ...
by the Nuremberg Tribunal
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II.
Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded m ...
.
* Philipp Bouhler
Philipp Bouhler (11 September 1899 – 19 May 1945) was a German senior Nazi Party functionary who was both a (National Leader) and Chief of the Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP. He was also the SS official responsible for the euthanas ...
– ''Reichsleiter'', Chief of the Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP and leader of the ''Aktion T4
(German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of ...
'' euthanasia program. Also an SS-''Obergruppenführer'', he committed suicide in May 1945.
* Fritz Bracht
Fritz Bracht (18 January 1899 – 9 May 1945) was the Nazi ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Upper Silesia.
Career
After training as a gardener, Bracht entered military service in 1917, and was deployed at the front until the end of World War I. Thereafter ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Upper Silesia
The Gau Upper Silesia (German: ''Gau Oberschlesien'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945 in the Upper Silesia part of the Prussian Province of Silesia. The Gau was created when the Gau Silesia was split into Upper Sil ...
and ''Oberpräsident
The ''german: Oberpräsident, label=none'' (Supreme President) was the highest administrative official in the Prussian provinces.
History
The Oberpräsident of a Prussian province was the supreme representative of the Prussian crown, until its ...
'' of the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia
The Province of Upper Silesia (german: Provinz Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ''Provinz Oberschläsing''; szl, Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk; pl, Prowincja Górny Śląsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprise ...
(1941–1945) and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Viktor Brack
Viktor Hermann Brack (9 November 1904 – 2 June 1948) was a member of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) and a convicted Nazi war criminal, who was one of the prominent organisers of the euthanasia programme Aktion T4; this Nazi initiative resulted in the ...
– Organizer of the Euthanasia program, Operation T4 and one of the men responsible for the gassing of Jews in the extermination camps
Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (german: Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (), or killing centers (), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust. The v ...
. In 1936, he was also appointed chief of ''Hauptamt II'' (main office II) in the Chancellery of the Führer.
* Otto Bradfisch
Otto Bradfisch (10 May 1903 – 22 June 1994) was an economist, a jurist, an SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant colonel), leader of Einsatzkommando 8 of Einsatzgruppe B of the Security Police ('' Sicherheitspolizei'' or SiPo) and the SD, ...
– Commander of the Security Police in Łódź
Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...
and Potsdam
Potsdam () is the capital and, with around 183,000 inhabitants, largest city of the German state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream of B ...
.
* Karl Brandt
Karl Brandt (8 January 1904 – 2 June 1948) was a German physician and ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) officer in Nazi Germany. Trained in surgery, Brandt joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and became Adolf Hitler's escort doctor in August 1934. A member of ...
– Personal physician of Adolf Hitler in August 1944 and co-headed the administration of the ''Aktion T4
(German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of ...
'' euthanasia program from 1939. He was an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Walther von Brauchitsch
Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch (4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German field marshal and the Commander-in-Chief (''Oberbefehlshaber'') of the German Army during World War II. Born into an aristocratic military family ...
– ''Generalfeldmarschall'', Commander-in-Chief of the German Army 1938–1941.
* Franz Breithaupt
Franz Breithaupt (8 December 1880 – 29 April 1945) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. From August 1942 until April 1945, he was chief of the SS Court Main Office ''(Hauptamt SS-Gericht)''. Breithaupt was murdered by his SS aide ...
, An ''SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS'', he was Chief of the SS Court Main Office
The SS Court Main Office (german: Hauptamt SS-Gericht) - one of the 12 SS main departments - was the legal department of the SS in Nazi Germany. It was responsible for formulating the laws and codes for the SS and various other groups of the poli ...
from 1942 to 1945, with exclusive jurisdiction for conducting investigations and trials of SS personnel.
* Helmuth Brückner
Helmuth Brückner (7 May 1896 – 12 January 1951?) was ''Gauleiter'' of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) in Silesia from 1925 until 1934, when he fell out of political favor.
Life
Helmuth Brückner was born on 7 May 1896 in Pe ...
– A participant in the Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
, he was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Silesia
The Gau Silesia (German: ''Gau Schlesien'') formed on 15 March 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1941 in the Prussian Province of Silesia. From 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party for this ...
from 1925 and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian provinces of both Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located ...
and Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ( pl, Dolny Śląsk; cz, Dolní Slezsko; german: Niederschlesien; szl, Dolny Ślōnsk; hsb, Delnja Šleska; dsb, Dolna Šlazyńska; Silesian German: ''Niederschläsing''; la, Silesia Inferior) is the northwestern part of the ...
from 1933. An SA-''Gruppenführer'', he was removed from office and expelled from the Party in December 1934 in the aftermath of the Röhm Putsch
The Night of the Long Knives (German language, German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 19 ...
.
* Alois Brunner
Alois Brunner (8 April 1912 – December 2001) was an Austrian (SS) SS-Hauptsturmführer who played a significant role in the implementation of the Holocaust through rounding up and deporting Jews in occupied Austria, Greece, Macedonia, France, ...
– Commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944.
* Walter Buch
Walter Buch (24 October 1883 – 12 September 1949) was a German jurist as well as an SA and SS official during the Nazi era. He was Martin Bormann's father-in-law. As head of the Supreme Party Court, he was an important Party official. ...
– Jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...
, ''Reichsleiter'', Chairman of the Uschla
The Uschla (''Untersuchung und Schlichtungs-Ausschuss'', roughly translated as the Investigation and Settlement Committee) was an internal Nazi Party tribunal that was established by Adolf Hitler in 1925 to settle intra-party problems and dispute ...
1927–1933 and Supreme Party Judge 1934–1945. He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Friedrich Buchardt
Friedrich Buchardt (17 March 1909, in Riga – 20 December 1982, in Nußloch) was a Baltic German SS functionary who commanded ''Vorkommando Moskau'', one of the divisions of Einsatzgruppe B. Post-war, he worked for MI6 (until 1947) and then, pr ...
– Member of the ''Einsatzgruppen'' death squad
A death squad is an armed group whose primary activity is carrying out extrajudicial killings or forced disappearances as part of political repression, genocide, ethnic cleansing, or revolutionary terror. Except in rare cases in which they are ...
s, who started off grading people on their Germanness and then progressed to outright genocide. Attributed to having been responsible for sending tens of thousands to their deaths, avoided justice by working for the Allied powers as an "Intelligence Source" on the Soviets.
* Josef Bühler
Josef Bühler (16 February 1904 – 22 August 1948) was a state secretary and deputy governor to the Nazi Germany-controlled General Government in Kraków during World War II.
Background
Bühler was born in Bad Waldsee into a Catholic family ...
– State secretary for the Nazi-controlled General Government in Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
during World War II.
* Josef Bürckel – A ''Gauleiter'' from 1926 in the Rhinepfalz and the Saarland
The Saarland (, ; french: Sarre ) is a state of Germany in the south west of the country. With an area of and population of 990,509 in 2018, it is the smallest German state in area apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, and ...
(later, Gau Westmark
The Gau Westmark (English: ''Western March'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. From 1925 to 1933, it was a regional subdivision of the Nazi Party.
History
The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was established at a part ...
) from 1935. An SS-''Obergruppenführer'', he was Chief of Civil Administration
Chief of Civil Administration (german: 'Chef der Zivilverwaltung, CdZ') was an office introduced in Nazi Germany, operational during World War II. Its task was to administer civil issues according to occupation law, with the primary purpose being t ...
in occupied Lorraine
Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gr ...
. He was also ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter
The ''Reichsstatthalter'' (, ''Imperial lieutenant'') was a title used in the German Empire and later in Nazi Germany.
''Statthalter des Reiches'' (1879–1918)
The office of ''Statthalter des Reiches'' (otherwise known as ''Reichsstatthalte ...
'' (Reich Governor) in Vienna 1938-1940. He died in 1944.
* Wilhelm Burgdorf
Wilhelm Emanuel Burgdorf (15 February 1895 – 2 May 1945) was a German general during World War II, who served as a commander and staff officer in the German Army. In October 1944, Burgdorf assumed the role of the chief of the Army Personnel O ...
– General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
of the ''Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
'' and Chief of its personnel office.
* Anton Burger – Commandant of concentration camp Theresienstadt
Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination cam ...
between 1943 and 1944.
C
*Werner Catel
Werner Catel (27 June 1894 – 30 April 1981), Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Leipzig, was one of three doctors considered an expert on the programme of euthanasia for children and participated in the Action T4 "euthanasia" programm ...
– Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Leipzig
Leipzig University (german: Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 Decemb ...
, considered an expert on the program of euthanasia for children and participated in the ''Aktion T4
(German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of ...
'' program.
* Leonardo Conti
Leonardo Conti (; 24 August 1900 – 6 October 1945) was the Reich Health Leader in Nazi Germany. The killing of many Germans who were of "unsound mind" is attributed to his leadership.
Early life
Conti was born to a Swiss Italian father, Silv ...
– Head of the Reich Physicians' Chamber (''Reichsärztekammer'') and leader of the National Socialist German Doctors' League
The National Socialist German Doctors' League (''Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Ärztebund'', abbreviated as NSDÄB or NSD-Ärztebund) was a division of the Nazi Party with the mission of integrating the German medical profession within the f ...
(1939–1944). He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and participated in the Aktion T4
(German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of ...
euthenasia program.
D
*Kurt Daluege
Kurt Max Franz Daluege (15 September 1897 – 24 October 1946) was chief of the national uniformed ''Ordnungspolizei'' (Order Police) of Nazi Germany. Following Reinhard Heydrich's assassination in 1942, he served as Deputy Protector for th ...
– SS-'' Oberstgruppenführer und Generaloberst der Polizei'' as chief of the ''Ordnungspolizei
The ''Ordnungspolizei'' (), abbreviated ''Orpo'', meaning "Order Police", were the uniformed police force in Nazi Germany from 1936 to 1945. The Orpo organisation was absorbed into the Nazi monopoly on power after regional police jurisdiction w ...
'' (uniformed police); from 1942 he ruled the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; cs, Protektorát Čechy a Morava; its territory was called by the Nazis ("the rest of Czechia"). was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German oc ...
as Acting Protector after Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.
He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...
's assassination.
* Richard Walther Darré – ''Reichsleiter'', Reich Peasant Leader and Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture from 1933 to 1942. He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office.
* Rudolf Diels
Rudolf Diels (16 December 1900 – 18 November 1957) was a German civil servant and head of the Gestapo in 1933–34. He obtained the rank of SS-''Oberführer'' and was a protégé of Hermann Göring.
Early life
Diels was born in Berghausen in ...
– Protégé of Hermann Göring. First Chief of the Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
from 26 April 1933 to 20 April 1934. An SS-''Oberführer
__NOTOC__
''Oberführer'' (short: ''Oberf'', , ) was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) dating back to 1921. An ''Oberführer'' was typically a NSDAP member in charge of a group of paramilitary units in a particular geographic ...
'', he was the '' Regierungspräsident'' (District President) of the Cologne district (1934–1936) and the Hanover district
Hanover Region (german: Region Hannover) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Heidekreis, Celle, Gifhorn, Peine, Hildesheim, Hamelin-Pyrmont, Schaumburg and Nienburg.
The ...
(1936–1942).
* Josef "Sepp" Dietrich – SS-'' Oberstgruppenführer'' in the Waffen-SS
The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscripts from both occup ...
; original commander of Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
The 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler or SS Division Leibstandarte, abbreviated as LSSAH, (german: 1. SS-Panzerdivision "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler") began as Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard unit, responsible for guarding ...
(LSSAH); later commander of the 6th SS Panzer Army.
* Otto Dietrich
Jacob Otto Dietrich (31 August 1897 – 22 November 1952) was a German SS officer during the Nazi era, who served as the Press Chief of the Nazi regime and was a confidant of Adolf Hitler.
Biography
Otto Dietrich was born in Essen, he served a ...
– ''Reichsleiter'', Reich Press Chief, Vice-President of the Reich Press Chamber, State Secretary in the Ministry of Propaganda and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Oskar Dirlewanger
Oskar Paul Dirlewanger (26 September 1895 – ) was a German military officer ('' SS-Oberführer'') who served as the founder and commander of the Nazi SS penal unit "Dirlewanger" during World War II. Serving in Poland and in Belarus, his nam ...
– A SS-''Oberführer'' and war criminal, he commanded the SS-''Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger'' consisting of amnestied Germans convicted of major crimes.
* Karl Dönitz
Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz; ; 16 September 1891 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as head of state in May 1945, holding the position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government follo ...
– ''Großadmiral
Grand admiral is a historic naval rank, the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as . A comparable rank in modern navies is that of admiral of the fleet.
Grand admirals in individual n ...
'', ''Führer der Unterseeboote'' (Commander of Submarines) 1936–1943, Commander-in-Chief of the ''Kriegsmarine
The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the a ...
'' 1943–1945 and the last head of state of Nazi Germany following Hitler's suicide.
* Franz Xaver Dorsch
Franz Xaver Dorsch (24 December 1899 – 8 November 1986) was a German civil engineer who became the chief engineer of the Organisation Todt (OT), a civil and military engineering group in Nazi Germany that was responsible for a huge range of engi ...
– A participant in the Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
, he was Fritz Todt
Fritz Todt (; 4 September 1891 – 8 February 1942) was a German construction engineer and senior Nazi who rose from the position of Inspector General for German Roadways, in which he directed the construction of the German autobahns (''Reichsa ...
's deputy as Chief Engineer in the Organization Todt
Organisation Todt (OT; ) was a civil and military engineering organisation in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, named for its founder, Fritz Todt, an engineer and senior Nazi. The organisation was responsible for a huge range of engineering projec ...
(OT). Dorsch played a leading role in the construction of the Siegfried Line
The Siegfried Line, known in German as the ''Westwall'', was a German defensive line built during the 1930s (started 1936) opposite the French Maginot Line. It stretched more than ; from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the west ...
and the Atlantic Wall
The Atlantic Wall (german: link=no, Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticip ...
. After Todt's death, he remained OT deputy under Albert Speer
Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he ...
and succeeded him as head of the OT in April 1944.
* Richard Drauz – Kreisleiter of Heilbronn
Heilbronn () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn (district), Heilbronn District. With over 126,000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state.
From the late Mid ...
.
* Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
Otto-Heinrich Drechsler (1 April 1895 – 5 May 1945) was the General Commissioner of Latvia for the Nazi Germany's occupation regime ( Reichskommissariat Ostland) during World War II. In this capacity, he played a role in setting up the Riga g ...
–''Bürgermeister
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally "master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, master of the citizens") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief m ...
'' of Lübeck
Lübeck (; Low German also ), officially the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (german: Hansestadt Lübeck), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 217,000 inhabitants, Lübeck is the second-largest city on the German Baltic coast and in the stat ...
(1933–1945) he was an SS-''Brigadeführer
''Brigadeführer'' (, ) was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between the years of 1932 to 1945. It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as ''Untergruppenf ...
'' and ''Generalkommissar'' of occupied Latvia from 1941 to 1945.
* Anton Drexler
Anton Drexler (13 June 1884 – 24 February 1942) was a German far-right political agitator for the Völkisch movement in the 1920s. He founded the pan-German and anti-Semitic German Workers' Party (DAP), the antecedent of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). ...
– A founder and Chairman of the German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (german: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was a short-lived far-right political party established in Weimar Germany after World War I. It was the precursor of the Nazi Party, which was officially known as the National Soci ...
, the precursor to the Nazi Party. He was a co-author of the National Socialist Program
The National Socialist Program, also known as the 25-point Program or the 25-point Plan (), was the party program of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP, and referred to in English as the Nazi Party). Adolf Hitler announced the par ...
and Chairman of the Nazi Party from February 1920 to July 1921 when he was succeeded by Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
.
E
*Irmfried Eberl
Irmfried Eberl (8 September 1910 – 16 February 1948) was an Austrian psychiatrist and medical director of the euthanasia institutes in Brandenburg and Bernburg, who helped set up and was the first commandant of the Treblinka extermination camp ...
– Commandant of Treblinka extermination camp
Treblinka () was an extermination camp, built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II. It was in a forest north-east of Warsaw, south of the village of Treblinka in what is now the Masovian Voivodeship. The camp ...
, July to September 1942.
* Dietrich Eckart
Dietrich Eckart (; 23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German '' völkisch'' poet, playwright, journalist, publicist, and political activist who was one of the founders of the German Workers' Party, the precursor of the Nazi Party. Eckart ...
– A founder of the German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (german: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was a short-lived far-right political party established in Weimar Germany after World War I. It was the precursor of the Nazi Party, which was officially known as the National Soci ...
, a precursor to the Nazi Party, he was the first editor of ''Völkischer Beobachter
The ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (; "'' Völkisch'' Observer") was the newspaper of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 25 December 1920. It first appeared weekly, then daily from 8 February 1923. For twenty-four years it formed part of the official pub ...
'' and a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
.
* Joachim Albrecht Eggeling – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt
The Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Formed in 1926 as Gau Anhalt-North Saxony Province by the merger of three smaller Gaue (Anhalt, Elbe-Havel and Magdeburg) it comprised the German state of A ...
(1935–1937) and Gau Halle-Merseburg (1937–1945); ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Halle-Merseburg from 1944; and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''
''
RSHA
The Reich Security Main Office (german: Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as ''Chef der Deutschen Polizei'' (Chief of German Police) and ''Reichsführer-SS'', the head of the Nazi ...
''Referat IV B4, Juden'' (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4, Jews); responsible for facilitation and transportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps. Fled to Argentina; captured there by Mossad
Mossad ( , ), ; ar, الموساد, al-Mōsād, ; , short for ( he, המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, links=no), meaning 'Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations'. is the national intelligence agency ...
operatives in 1960, tried in Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
and executed on 1 June 1962.
* Theodor Eicke
Theodor Eicke (17 October 1892 – 26 February 1943) was a senior SS functionary and Waffen SS divisional commander during the Nazi era. He was one of the key figures in the development of Nazi concentration camps. Eicke served as the seco ...
– An SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and one of the executioners of Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (; 28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally ...
. A leading figure in the establishment of the concentration camps system, he was Commandant of Dachau, Concentration Camps Inspector from 1934 to 1939 and then commander of the 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf
The 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" (german: 3. SS-Panzerdivision "Totenkopf") was an elite division of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II, formed from the Standarten of the SS-TV. Its name, ''Totenkopf'', is German for "de ...
.
* August Eigruber
August Eigruber (16 April 1907 – 28 May 1947) was an Austrian-born Nazi Gauleiter and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Oberdonau (Upper Danube) and Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria. He was convicted of war crimes at Mauthausen-Gusen conce ...
– ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Upper Danube; ''Landeshauptmann
Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (, "state captain", plural ''Landeshauptleute'') is the chairman of a state government and the supreme official of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol an ...
'' of Upper Austria
Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, a ...
; ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SA and the SS.
* Franz Ritter von Epp – ''Reichsleiter'', ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
, head of the NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy
The NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy (German: ''Kolonialpolitisches Amt der NSDAP'', ''K.P.A.'' or ''KPA'') was a Nazi Party office formed in 1934. Its stated objective was to formulate plans for the re-taking of the former German colonies. The of ...
and ''General of Infantry General of the Infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to:
* General of the Infantry (Austria)
* General of the Infantry (Bulgaria)
* General of the Infantry (Germany) ('), a rank of a general in the German Impe ...
''.
* Hermann Esser
Hermann Esser (29 July 1900 – 7 February 1981) was an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A journalist, Esser was the editor of the Nazi paper, ''Völkischer Beobachter'', a Propaganda Leader, and a Vice President of the Reichstag. In the ...
– Early member of the Nazi Party; propagandist; editor of Nazi newspaper ''Völkischer Beobachter
The ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (; "'' Völkisch'' Observer") was the newspaper of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 25 December 1920. It first appeared weekly, then daily from 8 February 1923. For twenty-four years it formed part of the official pub ...
''; Second Vice-President of the '' Reichstag''; State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Propaganda
The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (; RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (), controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany.
The ministry ...
(1938–1945).
* Richard Euringer
Richard Euringer (April 4, 1891 – August 29, 1953) was a German writer. Although active starting in the 1920s, he is best known for his later career, in which he was a supporter of the Nazis. His best-known work is probably '' Als Flieger in z ...
– Writer who selected 18,000 "unsuitable" books, which did not conform to Nazi ideology and were publicly burned.
F
*Gottfried Feder
Gottfried Feder (27 January 1883 – 24 September 1941) was a German civil engineer, a self-taught economist, and one of the early key members of the Nazi Party and its economic theoretician. It was one of his lectures, delivered in 1919, that d ...
– An economic theorist, he was a founder of the German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (german: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was a short-lived far-right political party established in Weimar Germany after World War I. It was the precursor of the Nazi Party, which was officially known as the National Soci ...
, a precursor to the Nazi Party. He was Hitler's mentor on economic issues, was co-author of the National Socialist Program
The National Socialist Program, also known as the 25-point Program or the 25-point Plan (), was the party program of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP, and referred to in English as the Nazi Party). Adolf Hitler announced the par ...
and a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
.
* Hermann Fegelein
Hans Otto Georg Hermann Fegelein (30 October 1906 – 28 April 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany. He was a member of Adolf Hitler's entourage and brother-in-law to Eva Braun through his marriage to her si ...
– An SS-''Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS'', he was married to Eva Braun
Eva Anna Paula Hitler (; 6 February 1912 – 30 April 1945) was a German photographer who was the longtime companion and briefly the wife of Adolf Hitler. Braun met Hitler in Munich when she was a 17-year-old assistant and model for his ...
’s sister, Gretl
gretl is an open-source statistical package, mainly for econometrics. The name is an acronym for ''G''nu ''R''egression, ''E''conometrics and ''T''ime-series ''L''ibrary.
It has both a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command-line inter ...
. The SS Liaison Officer to Hitler’s headquarters, he was shot for desertion in April 1945.
* Karl Fiehler
Karl Fiehler (31 August 1895 – 8 December 1969) was a German Nazi Party (NSDAP) official and Mayor of Munich from 1933 until 1945. He was an early member of the Nazi Party having joined in 1920. In 1933, he became a '' Reichsleiter'' in the pa ...
– ''Reichsleiter'' for Municipal Politics and '' Oberburgomeister'' of Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
from 1933 to 1945. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Friedrich Karl Florian – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Düsseldorf
The Gau Düsseldorf was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the Düsseldorf region of the Prussian Rhine Province. Before that, from 1930 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
Histor ...
and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Albert Forster – ''Reichsstatthalter'' and ''Gauleiter'' of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (german: Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), ...
from 1939 to 1945, he was an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Hans Frank
Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and lawyer who served as head of the General Government in Nazi-occupied Poland during the Second World War.
Frank was an early member of the German Workers' Party ...
– A lawyer, he was Hitler's legal advisor, an Uschla
The Uschla (''Untersuchung und Schlichtungs-Ausschuss'', roughly translated as the Investigation and Settlement Committee) was an internal Nazi Party tribunal that was established by Adolf Hitler in 1925 to settle intra-party problems and dispute ...
judge, ''Reichsleiter'' for Legal Issues, Bavarian Minister of Justice, President of the Academy for German Law
The Academy for German Law (german: Akademie für deutsches Recht) was an institute for legal research and reform founded on 26 June 1933 in Nazi Germany. After suspending its operations during the Second World War in August 1944, it was abolished ...
(1933–1942) Reich Minister without portfolio and Governor-General of occupied Poland
' (Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 October 2 ...
. He was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''. Involved in perpetration of the Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
, he was convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Karl Hermann Frank
Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 – 22 May 1946) was a prominent Sudeten German Nazi official in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia prior to and during World War II. Attaining the rank of ''Obergruppenführer'', he was in command of th ...
– Prominent Sudeten-German Nazi official and SS-''Obergruppenführer
' (, "senior group leader") was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissio ...
'' who served as Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...
and Higher SS and Police Leader in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; cs, Protektorát Čechy a Morava; its territory was called by the Nazis ("the rest of Czechia"). was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German oc ...
.
* Roland Freisler
Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945), a German Nazi jurist, judge, and politician, served as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942 and as President of the People's Court from 1942 to 1945.
As ...
– State Secretary of Adolf Hitler's Reich Ministry of Justice
''Reich'' (; ) is a German language, German noun whose meaning is analogous to the meaning of the English word "realm"; this is not to be confused with the German adjective "reich" which means "rich". The terms ' (literally the "realm of an emp ...
; President of the '' Volksgerichtshof'' (People's Court) from 1942 to 1945; sentenced hundreds of people to death, including Sophie Scholl
Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany.
She was convicted of high treason after having been f ...
, Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (; 22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's ...
and various members of the July 20 Plot
On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. The ...
; killed while returning to the courthouse to collect some files during an air raid on Berlin.
* Wilhelm Frick
Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a prominent German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), who served as Reich Minister of the Interior in Adolf Hitler's cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate ...
– ''Reichsleiter'', Reich Minister of Interior (1933–1943); Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945). Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed ...
– General Admiral in the Kriegsmarine
The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the a ...
, he succeeded Karl Dönitz as Commander of U-boats in 1943 and as Navy Commander-in-Chief in 1945.
* Werner von Fritsch
Thomas Ludwig Werner Freiherr von Fritsch (4 August 1880 – 22 September 1939) was a member of the German High Command. He was Commander-in-Chief of the German Army from February 1934 until February 1938, when he was forced to resign after he ...
– ''Generaloberst
A ("colonel general") was the second-highest general officer rank in the German ''Reichswehr'' and ''Wehrmacht'', the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, the East Germany, East German National People's Army and in their respective police services. ...
'', Commander-in-Chief of the Army from 1935 to 1938. Forced out in the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair.
* Hans Fritzsche – Head of the Press Division and then the Radio Division at the Reich Ministry for Propaganda.
* Walther Funk
Walther Funk (18 August 1890 – 31 May 1960) was a German economist and Nazi official who served as Reich Minister for Economic Affairs (1938–1945) and president of Reichsbank (1939–1945). During his incumbency, he oversaw the mobi ...
– State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Propaganda
The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (; RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (), controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany.
The ministry ...
(1933–1937) Reich Minister for Economics (1938–1945) and President of the ''Reichsbank
The ''Reichsbank'' (; 'Bank of the Reich, Bank of the Realm') was the central bank of the German Reich from 1876 until 1945.
History until 1933
The Reichsbank was founded on 1 January 1876, shortly after the establishment of the German Empi ...
'' (1939–1945).
G
*Karl Gebhardt
Karl Franz Gebhardt (23 November 1897 – 2 June 1948) was a German medical doctor and a war criminal during World War II. He served as Medical Superintendent of the Hohenlychen Sanatorium, Consulting Surgeon of the ''Waffen-SS'', Chief Surgeon in ...
– Personal physician of Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was of the (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of th ...
; one of the main perpetrators of surgical experiments performed on concentration camp inmates at Ravensbrück and Auschwitz
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
.
* Achim Gercke
Achim Gercke (3 August 1902 – 27 October 1997) was a German politician.
Born in Greifswald, Gercke became a department head of the NSDAP in Munich on 1 January 1932. In April 1933 he was appointed to the Ministry of the Interior, where he ...
– Expert on racial matters at the Ministry of the Interior
An interior ministry (sometimes called a ministry of internal affairs or ministry of home affairs) is a government department that is responsible for internal affairs.
Lists of current ministries of internal affairs
Named "ministry"
* Ministry ...
. Devised the system of racial prophylaxis, forbidding intermarriage between Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
and Aryans
Aryan or Arya (, Indo-Iranian *''arya'') is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (*''an-arya''). In Ancient India, the term ...
.
* Karl Gerland
Karl Gerland (14 July 1905 – 21 April 1945) was a Nazism, Nazi ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Electoral Hesse, Gau Kurhessen and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Kurhessen. On 21 April 1945, Gerland was killed in action against the Soviet R ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Electoral Hesse from 1943 and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Kurhessen
The Province of Kurhessen () or Electoral Hesse was a province of Prussia within Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945.
Although all German states, including Prussia, had ''de facto'' been dissolved since 1933, the Nazi government formally parti ...
from 1944, he was an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
*Paul Giesler
Paul Giesler (15 June 1895 – 8 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party functionary responsible for acts of brutality which included killing opponents of the regime in southern Germany. He first joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1922; he reenrolled on ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Westphalia-South
The Gau Westphalia-South (German: ''Gau Westfalen-Süd'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany encompassing the Arnsberg Region in the southern part of the Prussian province of Westphalia between 1933 and 1945. From 1931 to 1933, it was ...
(1941–1943) and Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria
The Gau Munich–Upper Bavaria (German: ''Gau München–Oberbayern'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Upper Bavaria from 1933 to 1945. From 1930 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
H ...
(1942–1945). He was also Minister President
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary system, parliamentary or semi-presidential system, semi-presidential system of government where ...
of Bavaria from 1942, an SA-''Obergruppenfuhrer'' and was named Minister of the Interior in Hitler's will.
* Herbert Otto Gille
Herbert Otto Gille (8 March 1897 – 26 December 1966) was a high-ranking German SS officer, and divisional & corps commander of the Waffen SS. He commanded the SS Division Wiking during World War II. Gille was a recipient of the Knight's Cr ...
– SS-''Obergruppenfuhrer''; Waffen-SS General. Awarded the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds and the German Cross in Gold, became the most highly decorated Waffen-SS member during World War II.
* Odilo Globocnik
Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik (21 April 1904 – 31 May 1945) was an Austrian Nazi and a perpetrator of the Holocaust. He was an official of the Nazi Party and later a high-ranking leader of the SS. Globocnik had a leading role in Operation Re ...
– A prominent Austrian Nazi, as an SS-''Obergruppenführer'' he was an SS and Police Leader in the General Government
The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
and in the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral (german: Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, OZAK; or colloquially: ''Operationszone Adria''; it, Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico; hr, Operativna zona Jadransko primorje; sl, Operacijs ...
. As head of Operation Reinhard
or ''Einsatz Reinhard''
, location = Occupied Poland
, date = October 1941 – November 1943
, incident_type = Mass deportations to extermination camps
, perpetrators = Odilo Globočnik, Hermann Höfle, Richard Thomalla, Erwin L ...
he was one of those responsible for the murder of millions of people during the Holocaust.
* Richard Glücks – SS-''Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS'', he was Concentration Camps Inspector (CCI) after Eicke, from 1939 to 1945, and committed suicide in May 1945.
* (Paul) Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels (; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician who was the ''Gauleiter'' (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 19 ...
– One of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, known for zealous oratory and antisemitism. ''Reichsleiter'', ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Berlin
The Gau Berlin was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the German capital Berlin. Before that, from 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. From 1926 to 1928 Berlin was part of the ...
, and Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda throughout Nazi Germany, he became Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War and ''Stadtpräsident'' of Berlin in 1944. Named Reich Chancellor
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the G ...
in Hitler's will, he held this position for only one day before his own suicide.
* Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1 ...
– Hitler's designated successor (until expelled from office by Hitler in late April 1945); President of the Reichstag; Minister President
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary system, parliamentary or semi-presidential system, semi-presidential system of government where ...
and Interior Minister of Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
; Reich Aviation Minister; ''Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
'' Commander-in-Chief; Delegate for the Four Year Plan
The Four Year Plan was a series of economic measures initiated by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany in 1936. Hitler placed Hermann Göring in charge of these measures, making him a Reich Plenipotentiary (Reichsbevollmächtigter) whose jurisdiction cut a ...
; and Chairman of the Council of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich
The Council of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich (German: ''Ministerrat für die Reichsverteidigung'') was a six-member ministerial council created in Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler on 30 August 1939, in anticipation of the invasion of Poland &n ...
. As ''Reichsmarschall
(german: Reichsmarschall des Großdeutschen Reiches; ) was a rank and the highest military office in the ''Wehrmacht'' specially created for Hermann Göring during World War II. It was senior to the rank of , which was previously the highes ...
'', the highest-ranking military officer in the Third Reich; sole holder of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (german: Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its allies. It was the second highest class of the Iron Cross, following the Star of the Grand ...
; sentenced to death by the Nuremberg Tribunal but committed suicide hours before his scheduled hanging; World War I veteran as ace fighter pilot; participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
; founder of the Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
.
* Amon Goeth – SS-''Hauptsturmführer
__NOTOC__
(, ; short: ''Hstuf'') was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in several Nazi organizations such as the SS, NSKK and the NSFK. The rank of ''Hauptsturmführer'' was a mid-level commander and had equivalent seniority to a ...
''. Nazi concentration camp commandant at Płaszów
Płaszów is a suburb of Kraków, Poland, now part of Podgórze district. Formerly a separate village, it became a part of the Greater Kraków in 1911 under the Austrian Partition of Poland as the 21st cadastral district of the city. During World ...
, General Government, German-occupied Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
.
* Ulrich Graf
Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 – 3 March 1950) was an early member of the Nazi Party and one of Adolf Hitler's inner circle. In 1923, he served in a bodyguard unit for Hitler and was wounded in the Beer Hall Putsch. He was a long serving member of ...
– Member of the Stoßtrupp-Hitler
Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler ("Shock Troop-Hitler") was a small, short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heid ...
, he was wounded in the Beer Hall Putsch. He was an Uschla
The Uschla (''Untersuchung und Schlichtungs-Ausschuss'', roughly translated as the Investigation and Settlement Committee) was an internal Nazi Party tribunal that was established by Adolf Hitler in 1925 to settle intra-party problems and dispute ...
judge, Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
City Councillor and SS-''Brigadeführer
''Brigadeführer'' (, ) was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between the years of 1932 to 1945. It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as ''Untergruppenf ...
''.
* Robert Ritter von Greim
Robert ''Ritter'' von Greim (born Robert Greim; 22 June 1892 – 24 May 1945) was a German field marshal and First World War flying ace. In April 1945, in the last days of World War II, Adolf Hitler appointed Greim commander-in-chief of the ''L ...
– ''Luftwaffe'' ''Generalfeldmarschall'' and last ''Luftwaffe'' Commander-in-Chief succeeding the deposed Hermann Göring in the last days of World War II.
* Arthur Greiser
Arthur Karl Greiser (22 January 1897 – 21 July 1946) was a Nazi German politician, SS-''Obergruppenführer'', ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' (Reich Governor) of the German-occupied territory of ''Wartheland''. He was one of the perso ...
– ''Reichsstatthalter'' and ''Gauleiter'' of Reichsgau Wartheland
The ''Reichsgau Wartheland'' (initially ''Reichsgau Posen'', also: ''Warthegau'') was a Nazi German ''Reichsgau'' formed from parts of Polish territory annexed in 1939 during World War II. It comprised the region of Greater Poland and adjacent a ...
from 1939 to 1945, he was an ''Obergruppenfuhrer'' in both the SS and the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK).
* Wilhelm Grimm
Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 178616 December 1859) was a German author and anthropologist, and the younger brother of Jacob Grimm, of the literary duo the Brothers Grimm.
Life and work
Wilhelm was born in February 1786 in Hanau, in ...
– ''Reichsleiter''; Chairman of the Second Chamber of the Supreme Party Court 1932–1939 and an SS-''Gruppenführer''. Died in a car accident in 1944.
* Josef Grohé
Josef Grohé (6 November 1902 – 27 December 1987) was a German Nazi Party official. He was the long-serving ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Cologne-Aachen and ''Reichskommissar'' for Belgium and Northern France toward the end of the Second World Wa ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Cologne-Aachen
The Gau Cologne-Aachen (German: ''Gau Köln-Aachen'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the north-central part of the Prussian Rhine Province. Before that, from 1931 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of th ...
and ''Reichskommissar
(, rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.
Germa ...
'' for Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France
The Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France (german: Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich) was a Nazi German civil administration (''Zivilverwaltung'') which governed most of occupied Belgium and northern parts of occupied Franc ...
, he was an ''Obergruppenführer'' in the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK).
* Walter Groß – Chief of the Nazi Party (NSDAP)'s Racial Policy Office. Implicated in the Final Solution
The Final Solution (german: die Endlösung, ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (german: Endlösung der Judenfrage, ) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to th ...
.
* Kurt Gruber
Kurt Gruber (21 October 1904 in Syrau, Vogtland – 24 December 1943 in Dresden) was a Nazi politician and from 1926 to 1931 the first chairman of the Hitler Youth (''Hitler-Jugend'' or HJ).
Career
After the failed Beerhall Putsch in 1923, man ...
– First chairman of the Hitler Youth
The Hitler Youth (german: Hitlerjugend , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. ...
(1926–1931).
* Hans Friedrich Karl Günther – Academic, teaching racial theory and eugenics
Eugenics ( ; ) is a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or ...
.
* Franz Gürtner
Franz Gürtner (26 August 1881 – 29 January 1941) was a German Minister of Justice in the governments of Franz von Papen, Kurt von Schleicher and Adolf Hitler. Gürtner was responsible for coordinating jurisprudence in Nazi Germany and provided ...
– Minister of Justice in Bavaria (1922–1932) he became Reich Minister of Justice from 1932 to his death in 1941.
H
*Eugen Hadamovsky
Eugen Paul Hadamovsky (14 December 1904 – 1 March 1945) was a politician and radio production director in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1942.
Early years
Hadamovsky was born and raised in Berlin; he already joined the paramilitary '' Black Rei ...
– National programming director for German radio; chief of staff in the Nazi Party's Central Propaganda Office (Reichspropagandaleitung) in Berlin from 1942 to 1944.
* Heinrich Hager – SA-Oberführer. Elected at Reichstag 1932 to his death in 1941. Leader of SA Brigade 77.
* Karl Hanke
Karl August Hanke (24 August 1903 – 8 June 1945) was an official of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) during its rule over Germany and served as the fifth and last '' Reichsführer'' of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). He also served as ''Gauleiter'' of ...
– A State Secretary in the Ministry of Propaganda (1937–1941); ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Lower Silesia
The Gau Lower Silesia (German: ''Gau Niederschlesien'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945 in the Lower Silesia part of the Prussian Province of Silesia. The Gau was created when the Gau Silesia was split into Lower S ...
and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia
The Province of Lower Silesia (german: Provinz Niederschlesien; Silesian German: ''Provinz Niederschläsing''; pl, Prowincja Dolny Śląsk; szl, Prowincyjŏ Dolny Ślōnsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. Between ...
from 1941 to 1945; the last ''Reichsführer-SS
(, ) was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the (SS). ''Reichsführer-SS'' was a title from 1925 to 1933, and from 1934 to 1945 it was the highest rank of the SS. The longest-servi ...
'' (after Himmler was expelled from office by Hitler) from late April to early May 1945.
* Fritz Hartjenstein
Friedrich Hartjenstein (3 July 1905 – 20 October 1954) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. A member of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, he served at various Nazi concentration camps such as Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen. After the S ...
– SS-''Obersturmbannführer''. Concentration camp commandant at Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
, Natzweiler
Natzwiller () is a Communes of France, commune in the Bas-Rhin Departments of France, department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
History
Built in spring 1941 on the territory of the commune, Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp opened fo ...
and Flossenbürg.
* Paul Hausser
Paul Hausser also known as Paul Falk after taking his maiden name post war (7 October 1880 – 21 December 1972) was a German general and then a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS who played a key role in the post-war efforts by former mem ...
– SS-'' Oberstgruppenführer''; ''Generaloberst der Waffen-SS''. First commander of the military ''SS-Verfügungstruppe'' (SS-VT) that grew into the Waffen-SS, in which he was a prominent field commander.
* Franz Hayler – State Secretary and Deputy to the Reich Economics Minister during the latter part of World War II.
* Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (; ; 26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. He is among the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th centur ...
– Eminent philosopher; NSDAP member who supported Hitler after he became Chancellor in 1933.
* Erhard Heiden
Erhard Heiden (23 February 1901 – 1933) was an early member of the Nazi Party and the third commander of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), the paramilitary wing of the '' Sturmabteilung'' ("Storm Detachment; SA"). He was appointed head of the SS, a ...
– Founding member of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS); its third ''Reichsführer'' from 1927 to 1929.
* Edmund Heines
Edmund Heines (21 July 1897 – 30 June 1934) was a German Nazi politician and Deputy to Ernst Röhm, the '' Stabschef'' of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA). Heines was one of the earliest members of the Nazi Party and a leading member of the SA in M ...
– An early Party member, he participated in the Beer Hall Putsch. Deputy ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Silesia
The Gau Silesia (German: ''Gau Schlesien'') formed on 15 March 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1941 in the Prussian Province of Silesia. From 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party for this ...
, Police President of Breslau and an SA-''Obergruppenführer'', he was the Deputy to Stabschef
''Stabschef'' (, "Chief of Staff") was an office and paramilitary rank in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank is e ...
Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (; 28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally ...
from 1931 and was executed during the Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
.
* August Heißmeyer – An SS-''Obergruppenführer'', he led the SS Main Office (1935–1939) and was the Higher SS and Police Leader for Berlin and Brandenburg (1939–1945).
* Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff
Wolf-Heinrich Julius Otto Bernhard Fritz Hermann Ferdinand Graf von Helldorff (14 October 1896 – 15 August 1944) was an SA-''Obergruppenführer'', German police official and politician. He served as a member of the Landtag of Prussia during th ...
– An SA-''Obergruppenführer'' and ''General der Polizei'', he was Police President of Potsdam (1933–1935) and Berlin (1935–1944) where he led anti-Jewish riots. Involved in the 20 July Plot
On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. The ...
, he was executed in 1944.
* Otto Hellmuth
Otto Hellmuth (22 July 1896 – 20 April 1968) was a member of the Nazi Party and the ''Gauleiter'' in Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') from 1928 to 1945.
Early life
Born at Markt Einersheim, during World War I he entered service as a Kri ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Mainfranken and an ''Obergruppenführer'' in the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK).
* Konrad Henlein
Konrad Ernst Eduard Henlein (6 May 1898 – 10 May 1945) was a leading Sudeten German politician in Czechoslovakia. Upon the German occupation in October 1938 he joined the Nazi Party as well as the '' SS'' and was appointed ''Gauleiter'' of the ...
– A Sudeten German, he founded the Sudeten German Party
The Sudeten German Party (german: Sudetendeutsche Partei, SdP, cs, Sudetoněmecká strana) was created by Konrad Henlein under the name ''Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront'' ("Front of the Sudeten German Homeland") on 1 October 1933, some months afte ...
and was the ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Sudetenland
The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the '' Sudetenland'' territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. ...
and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess held that position unt ...
(not to be confused with Rudolf Höß) – ''Reichsleiter'', SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and Deputy ''Führer'' to Hitler until his flight to Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
on the eve of the German invasion of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
in June 1941.
* Walther Hewel
Walther Hewel (25 March 1904 – 2 May 1945) was a German diplomat before and during World War II, an early and active member of the Nazi Party, and one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal friends.
Early life
Hewel was born in 1904 ...
– An early Party member and a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch. He was a protégé of Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (; 30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945.
Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's not ...
, a "Special Ambassador" and the Foreign Office liaison to Hitler. He was a personal friend of Hitler and an SS-''Brigadeführer''.
* Werner Heyde
Werner Heyde (aka Fritz Sawade) (25 April 1902 – 13 February 1964) was a German psychiatrist. He was one of the main organizers of Nazi Germany's T-4 Euthanasia Program.
Early life
Heyde was born in Forst (Lausitz), on May 25, in 1902, and com ...
– Psychiatrist; one of the main organizers of the T-4 Euthanasia Program.
* Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.
He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...
– SS-''Obergruppenführer''; ''General der Polizei'', Chief of the RSHA or ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt
The Reich Security Main Office (german: Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as ''Chef der Deutschen Polizei'' (Chief of German Police) and ''Reichsführer-SS'', the head of the Nazi ...
'' (Reich Security Main Office: including the Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
, SD and Kripo
''Kriminalpolizei'' (, "criminal police") is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the police forces of Germany, Austria, and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland. In Nazi Germany, the Kripo was the criminal polic ...
police
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and t ...
agencies); ''Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor'' (Deputy Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. He was Himmler's "right-hand man", and considered a principal architect of the Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
and the Final Solution
The Final Solution (german: die Endlösung, ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (german: Endlösung der Judenfrage, ) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to th ...
. Assassinated in Prague in 1942 by British-trained Czech commandos.
* Konstantin Hierl – ''Reichsleiter'' and head of the ''Reichsarbeitsdienst
The Reich Labour Service (''Reichsarbeitsdienst''; RAD) was a major organisation established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ...
''; associate of Adolf Hitler before he came to power.
* Friedrich Hildebrandt
Friedrich Hildebrandt (19 September 1898 – 5 November 1948) was a Nazi Party politician, a ''Gauleiter'' and an Schutzstaffel, SS-''Obergruppenführer''. He was adjudged and executed for war crimes committed during the time of Nazi Germany.
...
– ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Gau Mecklenburg
The Gau Mecklenburg, was formed as Gau Mecklenburg-Lübeck on 22 March 1925 and renamed Gau Mecklenburg on 31 March 1937 when Lübeck was transferred to Gau Schleswig-Holstein. It was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 i ...
. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Erich Hilgenfeldt
Georg Paul Erich Hilgenfeldt (born 2 July 1897 in Heinitz/ Ottweiler; likely died in April/May 1945 in Berlin) was a high Nazi Party government official.
Life
Early life and education
Hilgenfeldt was born on 2 July 1897 in Heinitz.Grill ''Nazi ...
– Head of the National Socialist People's Welfare
The National Socialist People's Welfare (german: Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt, NSV) was a social welfare organization during the Third Reich. The NSV was originally established in 1931 as a small Nazi Party-affiliated charity active loca ...
and an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was of the (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of th ...
– ''Reichsführer-SS
(, ) was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the (SS). ''Reichsführer-SS'' was a title from 1925 to 1933, and from 1934 to 1945 it was the highest rank of the SS. The longest-servi ...
''. As head of the SS, Chief of the German Police and later Reich Minister of the Interior, one of the most powerful men in the Third Reich. ''Reichsleiter'', Commander-in-Chief of the Replacement Army
The Replacement Army () was part of the Imperial German Army during World War I and part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. It was based within Germany proper and included command and administrative units as well as training and guard troops. It ...
and Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood
The Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood (german: Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums, RKF, RKFDV) was an office in Nazi Germany, which was held by ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler.
Adolf Hitler in ...
. Expelled from offices by Hitler in late April 1945.
* Hans Hinkel
Hans Hinkel (22 June 1901 – 8 February 1960) was a German journalist and ministerial official in Nazi Germany. He studied at the University of Bonn, where he was a member of the academic fencing fraternity ''Sugambria''. Hinkel had served in t ...
– Journalist; Commissioner at the Reich Ministry for the People's Enlightenment and Propaganda.
* August Hirt
August Hirt (28 April 1898 – 2 June 1945) was an anatomist with Swiss and German nationality who served as a chairman at the Reich University in Strasbourg during World War II. He performed experiments with mustard gas on inmates at the Natz ...
– Chairman at the Reich University in Strasbourg; instigated a plan to build a study-collection of specialized human anatomical specimens from over 100 murdered Jews. Allied discovery of corpses, paperwork and statements of laboratory assistants led to war crimes trial preparation, which he avoided through suicide.
* Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
– Politician; leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: ''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'', abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. Absolute dictator of Germany from 1934 to 1945, with titles of Chancellor from 1933 to 1945 and head of state (Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945.
* Franz Hofer
Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 – February 18, 1975) was, in the time of the Third Reich, the Nazism, Nazi Gauleiter of the state of Tyrol, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. As the Nazi party chief for the Tirol/Vorarlberg province he was the most pow ...
– ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg
The Reichsgau Tyrol-Vorarlberg (German: ''Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of Vorarlberg and North Tyrol (both in Austria). It existed from 1938 to 1945. It did not include East Tyrol (Lienz), ...
; ''Landeshauptmann'' of Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
; Supreme Commissioner of the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills. He was an advocate for creating an Alpine Fortress
The Alpine Fortress (german: Alpenfestung) or Alpine Redoubt was the World War II national redoubt planned by Heinrich Himmler in November and December 1943"Himmler started laying the plans for underground warfare in the last two months of 1943 ...
as a last stand redoubt for Nazi forces. He was an NSKK-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Albert Hoffmann – The ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Westphalia-South
The Gau Westphalia-South (German: ''Gau Westfalen-Süd'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany encompassing the Arnsberg Region in the southern part of the Prussian province of Westphalia between 1933 and 1945. From 1931 to 1933, it was ...
from 1943 to 1945, at the same time he was Deputy to Goebbels in his capacity as Reich Inspector for Civil Air Warfare Measures and an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Hermann Höfle
Hermann Julius Höfle, also Hans (or) Hermann Hoefle ((; 19 June 1911 – 21 August 1962), was an Austrians, Austrian-born SS commander and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. He was deputy to Odilo Globočnik in the ''Aktion Reinhard'' p ...
– Deputy to Odilo Globocnik
Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik (21 April 1904 – 31 May 1945) was an Austrian Nazi and a perpetrator of the Holocaust. He was an official of the Nazi Party and later a high-ranking leader of the SS. Globocnik had a leading role in Operation Re ...
in the Aktion Reinhard program. Played a key role in the "Harvest Festival" massacre of Jewish inmates of various labor camps in the Lublin district of Nazi-occupied Poland in early November 1943.
* Peter Högl
Peter Högl (19 August 1897 – 2 May 1945) was a German people, German officer holding the rank of SS-''Obersturmbannführer'' (lieutenant colonel) who was a member of one of Adolf Hitler's bodyguard units. He spent time in the ''Führerbunker'' ...
– A policeman in the '' Kriminalpolizei '', he became an SS-''Obersturmbannführer'' and Deputy to Johann Rattenhuber
Johann Rattenhuber (30 April 1897 – 30 June 1957), also known as Hans Rattenhuber, was a German police and SS general ('' Gruppenführer'', i. e. Generalleutnant). Rattenhuber was the head of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal '' Rei ...
in the ''Reichssicherheitsdienst
The ''Reichssicherheitsdienst'' (RSD, lit. "Reich security service") was an SS security force of Nazi Germany. Originally bodyguards for Adolf Hitler, it later provided men for the protection of other high-ranking leaders of the Nazi regime. Th ...
'' (Reich Security Service) that provided personal protection for Hitler and other Nazi leaders.
* Rudolf Höß – (not to be confused with Rudolf Hess) – SS-''Obersturmbannführer''; Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
.
* Adolf Hühnlein – ''Reichsleiter''; ''Korpsführer'' (Corps Leader) of the National Socialist Motor Corps
The National Socialist Motor Corps (german: Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps, NSKK) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that officially existed from May 1931 to 1945. The group was a successor organisation to the old ...
(NSKK) from 1934 until his death in 1942.
* Karl Holz – protégé of rabid antisemitic
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
journalist Julius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virul ...
, he was editor-in-chief at ''Der Stürmer
''Der Stürmer'' (, literally "The Stormer / Attacker / Striker") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of the Second World War by Julius Streicher, the ''Gauleiter'' of Franconia, with brief suspensions ...
'' and Deputy ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Franconia
Gau Franconia (German: ''Gau Franken'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Middle Franconia, Bavaria, from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1929 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. Originally fo ...
for many years, becoming ''Gauleiter'' in 1942. He was also an SA-''Gruppenführer''.
* Franz Josef Huber
Franz Josef Huber (22 January 1902 – 30 January 1975) was an SS functionary who was a police and security service official in both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Huber joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and worked closely with Gestapo chief ...
– former Munich political police department inspector with Heinrich Müller Heinrich Müller may refer to:
* Heinrich Müller (cyclist) (born 1926), Swiss cyclist
* Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1888) (1888–1957), Swiss football player and manager
* Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1909) (1909–2000), Austrian ...
; in 1938 appointed chief of the Security Police (SiPo
The ''Sicherheitspolizei'' ( en, Security Police), often abbreviated as SiPo, was a term used in Germany for security police. In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies. It was made up by the ...
) and Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
for Vienna and the "Lower Danube", and "Upper Danube" regions of Austria.
J
*Karl Jäger
Karl Jäger (; 20 September 1888 – 22 June 1959) was a German mid-ranking official in the '' SS'' of Nazi Germany and '' Einsatzkommando'' leader who perpetrated acts of genocide during the Holocaust.
Early life and career
Jäger was born in Sc ...
– SS officer; ''Einsatzkommando
During World War II, the Nazi German ' were a sub-group of the ' (mobile killing squads) – up to 3,000 men total – usually composed of 500–1,000 functionaries of the SS and Gestapo, whose mission was to exterminate Jews, Polish intellectu ...
'' leader; author of the "Jäger Report
The so-called Jäger Report, also Jaeger Report (full title: ''Complete tabulation of executions carried out in the Einsatzkommando 3 zone up to December 1, 1941'') was written on 1 December 1941 by Karl Jäger, commander of ''Einsatzkommando'' ...
" giving details of mass murders in Lithuania between July and December 1941.
* Friedrich Jeckeln
Friedrich Jeckeln (2 February 1895 – 3 February 1946) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He served as a Higher SS and Police Leader in the occupied Soviet Union during World War II. Jeckeln was the commander of one of the largest ...
– An SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and ''General der Polizei und Waffen-SS'', he was the Higher SS and Police Leader in Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
and, later, in Ostland
The Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was established by Nazi Germany in 1941 during World War II. It became the civilian occupation regime in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the western part of Byelorussian SSR. German planning documents ini ...
. He was in charge of one of the largest collection of ''Einsatzgruppen
(, ; also ' task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the im ...
'' and personally responsible for ordering the deaths of over 100,000 Jews, Slavs and Roma.
* Alfred Jodl
Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (; 10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German ''Generaloberst'' who served as the chief of the Operations Staff of the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' – the German Armed Forces High Command – throughout World ...
– ''Generaloberst''; Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, or OKW) during World War II, acting as deputy to Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Hanns Johst
Hanns Johst (8 July 1890 – 23 November 1978) was a German poet and playwright, directly aligned with Nazi philosophy, as a member of the officially approved writers’ organisations in the Third Reich. The statement “When I hear the word cult ...
– Playwright and Nazi Party poet laureate
A poet laureate (plural: poets laureate) is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ...
.
* Rudolf Jordan – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Halle-Merseburg (1931–1937) and Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt
The Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Formed in 1926 as Gau Anhalt-North Saxony Province by the merger of three smaller Gaue (Anhalt, Elbe-Havel and Magdeburg) it comprised the German state of A ...
(1937–1945); ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Brunswick and Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of
and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...
; Minister President of Anhalt; ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Magdeburg
The Province of Magdeburg (german: Provinz Magdeburg) was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Free State of Prussia within Nazi Germany from 1944 to 1945. The provincial capital was Magdeburg.
The province was created on 1 July 1944 out of ...
from 1944; and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Hugo Jury
Hugo Jury (13 July 1887 – 8 May 1945) was an Austrian Nazi. He held the offices of ''Gauleiter'' of ''Reichsgau Niederdonau'' and '' Reichsstatthalter'' (Reich Governor) for Lower Austria. He committed suicide at the end of the World War II.
...
– ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Lower Danube; Landeshauptmann of Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
; SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Hans Jüttner – SS-''Obergruppenführer
' (, "senior group leader") was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissio ...
''; head of the '' SS-Führungshauptamt'' (SS Leadership Main Office) or SS-FHA.
* Rudolf Jung
Rudolf Jung (16 April 1882 – 11 December 1945) was an instrumental figure and agitator in the German Bohemian Nazi movement, and later became a member of the Nazi Party.
Jung was born in Plasy in Bohemia and went to school in Jihlava, a town f ...
– An instrumental force and agitator of German-Czech National Socialism and, later on, a member of the German Nazi Party.
K
*Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 190316 October 1946) was a high-ranking Austrian SS official during the Nazi era and a major perpetrator of the Holocaust. After the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in 1942, and a brief period under Heinrich ...
– SS-''Obergruppenführer''; ''General der Polizei und Waffen-SS''. Chief of the RSHA
The Reich Security Main Office (german: Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as ''Chef der Deutschen Polizei'' (Chief of German Police) and ''Reichsführer-SS'', the head of the Nazi ...
(Reich Security Main Office), a main office of the SS, from January 1943 to Germany's surrender in May 1945. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Hans Kammler
Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 – 1945 ssumed was an SS-Obergruppenführer responsible for Nazi civil engineering projects and its top secret weapons programmes. He oversaw the construction of various Nazi concentration camps before being put ...
– SS-''Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS'', he was the SS Construction Projects and V-2
The V-2 (german: Vergeltungswaffe 2, lit=Retaliation Weapon 2), with the technical name ''Aggregat 4'' (A-4), was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was develope ...
program director.
* Siegfried Kasche
Siegfried Kasche (18 June 1903 – 7 June 1947) was an ambassador of the German Reich to the Independent State of Croatia and ''Obergruppenführer'' of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), a paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. Kasche was the proposed ru ...
– German Plenipotentiary Minister to the allied Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist It ...
.
* Emil Kaschub Emil Kaschub (3 April 1919 – 4 May 1977), also called Heinz Kaschub, was a German doctor who conducted experiments on Nazi concentration camp prisoners. On the instructions of the Wehrmacht, healthy prisoners were subjected to applications and in ...
– Physician who conducted experiments on Nazi concentration camp prisoners.
* Karl Kaufmann
Karl Kaufmann (10 October 1900 – 4 December 1969) was a German politician who served as a Nazi Party ''Gauleiter'' from 1925 to 1945 and as the ''Reichsstatthalter'' (Reich Governor) of Hamburg from 1933 to 1945.
Early life
Kaufmann was the ...
– Nazi Party founding member; ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Hamburg
The Gau Hamburg was an Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany, administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the German city of Hamburg. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area ...
; ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
; ''Reichskommissar for Overseas Shipping and an ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SS and the National Socialist Motor Corps
The National Socialist Motor Corps (german: Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps, NSKK) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that officially existed from May 1931 to 1945. The group was a successor organisation to the old ...
(NSKK).
* Wilhelm Keitel
Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (; 22 September 188216 October 1946) was a German field marshal and war criminal who held office as chief of the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' (OKW), the high command of Nazi Germany's Armed Forces, duri ...
– ''Generalfeldmarschall'' and head of the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' (High Command of the Armed Forces) during World War II. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Hanns Kerrl
Hanns Kerrl (11 December 1887 – 14 December 1941) was a German Nazi politician. His most prominent position, from July 1935, was that of Reichsminister of Church Affairs. He was also President of the Prussian Landtag (1932–1933) and head of ...
– Reich Minister of Church Affairs and First Deputy President of the ''Reichstag'' until his death in 1941.
* Dietrich Klagges
Dietrich Klagges () (1 February 1891 – 12 November 1971) was a Nazi Party politician and from 1933 to 1945 the appointed premier (''Ministerpräsident'') of the now abolished Free State of Brunswick. He also went by the pseudonym Rudolf Berg.c ...
– Minister President
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary system, parliamentary or semi-presidential system, semi-presidential system of government where ...
of the Free State of Brunswick
The Free State of Brunswick () was a state of the German Reich in the time of the Weimar Republic. It was formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick in the course of the German Revolution of 1918–19. Its capital was Braunschweig (Bru ...
between 1933 and 1945.
* Matthias Kleinheisterkamp
Matthias Kleinheisterkamp (22 June 1893 – 29 April 1945) was an SS-''Obergruppenführer'' during World War II. He commanded the SS Division Totenkopf, SS Division Nord, SS Division Das Reich, III SS Panzer Corps, VII SS Panzer Corps, IV S ...
– SS-''Obergruppenführer''; divisional leader of SS divisions ''Das Reich'' and ''Nord''.
* Hans Ulrich Klintzsch
Johann "Hans" Ulrich Klintzsch (4 November 1898 in Lübbenau – 17 August 1959 in Hamburg) was a naval lieutenant from the Erhardt Brigade who later served as '' Oberster SA-Führer'', the supreme commander of the '' Sturmabteilung'' (SA), from ...
– Second head of the SA, from 1921 to 1923.
* Helmut Knochen
Helmut Herbert Christian Heinrich Knochen (March 14, 1910 – April 4, 2003) was the senior commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) and Sicherheitsdienst in Paris during the Nazi occupation of France during World War II. He was se ...
– Senior commander of the ''Sicherheitspolizei
The ''Sicherheitspolizei'' ( en, Security Police), often abbreviated as SiPo, was a term used in Germany for security police. In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies. It was made up by the ...
'' (Security Police) in Paris in Nazi-occupied France.
* Erich Koch
Erich Koch (19 June 1896 – 12 November 1986) was a ''Gauleiter'' of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in East Prussia from 1 October 1928 until 1945. Between 1941 and 1945 he was Chief of Civil Administration (''Chef der Zivilverwaltung'') of Bezirk ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau East Prussia
Gau East Prussia (German: ''Ostpreußen'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany encompassing the province of East Prussia in the Free State of Prussia from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of t ...
from 1928 to 1945, ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of East Prussia
East Prussia ; german: Ostpreißen, label=Low Prussian; pl, Prusy Wschodnie; lt, Rytų Prūsija was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871 ...
from 1933 and ''Reichskomissar'' in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine
During World War II, (abbreviated as RKU) was the civilian occupation regime () of much of Nazi German-occupied Ukraine (which included adjacent areas of modern-day Belarus and pre-war Second Polish Republic). It was governed by the Reich Min ...
from 1941 to 1944, he was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Karl Otto Koch
Karl-Otto Koch (; 2 August 1897 – 5 April 1945) was a mid-ranking commander in the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) of Nazi Germany who was the first commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen. From September 1941 until ...
– Concentration camp commandant at Buchenwald
Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or su ...
from 1937 to 1941, and later at Lublin (Majdanek
Majdanek (or Lublin) was a Nazi concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It had seven gas chambers, two wooden gallows, a ...
).
* Max Koegel
Otto Max Koegel (16 October 1895 – 27 June 1946) was a Nazi officer who served as a commander at Lichtenburg, Ravensbrück, Majdanek and Flossenbürg concentration camps.
Life
Max Koegel was born on 16 October 1895 in Füssen, in the Kingdo ...
– SS-''Obersturmbannführer''. Concentration camp commandant at Majdanek
Majdanek (or Lublin) was a Nazi concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It had seven gas chambers, two wooden gallows, a ...
and Flossenbürg.
* Karl Koller – General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
and Chief of the ''Luftwaffe'' General Staff from November 1944 to May 1945.
* Paul Körner – State Secretary to the Prussian State Ministry and to the Four Year Plan
The Four Year Plan was a series of economic measures initiated by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany in 1936. Hitler placed Hermann Göring in charge of these measures, making him a Reich Plenipotentiary (Reichsbevollmächtigter) whose jurisdiction cut a ...
, Chairman of the Supervisory Board
In corporate governance, a governance board also known as council of delegates are chosen by the stockholders of a company to promote their interests through the governance of the company and to hire and fire the board of directors.
In civil s ...
of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring
Reichswerke Hermann Göring was an industrial conglomerate in Nazi Germany from 1937 until 1945. It was established to extract and process domestic iron ores from Salzgitter that were deemed uneconomical by the privately held steel mills. The sta ...
, a member of the Central Planning Board and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Günther Korten
Günther Korten (26 July 1898 – 22 July 1944) was a German Colonel General and Chief of the General Staff of the Luftwaffe in World War II. He died from injuries suffered in the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944.
Biography ...
– General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
and Chief of the ''Luftwaffe'' General Staff from August 1943 until killed in the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt on Hitler. Posthumously promoted to Generaloberst
A ("colonel general") was the second-highest general officer rank in the German ''Reichswehr'' and ''Wehrmacht'', the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, the East Germany, East German National People's Army and in their respective police services. ...
.
* Josef Kramer
Josef Kramer (10 November 1906 – 13 December 1945) was Hauptsturmführer and the Commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau (from 8 May 1944 to 25 November 1944) and of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (from December 1944 to its liberation on 15 Ap ...
– Concentration camp commandant at Bergen-Belsen
Bergen-Belsen , or Belsen, was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentrati ...
.
* Hans Krebs – General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
of the ''Wehrmacht''; last OKH
The (; abbreviated OKH) was the high command of the Army of Nazi Germany. It was founded in 1935 as part of Adolf Hitler's rearmament of Germany. OKH was ''de facto'' the most important unit within the German war planning until the defeat at ...
Chief of Staff from April to 2 May 1945 when he committed suicide in the Führerbunker
The ''Führerbunker'' () was an air raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases in 1936 and 1944. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters ( ...
.
* Bernhard Krüger – Leader of the VI F 4a Unit in the ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' responsible for, among other things, falsifying passports and documents.
* Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger (8 May 1894 – 10 May 1945) was a German war criminal and paramilitary commander acting as a high-ranking member of the SA and the SS. Between 1939 and 1943 he was the Higher SS and Police Leader in the General Govern ...
– ''Obergruppenführer'' in the SA and SS. The Higher SS and Police Leader in the General Government
The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
from 1939-1943, he was responsible for multiple acts of genocide.
* Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
Gustav Georg Friedrich Maria Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (born Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach; 7 August 1870 – 16 January 1950) was a German foreign service official who became chairman of the board of Friedrich Krupp AG, a heavy industry con ...
– Ran the Friedrich Krupp AG
The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Kr ...
heavy industry conglomerate from 1909 until 1941; Nazi party financier, Succeeded by his son Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach.
* Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach – member of ''Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft
The Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, or ''Circle of Friends of the Economy'' (which became known as "Freundeskreis Reichsführer SS", "Freundeskreis Himmler" or " Keppler Circle") was a group of German industrialists whose aim was to strengthen the t ...
''; Colonel, NSDAP Flying Corps; ran the Friedrich Kiesow AG heavy industry conglomerate from 1943 to 1945, and subsequently from 1951 to 1967.
* Wilhelm Kube
Wilhelm Kube (13 November 1887 – 22 September 1943) was a Nazi official and German politician. He was an important figure in the German Christian movement during the early years of Nazi rule. During the war he became a senior official in the o ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Ostmark (1928–1933) and Kurmark (1933–1936), he was also ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian provinces of Brandenburg
Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a states of Germany, state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an ar ...
and Posen-West Prussia
The Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (german: Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen, pl, Marchia Graniczna Poznańsko-Zachodniopruska) was a province of Prussia from 1922 to 1938. Posen-West Prussia was established in 1922 as a province of the Free ...
from 1933 to 1936. He was the ''Generalkommissar'' for ''Weißruthenien'' (White Ruthenia) in the ''Reichskommissariat Ostland
The Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was established by Nazi Germany in 1941 during World War II. It became the civilian occupation regime in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the western part of Byelorussian SSR. German planning documents initia ...
'' from 1941 until assassinated by partisans in 1943. He was an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Franz Kutschera
Franz Kutschera (22 February 1904 – 1 February 1944) was an Austrian Nazi Party politician and '' SS-Brigadeführer''. He was a member of the '' Großdeutscher Reichstag'' and served as the Acting ''Gauleiter'' of Carinthia from 1939 to 19 ...
– ''Gauleiter'' of Reichsgau Carinthia
A (plural ) was an administrative subdivision created in a number of areas annexed by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1945.
Overview
The term was formed from the words (realm, empire) and , the latter a deliberately medieval-sounding word wi ...
(1939–1941); an ''SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei'', he was an SS and police leader in the General Government
The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
until he was assassinated in 1944.
L
* Hans Lammers – Head of the Reich Chancellery and Reich Minister without portfolio. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''. * Herbert Lange – SS-''Sturmbannführer''; Chełmno extermination camp commandant, implicated in thousands of gassings there; supervised the execution of 1,558 mental patients at Soldau concentration camp. * Hartmann Lauterbacher – As ''Stabsführer'' of theHitler Youth
The Hitler Youth (german: Hitlerjugend , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. ...
from 1934 to 1940, he was deputy to Baldur von Schirach. ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick (1940–1945) and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Hannover from 1941, he was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Robert Ley – ''Reichsleiter'' and Head of the German Labor Front from 1933 to 1945.
* Arthur Liebehenschel – Commandant of Auschwitz
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
and Majdanek
Majdanek (or Lublin) was a Nazi concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It had seven gas chambers, two wooden gallows, a ...
death camps during World War II.
* Julius Lippert (politician), Julius Lippert – Nazi activist and propaganda official who supervised the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany.
* Karl-Siegmund Litzmann – Head of the National Socialist Equestrian Corps and an SA-''Obergruppenführer'', he was the ''Generalkommissar'' of German occupation of Estonia during World War II, occupied Estonia from 1941 to 1944.
* Wilhelm Loeper – ''Gauleiter'' in Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt
The Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Formed in 1926 as Gau Anhalt-North Saxony Province by the merger of three smaller Gaue (Anhalt, Elbe-Havel and Magdeburg) it comprised the German state of A ...
, ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Brunswick and Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of
and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...
until his death in 1935. He was an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Hinrich Lohse – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Schleswig-Holstein and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein; ''Reichskommissar
(, rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.
Germa ...
'' for the ''Reichskommissariat Ostland, Ostland''. He was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Werner Lorenz – Waffen-SS general; leader of the ''Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle'', an organization charged with settling ethnic Germans in the Reich from other parts of Europe.
* Hanns Ludin – Diplomat; ambassador to Slovakia.
* Martin Luther (diplomat), Martin Luther – advisor to Reich Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop; participant in the Wannsee Conference.
* Viktor Lutze – SA officer; participant in the Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
; succeeded Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (; 28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally ...
as ''Stabschef
''Stabschef'' (, "Chief of Staff") was an office and paramilitary rank in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank is e ...
'' of the SA and ''Reichsleiter''. He was ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Hannover from 1933 to 1941 and died in a car crash in 1943.
M
* Willy Marschler – One of the first two Nazis to hold ministerial office in a German State (1930–31).Minister President
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary system, parliamentary or semi-presidential system, semi-presidential system of government where ...
of Thuringia (1933–1945). He was also an SA-Obergruppenführer.
* Emil Maurice – Personal friend of Hitler, first head of the SA and one of the founding members of the SS. But referred to in 1960 paperback ''Eichmann: the Man and His Crimes'' as Hitler's chauffeur, speculating whether Hitler knew he was a French Jew.
* Otto Meissner – Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...
; Head of the Presidential Chancellery under Hitler (and Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg, the last President of Germany (1919–1945), Reich Presidents of the Weimar Republic).
* Josef Mengele – SS-''Hauptsturmführer''; physician at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, who conducted medical experiments on inmates; especially children.
* Christian Mergenthaler – Minister President and Minister of Culture of Free People's State of Württemberg, Württemberg (1933–1945). He was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
*Willy Messerschmitt – Aeronautical engineer; head of the ''Messerschmitt, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke'' (BFW, later Messerschmitt AG); designer of several famous aircraft including the Bf.109.
* Alfred Meyer – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Westphalia-North; ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Free State of Lippe, Lippe and Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe, Schaumburg Lippe; ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Westphalia from 1938; Deputy Reich Minister in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (1941–1945), he represented the Ministry at the Wannsee Conference. He was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Kurt Meyer (Panzermeyer), Kurt Meyer – SS-''Brigadeführer''; ''Generalmajor der Waffen-SS''; commanded 1st SS Reconnaissance Battalion (LSSAH); later commanded 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend.
* Karl Freiherr Michel von Tüßling – SS-''Sturmbannführer'' in Hitler's Chancellery; adjutant of Philipp Bouhler; staff officer, ''Reichsführer-SS'' and SS Main Office.
* Erhard Milch – A ''Generalfeldmarschall'' of the ''Luftwaffe'', he was State Secretary of the Reich Aviation Ministry from its inception in 1933, Inspector-General of the ''Luftwaffe'' from 1939 and its Chief of Procurement, Armaments & Supply from 1941.
* Leopold von Mildenstein – Pro-Zionism expert in the headquarters of the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD) under Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.
He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...
until 1936, when the planned mass immigration of Jews to Palestine (region), Palestine fell out of favor; convinced Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''
''
Führerbunker
The ''Führerbunker'' () was an air raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases in 1936 and 1944. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters ( ...
'' and ''Reichstag building, Reichstag''.
* Robert Mohr – Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
interrogation specialist; headed special commission responsible for search and arrest of White Rose, part of the anti-Nazi German resistance to Nazism, German Resistance.
* Hermann Muhs – State Secretary in the Ministry of Church Affairs.
* Heinrich Müller Heinrich Müller may refer to:
* Heinrich Müller (cyclist) (born 1926), Swiss cyclist
* Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1888) (1888–1957), Swiss football player and manager
* Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1909) (1909–2000), Austrian ...
– SS-''Gruppenführer''; ''Generalleutnant der Polizei''; headed Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
(Secret State Police) under Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.
He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...
the SiPo and later RSHA chief.
* Ludwig Müller – Appointed “Reich Bishop” he was the leader of the German Christians (movement), German Christians and sought to unify all 28 Protestant regional churches into a unified “Reich Church” under authoritarian and anti-Semitic Nazi principles.
* Eugen Munder – Early party organizer in Stuttgart; ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern from 1925 to 1928.
* Wilhelm Murr – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Free People's State of Württemberg, Württemberg, he was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Martin Mutschmann – He was ''Gauleiter'', ''Reichsstatthalter'' and Minister President of Gau Saxony. Also an SA-''Obergruppenführer'', he was executed in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
in 1947.
N
* Alfred Naujocks – An SS-''Sturmbannführer'', he led Gleiwitz incident, the attack on Gleiwitz radio station starting World War II on 1 September 1939. * Werner Naumann – Private Secretary toJoseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels (; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician who was the ''Gauleiter'' (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 19 ...
, he was made State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Propaganda
The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (; RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (), controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany.
The ministry ...
and was named Goebbels’ successor as Reich Minister of Propaganda in Hitler’s will.
* Arthur Nebe – SS-''Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei''; Berlin Police Commissioner in the 1920s; early member of both ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS); Interpol President from June 1942 to 1943; appointed head of ''Kriminalpolizei'' (Criminal Police) or Kripo under Heydrich. Executed in 1945 for alleged involvement in the 20 July Plot
On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. The ...
.
* Konstantin von Neurath – Foreign Minister of Germany (1932–1938) and ''Reichsprotektor'' (Governor) of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; cs, Protektorát Čechy a Morava; its territory was called by the Nazis ("the rest of Czechia"). was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German oc ...
(1939–1943). He was also President of the Secret Cabinet Council and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Hans Nieland – First Leader of the Nazi Party/Foreign Organization
The Nazi Party/Foreign Organization was a branch of the Nazi Party and the 43rd and only non-territorial ("region") of the Party. In German, the organization is referred to as NSDAP/AO, "AO" being the abbreviation of the German compound word ...
; Police President (1933), Treasurer and Senator (1933–1938) in Hamburg; ''Oberbürgermeister'' of Dresden (1940–1945) and an SS-''Brigadeführer
''Brigadeführer'' (, ) was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between the years of 1932 to 1945. It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as ''Untergruppenf ...
''.
O
* Herta Oberheuser – Ravensbrück concentration camp physician from 1940 to 1943; the only female defendant in the Doctors' Trial, Nuremberg Medical Trial. * Otto Ohlendorf – An SS-''Gruppenführer'', he headed Sicherheitsdienst#SD, domestic branch, SD, domestic branch, the RSHA department responsible for intelligence and security within Nazi Germany. He also led Einsatzgruppe D and was executed for war crimes. * Wilhelm Ohnesorge – State Secretary from 1933 and Reich Minister (1937–1945) in the Reich Postal Ministry. He was an ''Obergruppenführer'' in the National Socialist Motor Korps (NSKK).P
* Franz von Papen – A prominent politician and intriguer in the Weimar Republic, he engineered Hitler's appointment as Chancellor with himself as Vice Chancellor. Outmaneuvered by Hitler, he was ousted in 1934 but continued to serve the Third Reich as Ambassador to Austria (1934–1938) and Turkey (1939–1944). He was acquitted of war crimes by the Nuremberg Tribunal. * Joachim Peiper – SS-''Obersturmbannführer''. He served asHeinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was of the (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of th ...
’s adjutant and, as a member of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
The 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler or SS Division Leibstandarte, abbreviated as LSSAH, (german: 1. SS-Panzerdivision "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler") began as Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard unit, responsible for guarding ...
, in combat commands on both the Eastern and Western fronts. He was convicted of war crimes committed in the Malmedy massacre.
* Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, Phillip of Hesse – A grandson of German Emperor Frederick III, German Emperor, Frederick III, he joined the Nazi Party, was an SA-''Obergruppenführer'' and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1944. Married to the daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, he was suspected of complicity in the overthrow of Benito Mussolini, removed from office, arrested and put in a concentration camp.
* Artur Phleps – SS-''Obergruppenführer''; saw action with 5. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Wiking; later commanded 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division Prinz Eugen and the V SS Mountain Corps; killed in September 1944.
* Paul Pleiger – State adviser; corporate general director.
* Oswald Pohl – An SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and Head of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office that organized and administered the concentration camps, he was tried by the Pohl Trial, Nuremberg Military Tribunal and hanged for crimes against humanity.
* Franz Pfeffer von Salomon – Supreme SA Leader from its re-founding in 1925 until removed in 1930 when Hitler personally assumed the title.
* Erich Priebke – An SS-''Hauptsturmführer'' in the Sicherheitspolizei, Security Police, he participated in the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on 24 March 1944.
* Hans-Adolf Prützmann – An SS-''Obergruppenführer'', he was the Higher SS and Police Leader in Northern Russia and, later, Supreme SS and Police Leader in Ukraine.
R
* Erich Raeder – ''Großadmiral
Grand admiral is a historic naval rank, the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as . A comparable rank in modern navies is that of admiral of the fleet.
Grand admirals in individual n ...
'', Commander-in-Chief of the ''Reichsmarine'' (1928–1935) and the ''Kriegsmarine
The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the a ...
'' (1935–1943).
* Rudolf Rahn – A diplomat, he was the General Plenipotentiary
A ''plenipotentiary'' (from the Latin ''plenus'' "full" and ''potens'' "powerful") is a diplomat who has full powers—authorization to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of his or her sovereign. When used as a noun more generally, the word ...
to the Italian Social Republic, Italian puppet state from September 1943 to April 1945. Considered for prosecution in the Ministries Trial, he was eventually exonerated.
* Friedrich Rainer – Austrian Nazi politician, ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Salzburg and later Reichsgau Carinthia
A (plural ) was an administrative subdivision created in a number of areas annexed by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1945.
Overview
The term was formed from the words (realm, empire) and , the latter a deliberately medieval-sounding word wi ...
. He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Sigmund Rascher – SS doctor who carried out experiments on inmates at Dachau concentration camp.
* Johann Rattenhuber
Johann Rattenhuber (30 April 1897 – 30 June 1957), also known as Hans Rattenhuber, was a German police and SS general ('' Gruppenführer'', i. e. Generalleutnant). Rattenhuber was the head of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal '' Rei ...
– A policeman and SS-''Gruppenführer'', he headed the '' Reichssicherheitsdienst
The ''Reichssicherheitsdienst'' (RSD, lit. "Reich security service") was an SS security force of Nazi Germany. Originally bodyguards for Adolf Hitler, it later provided men for the protection of other high-ranking leaders of the Nazi regime. Th ...
'' (Reich Security Service) that provided personal protection for Hitler and other Nazi leaders.
* Walter Rauff – SS-''Standartenführer'' and aide to Reinhard Heydrich. He escaped captivity at the end of the war, subsequently working for the Syrian Intelligence.
* Hermann Rauschning – A Nazi leader in the Free City of Danzig.
* Walter Reder – SS-''Sturmbannführer'' convicted of war crimes in Italy.
* Wilhelm Rediess – Commanding General of SS forces in occupied Norway from 1940 to 1945.
* Walter von Reichenau – ''Generalfeldmarschall'' and committed Nazi; he joined the Party in 1932 in violation of regulations and was one of the few ardent National Socialists among the Army's senior officers.
* Hans-Joachim Riecke – Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...
of the State of Free State of Lippe, Lippe (1933–1936). He was a department head and, from 1942, State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture and was an architect of the Hunger Plan
The Hunger Plan (german: der Hungerplan; der Backe-Plan) was a partially implemented plan developed by Nazi bureaucrats during World War II to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians. The plan entailed the gen ...
. He was also an SS-''Gruppenführer''.
* Fritz Reinhardt – Head of the Nazi Party training School for Orators. An economics and tax specialist, he became State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Finance 1933 to 1945 and was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Adrian von Renteln – An early leader of the Hitler Youth
The Hitler Youth (german: Hitlerjugend , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. ...
and the National Socialist Schoolchildren's League, he became ''Generalkommissar'' of German occupation of Lithuania during World War II, occupied Lithuania from 1941 to 1944 and was hanged by the Soviets for war crimes.
* Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (; 30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945.
Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's not ...
– Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945 and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Leni Riefenstahl – German photographer, actress and film director who, in close collaboration with the Nazi Party, produced major films of Nazi propaganda, including Triumph of the Will and Olympia (1938 film), Olympia.
* Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (; 28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally ...
– A co-founder of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (Storm Battalion) or SA, the Nazi Party militia. Later the SA-''Stabschef
''Stabschef'' (, "Chief of Staff") was an office and paramilitary rank in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank is e ...
'', a ''Reichleiter'' and Reich Minister without portfolio. In 1934, as part of the Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
, he was executed on Hitler's orders as a potential rival.
* Alfred Rosenberg – An early Party member and Nazi philosopher, he was Editor-in-Chief of the ''Völkischer Beobachter
The ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (; "'' Völkisch'' Observer") was the newspaper of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 25 December 1920. It first appeared weekly, then daily from 8 February 1923. For twenty-four years it formed part of the official pub ...
'' from 1923 to 1938, head of the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs, ''Reichsleiter'', head of Amt Rosenberg and Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Erwin Rösener – SS-''Obergruppenführer'', Higher SS and Police Leader, Commander SS Upper Division Alpenland (1941–1945).
* Karl Röver – He was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Weser-Ems and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of both Free State of Oldenburg, Oldenburg and Free City of Bremen, Bremen until his death in 1942. He was also an ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SA and the NSKK.
* Ernst Rudin – Psychiatrist and eugenicist. His work directly influenced the racial policy of Nazi Germany.
* Bernhard Rust – Reich Minister of Science, Education and National Culture from 1934 to 1945 and ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick (1928–1940). He was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
S
* Fritz Sauckel – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Thuringia, ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Thuringia, GeneralPlenipotentiary
A ''plenipotentiary'' (from the Latin ''plenus'' "full" and ''potens'' "powerful") is a diplomat who has full powers—authorization to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of his or her sovereign. When used as a noun more generally, the word ...
for Labour Deployment (1942–45) and an ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SA and the SS. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Karl-Otto Saur – Head of the Technical Department in the Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, he was Chief of Staff to both the Jägerstab, Fighter Staff and the Rüstungsstab, Armaments Staff from 1944. He was named ''Reichsminister'' of Munitions in Hitler’s will in place of Albert Speer
Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he ...
.
* Hjalmar Schacht – An economist, banker and politician, who served as the Currency Commissioner and President of the ''Reichsbank
The ''Reichsbank'' (; 'Bank of the Reich, Bank of the Realm') was the central bank of the German Reich from 1876 until 1945.
History until 1933
The Reichsbank was founded on 1 January 1876, shortly after the establishment of the German Empi ...
'' under the Weimar Republic. A fierce critic of post-World War I reparation obligations, he became a supporter of Hitler and served as President of the ''Reichsbank'' and Reich Minister of Economics. He played a key role in restoring the German economy but since he opposed the policy of German re-armament, Schacht was first sidelined and then forced out beginning in December 1937. Schacht became a fringe member of the German Resistance and was imprisoned after the 20 July plot in 1944. He was tried at Nuremberg and acquitted.
* Paul Schäfer – Hitler Youth member and Wehrmacht corporal, subsequently convicted for multiple charges of child sex abuse in Chile.
* Gustav Adolf Scheel – ''Reichsstatthalter'' and ''Gauleiter'' of Reichsgau Salzburg (1941–1945) and a Nazi "multifunctionary." As the ''Reichsstudentenführer'', he headed the National Socialist German Students' League and the German Student Union. He was also a Higher SS and Police Leader and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Walther Schellenberg – SS-''Brigadeführer'' who rose through the SS as Heydrich's deputy. In March 1942, he became Chief of Department VI, SD-foreign branch, which, by then, was a department of the RSHA. Later, following the abolition of the Abwehr in 1944, he became head of all foreign intelligence.
* Hans Schemm – A ''Gauleiter'' in Bavaria from 1928 and Head of the National Socialist Teachers League. Died in a plane crash in 1935.
* Wilhelm Schepmann – SA-''Obergruppenführer'', and SA-''Stabschef
''Stabschef'' (, "Chief of Staff") was an office and paramilitary rank in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank is e ...
'' from 1943 to 1945.
* Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, Max Scheubner-Richter – most senior Nazi killed during the Beer Hall Putsch, ideologue and mentor to Alfred Rosenberg.
* Baldur von Schirach – ''Reichsleiter'' for Youth Education, leader of the Hitler Youth
The Hitler Youth (german: Hitlerjugend , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. ...
(1931–40) and ''Gauleiter'' & ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Vienna (1940–45). He was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Franz Schlegelberger – Jurist and State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Justice (1931–1941) he became Acting Reich Minister of Justice (1941–1942).
* Fritz Schlessmann – Police President, Deputy ''Gauleiter'' and Acting ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Essen. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Carl Schmitt – Philosopher, jurist, and political theorist.
* Kurt Schmitt – Economic leader and Reich Economomics Minister (1933–1934).
* Paul Schmitthenner – Architect and city planner.
* Gertrud Scholtz-Klink – Leader of the National Socialist Women's League (1934–1945).
* :de:Wilhelm Freiherr von Schorlemer, Wilhelm Freiherr von Schorlemer – SA-''Obergruppenführer''. Member of the constituency of the National Socialist ''Reichstag''. Leader of SA Group "Danube". (1938-1945).
* Ferdinand Schörner – A ''Generalfeldmarschall'', he was a committed Nazi loyalist known for brutality and harsh discipline. A holder of the Golden Party Badge, he was appointed the last Commander-in-Chief of the German Army in Hitler’s will.
* Julius Schreck – Co-founder of the SA and ''Stoßtrupp-Hitler
Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler ("Shock Troop-Hitler") was a small, short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heid ...
''. The first commander of the SS from April 1925 to April 1926. Later Hitler's personal chauffeur.
* Franz Xaver Schwarz – ''Reichsleiter'', National Treasurer of the NSDAP 1925–1945 and head of the ''Reichszeugmeisterei'' or National Material Control Office. Promoted to SS-'' Oberstgruppenführer'' in 1944.
* Heinrich Schwarz – Commandant of Auschwitz III-Monowitz concentration camp from 1943 to 1945.
* Franz Schwede – The first Nazi elected as ''Bürgermeister
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally "master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, master of the citizens") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief m ...
'' of a German City (Coburg) he was later ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Pomerania, ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Pomerania (1815–1945), Province of Pomerania and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk – Reich Minister of Finance (1932–1945) and "Leading Minister" of the last cabinet of the Third Reich under President of Germany (1919–1945), Reich President ''Großadmiral'' Karl Dönitz.
* Siegfried Seidl – Commandant of the Theresienstadt (1941–1943) and Bergen-Belsen (1943–1944) concentration camps.
* Franz Seldte – Leader of Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten, Der Stahlhelm under the Weimar Republic, he was Reich Minister for Labour from 1933 to 1945.
* Arthur Seyss-Inquart – Austrian Nazi; upon being appointed Chancellor in 1938 he invited in German troops resulting in Austria's annexation. Later Deputy to Hans Frank
Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and lawyer who served as head of the General Government in Nazi-occupied Poland during the Second World War.
Frank was an early member of the German Workers' Party ...
in the General Government
The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
of occupied Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
(1939–40), and ''Reichskommissar'' of the Reichskommissariat Niederlande, Netherlands (1940–44). He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''. Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Ludwig Siebert – Minister President and Minister of Finance in Bavaria until his death in 1942, he was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Gustav Simon – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Moselland from 1931 and Chief of Civil Administration in Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg, Luxembourg from 1940 to 1944. He was an NSKK-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Franz Six – Chief of Amt VII, Written Records of the ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt
The Reich Security Main Office (german: Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as ''Chef der Deutschen Polizei'' (Chief of German Police) and ''Reichsführer-SS'', the head of the Nazi ...
'' (RSHA) which dealt with ideological tasks. These included the creation of anti-semitic, anti-masonic propaganda, the sounding of public opinion and monitoring of Nazi indoctrination by the public.
* Otto Skorzeny – An SS-''Obersturmbannführer'', he headed many commando operations including the rescue from captivity of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
* Albert Speer
Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he ...
– Architect for Nazis' offices and residences, Party rallies and State buildings (1932–42). In 1942 he succeeded Fritz Todt
Fritz Todt (; 4 September 1891 – 8 February 1942) was a German construction engineer and senior Nazi who rose from the position of Inspector General for German Roadways, in which he directed the construction of the German autobahns (''Reichsa ...
as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Head of the Organisation Todt, Inspector General for German Roadways and Inspector General for Water and Energy.
* Jakob Sprenger – The ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Hesse-Nassau as well as ''Reichsstatthalter'' and Minister President of People's State of Hesse, Hesse and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Nassau from 1944, he was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Franz Stangl – Commandant of the Sobibor (1942) and Treblinka (1942–1943) extermination camps.
* Johannes Stark – German physicist and Physics Nobel Prize laureate who was closely involved with the ''Deutsche Physik'' movement under the Nazi regime.
* Otto Steinbrinck – Industrialist and bureaucrat.
* Felix Steiner – SS-''Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS''. He was chosen by Himmler to oversee the creation of, and command the volunteer Waffen-SS Division, 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking.
* Walter Stennes – the Berlin commandant of the'' Sturmabteilung'' (SA), who in the summer of 1930 and again in the spring of 1931 led a revolt against the NSDAP in Berlin as these SA members saw their organization as a revolutionary group, the vanguard of a socialist order that would overthrow the hated Republic. Both revolts were put down and Stennes was expelled from the Nazi Party. He left Germany in 1933 and worked as a military adviser to Chiang Kai-shek.
* Willi Stöhr – From late 1944, he was ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Gau Westmark
The Gau Westmark (English: ''Western March'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. From 1925 to 1933, it was a regional subdivision of the Nazi Party.
History
The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was established at a part ...
. In addition, he was the Chief of Civil Administration
Chief of Civil Administration (german: 'Chef der Zivilverwaltung, CdZ') was an office introduced in Nazi Germany, operational during World War II. Its task was to administer civil issues according to occupation law, with the primary purpose being t ...
in occupied Lorraine
Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gr ...
.
* Gregor Strasser – early prominent German Nazi Party, Nazi official and politician. Murdered during the Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
in 1934.
* Otto Strasser – early prominent German Nazi Party, Nazi official and politician. Otto Strasser, together with his brother Gregor Strasser, was a leading member of the party's Strasserism, left-wing faction, and broke from the party due to disputes with the dominant "Adolf Hitler, Hitlerite" faction.
* Julius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virul ...
– founder and publisher of anti-semitic Nazi newspaper ''Der Stürmer
''Der Stürmer'' (, literally "The Stormer / Attacker / Striker") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of the Second World War by Julius Streicher, the ''Gauleiter'' of Franconia, with brief suspensions ...
'' (1923–1945), ''Gauleiter'' of Franconia (1929–40). Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
* Karl Strölin – Lord Mayor of Stuttgart (1933–1945) and Chairman of the ''Deutsches Ausland-Institut'' (DAI).
* Jürgen Stroop – SS-''Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS und Polizei''. Stroop's most prominent role was the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, an action which cost the lives of over 50,000 people.
* Wilhelm Stuckart – Jurist, State Secretary in the Interior Ministry and attendee at the Wannsee Conference. He was also an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Otto von Stülpnagel – General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
and Military Commander of occupied France from 1940 to 1942.
* Emil Stürtz – He was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau March of Brandenburg and ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg (1936–1945). He was also ''Oberpräsident'' of Posen-West Prussia
The Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (german: Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen, pl, Marchia Graniczna Poznańsko-Zachodniopruska) was a province of Prussia from 1922 to 1938. Posen-West Prussia was established in 1922 as a province of the Free ...
from 1936 to its dissolution in 1938, and was an ''Obergruppenführer'' in the National Socialist Motor Corps.
* Friedrich Syrup – Jurist and politician, who served as Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Reich Minister for Labour from 1932 to 1933.
T
* Otto Telschow – An administrative police official, he was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Eastern Hanover from 1925 to 1945. * Josef Terboven – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Essen from 1928, ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Rhine Province from 1935 and ''Reichskommissar'' of Reichskommissariat Norwegen, occupied Norway from 1940, he was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''. * Otto Georg Thierack – Jurist, Minister of Justice in Saxony, President of the National Socialist Association of Legal Professionals, President of the People's Court (Germany), People's Court (1936–1942) President of theAcademy for German Law
The Academy for German Law (german: Akademie für deutsches Recht) was an institute for legal research and reform founded on 26 June 1933 in Nazi Germany. After suspending its operations during the Second World War in August 1944, it was abolished ...
(1942–1945) and Reich Minister of Justice from 1942 to 1945. He was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Fritz Todt
Fritz Todt (; 4 September 1891 – 8 February 1942) was a German construction engineer and senior Nazi who rose from the position of Inspector General for German Roadways, in which he directed the construction of the German autobahns (''Reichsa ...
– civil engineer, Director of the Head Office for Engineering, Inspector General for German Roadways, General Commissioner for the Regulation of the Construction Industry, Inspector General for Water and Energy and founder and head of Organisation Todt. Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions from 1940, he died in a plane crash in February 1942. He was also a ''Luftwaffe'' ''Generalmajor'', an SA-''Obergruppenführer'' and (posthumously) the first recipient of the German Order (decoration), German Order.
* Hans von Tschammer und Osten – Commissioner for Gym and Sports of the Reich from 1933 to 1943.
U
* Siegfried Uiberreither – An Austrian Nazi, he was ''Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Reichsgau Styria and ''Landeshauptmann'' of Styria. He was also Chief of Civil Administration in Lower Styria and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''. * – An SA-''Obergruppenführer'' and Inspector General of the SA, he was ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Saxony from 1933 to 1944.V
*Karl Leopold von Möller Order of Leopold (Austria), AOL Oberst, O - Author and Gauleiter'' of the Banat.W
*Fritz Wächtler – ''Gauleiter'' of the eastern Bavarian administrative region of Gau Bayreuth. He was an ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SA and the SS. *Otto Wächter – Austrian lawyer and high-ranking member of the SS. He was appointed to government positions in Poland and Italy. In 1940 68,000Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
s were expelled from Krakow, Poland and in 1941 the Kraków Ghetto was created for the remaining 15,000 Jews by his decrees.
* Otto Wagener – Soldier and economist. Was successively ''Stabschef
''Stabschef'' (, "Chief of Staff") was an office and paramilitary rank in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank is e ...
'' of the SA, head of the Party Economic Policy Section, and briefly, Reich Commissar for the Economy. Subsequently he resumed his army career, reaching the rank of ''Generalmajor''.
* Adolf Wagner – A participant in the Beer Hall Putsch, he was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria
The Gau Munich–Upper Bavaria (German: ''Gau München–Oberbayern'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Upper Bavaria from 1933 to 1945. From 1930 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
H ...
as well as Deputy Minister President and Interior Minister of Bavaria. He was an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Gerhard Wagner (Nazi physician), Gerhard Wagner – Reich Health Leader (''Reichsärzteführer'') from 1934 to 1939.
* Josef Wagner (Gauleiter), Josef Wagner – ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Westphalia-South
The Gau Westphalia-South (German: ''Gau Westfalen-Süd'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany encompassing the Arnsberg Region in the southern part of the Prussian province of Westphalia between 1933 and 1945. From 1931 to 1933, it was ...
from 1931 and also of Gau Silesia
The Gau Silesia (German: ''Gau Schlesien'') formed on 15 March 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1941 in the Prussian Province of Silesia. From 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party for this ...
from 1934. ''Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian provinces of both Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located ...
and Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ( pl, Dolny Śląsk; cz, Dolní Slezsko; german: Niederschlesien; szl, Dolny Ślōnsk; hsb, Delnja Šleska; dsb, Dolna Šlazyńska; Silesian German: ''Niederschläsing''; la, Silesia Inferior) is the northwestern part of the ...
from 1934 and, after their union, the Province of Silesia (1938–1941). He was also an ''Obergruppenführer'' of both the SA and NSKK. Relieved of his posts in November 1941 and expelled from the Nazi Party in October 1942, he was executed by the Gestapo in 1945.
* Robert Heinrich Wagner – A participant in the Beer Hall Putsch, he was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Baden from 1925 and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Republic of Baden, Baden. He was also Chief of Civil Administration for occupied Alsace from 1940 to 1944 and an NSKK-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Karl Wahl – An early Party member, he was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Swabia and an SS-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Paul Wegener (Gauleiter), Paul Wegener – A regional administrator in Reichskommissariat Norwegen, occupied Norway from 1940 to 1942, he succeeded Karl Röver as ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Weser-Ems and ''Reichsstatthalter'' of both Free State of Oldenburg, Oldenburg and Free City of Bremen, Bremen from 1942 to 1945. He was an SS-''Obergruppenführer''. President Karl Dönitz
Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz; ; 16 September 1891 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as head of state in May 1945, holding the position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government follo ...
named him a State Secretary as staff chief of the civilian cabinet in May 1945.
* Karl Weinrich – He was ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Electoral Hesse from 1928 to 1943 and an ''Obergruppenführer'' in the National Socialist Motor Corp (NSKK).
* Ernst von Weizsäcker – A career diplomat, he was State Secretary in the Foreign Office from 1938 to 1943 and Ambassador to the Holy See from 1943 to 1945. An SS-''Brigadeführer'', he was convicted of war crimes in the Ministries Trial.
* Wilhelm Weiß – Editor-in-Chief of the Nazi Party's official newspaper, the ''Völkischer Beobachter
The ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (; "'' Völkisch'' Observer") was the newspaper of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 25 December 1920. It first appeared weekly, then daily from 8 February 1923. For twenty-four years it formed part of the official pub ...
'', from 1938 to 1945, President of the Reich Press Association and an SA-''Obergruppenführer''.
* Horst Wessel – ''Sturmführer'' in the Berlin SA and author of the ''Horst-Wessel-Lied ("Die Fahne Hoch")'', the Party anthem. Elevated to martyr status by Nazi propaganda after his 1930 murder– by Communists or by a rival pimp, according to their opponents.
* Max Winkler – Reich Commissioner for the German Film Industry.
* Christian Wirth – SS-''Obersturmführer''. He was a senior German police and SS officer during the program to exterminate the Jewish people of occupied Poland during World War II, known as "Operation Reinhard". Wirth was a top aide of Odilo Globocnik
Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik (21 April 1904 – 31 May 1945) was an Austrian Nazi and a perpetrator of the Holocaust. He was an official of the Nazi Party and later a high-ranking leader of the SS. Globocnik had a leading role in Operation Re ...
, the overall director of "Operation Reinhard
or ''Einsatz Reinhard''
, location = Occupied Poland
, date = October 1941 – November 1943
, incident_type = Mass deportations to extermination camps
, perpetrators = Odilo Globočnik, Hermann Höfle, Richard Thomalla, Erwin L ...
" (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard).
* Hermann Wirth – Dutch-German historian and scholar of ancient religions and symbols. He co-founded the SS-organization ''Ahnenerbe'', but was later pushed out by Heinrich Himmler.
* Eduard Wirths – Chief camp physician at Auschwitz concentration camp from 1942 to 1945.
* Karl Wolff – SS-''Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS''. He became Chief of Personal Staff to the ''Reichsführer-SS'' (Heinrich Himmler) and SS Liaison Officer to Hitler until his replacement in 1943. From 1943 to 1945, Wolff was the Supreme SS and Police Leader of the 'Italien' area. By 1945 Wolff was acting military commander of Italy, and in that capacity negotiated the surrender of all the forces in the Southwest Front.
* Alfred Wünnenberg – SS-''Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS und der Polizei''. Commander of the 4th SS, SS-Polizei-Division, 1941–1943; Chief of the ''Ordnungspolizei
The ''Ordnungspolizei'' (), abbreviated ''Orpo'', meaning "Order Police", were the uniformed police force in Nazi Germany from 1936 to 1945. The Orpo organisation was absorbed into the Nazi monopoly on power after regional police jurisdiction w ...
'' (Orpo), 1943–1945 after Kurt Daluege
Kurt Max Franz Daluege (15 September 1897 – 24 October 1946) was chief of the national uniformed ''Ordnungspolizei'' (Order Police) of Nazi Germany. Following Reinhard Heydrich's assassination in 1942, he served as Deputy Protector for th ...
suffered a massive heart attack.
Z
* Adolf Ziegler – Hitler's favorite painter, tasked with the destruction of ''Entartete Kunst'' (Degenerate Art). * Franz Ziereis – Commandant of Mauthausen concentration camp. * Hans Zimmermann – SucceededJulius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virul ...
as Acting ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Franken from 1940 to 1942. He was an SA-''Oberführer''.
See also
*Glossary of Nazi Germany *List of SS personnel *Political decorations of the Nazi Party *Ambassadors of Nazi GermanySources
* * * * * * * * * {{Fascism Nazi Party officials, * Nazi-related lists, Nazi Party leaders Lists of people by ideology, Nazi Party leaders German anti-communists, Nazi Party leaders Nazi Party members, *