Words of

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

origin entered the

French language French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in N ...

. Most of them entered first in another

Romance language The Romance languages, sometimes referred to as Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages, are the various modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages in the Indo-European language ...

before being borrowed by the French language. These languages are mainly

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

(and its dialects),

Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functioned ...

and Hispanic ( Castilian,

Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...

, Portuguese). A little number of words, mainly slang words (

argot A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group.McArthur, T. (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) Oxford University Press It may also be called a cryptolect, argo ...

) came finally through dialectal arab of the French colonies in

North-Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in t ...

A

* abricot' ("

apricot An apricot (, ) is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus '' Prunus''. Usually, an apricot is from the species '' P. armeniaca'', but the fruits of the other species in ''Prunus'' sect. ''Armeniaca'' are al ...

") : from

''albercoc'', derived from the Arabic ''al barqūq'' (أَلْبَرْقُوق) which is itself borrowed from Late Greek ''praikokkion'' derived from Latin ''præcoquum'', meaning "(the) early fruit" * adoble ("

adobe Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for '' mudbrick''. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of ...

") : from

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

''adobe'', derived from the Arabic ''al-ṭūb'' (الطوب) meaning "(the) brick of dried earth" * albacore ("

albacore The albacore (''Thunnus alalunga''), known also as the longfin tuna, is a species of tuna of the order Perciformes. It is found in temperate and tropical waters across the globe in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. There are six distinct s ...

") (zoo.) : from

Latin American Spanish The different varieties of the Spanish language spoken in the Americas are distinct from each other as well as from those varieties spoken in the Iberian peninsula, collectively known as Peninsular Spanish and Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in ...

''albacora'', itself from Maroccan Arabic ''bakûra'' "young

bonito Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned predatory fish in the family Scombridae – a family it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and Spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish. Also called the tribe Sardini, it consists ...

(kind of fish)" * alcade ("

alcade Alcalde (; ) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An ''alcalde'' was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian '' cabildo'' (the municipal council) ...

", "Spanish magistrate, Spanish judge"), from Spanish ''alcade'' "magistrate, judge", itself from Arabic ''al-qāḍi'' (القاض) "the judge; the cadi". * alchimie ("

alchemy Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim wo ...

"): from

''alchimia'', itself from Arabic ''al Kīmíj̄a'' or ''al kîmiâ'' (الكيمياء), possibly from either

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

or Coptic source according to current hypotheses * alcool ("

alcohol Alcohol most commonly refers to: * Alcohol (chemistry), an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom * Alcohol (drug), an intoxicant found in alcoholic drinks Alcohol may also refer to: Chemicals * Ethanol, one of sev ...

"), double origin : Scholar Latin and Spanish ''alcohol'', from Arabic ''kuḥúl'' (الكحول) * alcôve (" alcove): from Spanish ''alcoba'', itself from Arabic ''al qubba'' (القبة) "cupola" * alambic ("

still A still is an apparatus used to distill liquid mixtures by heating to selectively boil and then cooling to condense the vapor. A still uses the same concepts as a basic distillation apparatus, but on a much larger scale. Stills have been use ...

"): from Medieval Latin ''alambicus'', itself from Arabic ''al−anbīq'' or ''al-inbīq'' (الإنبيق) meaning "(the) still for the distillation of alcohol". The invention of the still is traced to Ptolemaic

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning the North Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via a land bridg ...

. The original Greek word ἄμβιξ (''ambix''), meaning "the top of a still" had the definite article ''al-'' added onto it by the Arabs. * alezan (horse: chestnut, sorrel) : from Spanish ''alazán'', probably Arabic ﺃﺻﹿﻬﹷﺐ ��aṣhab* algèbre (

algebra Algebra () is one of the broad areas of mathematics. Roughly speaking, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols in formulas; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. Elementary ...

): from Medieval Latin ''algebra'', itself from Arabic ''al-ǧabr'' or ''al-jabr'' الجبر meaning "amending or fixation", a

root (linguistics) A root (or root word) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements. In morphology, a root is a morphologically simple unit which can be left bare or to which a prefix or a suffix can attach. The root word is the prim ...

of the word Arabic word of 'splint' ''jabirah'' جبيرة * algorithme ("

algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing ...

"): scholar form from Old French ''augorisme'', itself from Old Spanish ''alguarismo'', from ''Al Ḫuwārizmī'', nickname of mathematician

al-Khwarizmi Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( ar, محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, Muḥammad ibn Musā al-Khwārazmi; ), or al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronom ...

الخوارزمي * alidade : from Medieval Latin ''alhidada'', ''alidada'' "rule of the astrolab", itself from Arabic ''al idāda'' * almanach ("

almanac An almanac (also spelled ''almanack'' and ''almanach'') is an annual publication listing a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and othe ...

") : from Medieval Latin ''almanach'' "calendar" from the Spain Arabic ''al manāḫ'' "calendar", المناخ , itself from

Syriac Syriac may refer to: *Syriac language, an ancient dialect of Middle Aramaic *Sureth, one of the modern dialects of Syriac spoken in the Nineveh Plains region * Syriac alphabet ** Syriac (Unicode block) ** Syriac Supplement * Neo-Aramaic languages a ...

''l-manhaï'' "next year" * amalgame ("mixture", "blend", "amalgam") : from Medieval Latin ''amalgama'' alterated form of Arabic ''al-ḡamâa'' الملغم * ambre ("

amber Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In M ...

") : from Medieval Latin ''ambar'' / ''ambra'', itself from Arabic ''anbar'' عنبر * amiral ("

admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet ...

") : from Arabic ''amīr al-'ālī'' "higher chief" or ''amīr-ar-rahl'' "fleet commander" أمير البحر * aniline ("

aniline Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starti ...

") from German ''Anilin'', scholar derivation of ''alin'' "purple dye", itself from Portuguese ''anil'' borrowed from Arabic ''an‑nīl'' (النيلة (صبغة * arrobe (" at sign"): from Spanish ''arroba''. * arsenal ("

arsenal An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostl ...

") : from Italian (Venitian) ''arzana'' with final ''-l'' from an older ''tarsenal, tersenal'', borrowed from Italian (cf. Napolitan ''tarcenale''), themselves from Arabic ''dâr-sinâ'' or ''dār as-inā'' دار الصناعة * artichaut ("

artichoke The globe artichoke (''Cynara cardunculus'' var. ''scolymus'' ),Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43, 53–58. also known by the names French artichoke and green articho ...

") : from Italian ''articiocco'', related to Spanish ''alcachofa'', from Spain Arabic ''haršûfa'' (Classical Arabic ''ḥáršafa'') أرضي شوكي * assassin ("

assassin Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have a ...

") : from Italian ''assassino'', ''assessino'', borrowed from unattested Arabic plural ''*Hashīshiyyīn'' "hashish smokers", derived of ''hašiš'' > ''

hashish Hashish ( ar, حشيش, ()), also known as hash, "dry herb, hay" is a drug made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes. European Monitoring ...

'' حشاشين * aubergine (" aubergine") : from Catalan ''alberginía'', itself from Arabic ''al bādinǧān'', from Persian ''bātinǧān'', ultimatly from Sanskrit ''bhantaki''. البادنحات - الباذنجان * avarie ("damage on a ship, vehicle or its cargo") : from Medieval Latin (Genova, Italy) ''avaria'', itself from Arabic ''àwārīya'', derived form of ''àwār'' "mistake, lack". (عوار (تالف * azimut ("

azimuth An azimuth (; from ar, اَلسُّمُوت, as-sumūt, the directions) is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. More specifically, it is the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north. Mathematical ...

") : from Spanish ''acimut'', itself from Arabic ''sumût'', plural of ''samt'' "path, way" السمت * azur (" azure") : from Medieval Latin ''azurium'', itself from ''lāzaward'' "

lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli (; ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color. As early as the 7th millennium BC, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mine ...

" (cf. Judeo-French ''Lazur''), borrowed from Persian ''lāzward''. لازورد

B

* babouche (slippers) بلغة * baldaquin (

baldachin A baldachin, or baldaquin (from it, baldacchino), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over hi ...

) * barkhane ( barchan) *

baobab ''Adansonia'' is a genus made up of eight species of medium-to-large deciduous trees known as baobabs ( or ). They are placed in the Malvaceae family, subfamily Bombacoideae. They are native to Madagascar, mainland Africa, and Australia.T ...

بو حباب * baroud (

raid Raid, RAID or Raids may refer to: Attack * Raid (military), a sudden attack behind the enemy's lines without the intention of holding ground * Corporate raid, a type of hostile takeover in business * Panty raid, a prankish raid by male college ...

) بارود * benjoin (

benzoin resin Benzoin or benjamin (corrupted pronunciation) is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus '' Styrax''. It is used in perfumes and some kinds of incense and as a flavoring and medicine (see tincture of b ...

) *

benzine Petroleum benzine is a hydrocarbon-based solvent mixture that is classified by its physical properties (e.g. boiling point, vapor pressure) rather than a specific chemical composition. This complicates distinction within the long list of petroleu ...

البنزين * bergamote (

bergamot orange ''Citrus bergamia'', the bergamot orange (pronounced ), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cult ...

) برتقال * bezef (much, many), usually used in the negative form: (not much, not many) * bled (colloquial: Place, Town) بلد *

borax Borax is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated borate of sodium, with chemical formula often written . It is a colorless crystalline solid, that dissolves in water to make a basic solution. It is commonly available in powder or granular form ...

بوراق * bougie (

candle A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. A candle can also provide heat or a method of keeping time. A person who makes candle ...

) from Bejaia (بجاية, port town in Algeria), but not particularly Arabic

C

* cafard (

cockroach Cockroaches (or roaches) are a paraphyletic group of insects belonging to Blattodea, containing all members of the group except termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. Some species are well-known ...

) * café ("

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ...

", "

café A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-c ...

"): from Italian (Venice) ''caffè'' or / and from Turkish ''qahve'', itself from Arabic ''qahwah'' قهوة * caïd (chief of a mob; as a nickname, can be translated as "tiger") قائد * calfeutrer (to draught-proof) * calibre (standard for calibration, calibre, see also ''

Caliper A caliper (British spelling also calliper, or in plurale tantum sense a pair of calipers) is a device used to measure the dimensions of an object. Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or a digital d ...

'') قالب * calife (

caliph A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

) خليفة * camaïeu ( camaieu) * camphre (

camphor Camphor () is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (''Cinnamomum camphora''), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the k ...

) كافور * candie ("

Heraklion Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Gree ...

") قند (من سكر قندي) * carafe (water pot) غرافة * carat ( gem mass or metal purity) قيراط * carmin ("

carmine Carmine ()also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. Specific code ...

") قرمزي * caroussel ("

carousel A carousel or carrousel (mainly North American English), merry-go-round (international), roundabout (British English), or hurdy-gurdy (an old term in Australian English, in SA) is a type of amusement ride consisting of a rotating circular pl ...

") كروي * carvi ("

caraway Caraway, also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin (''Carum carvi''), is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Etymology The etymology of "caraway" is unclear. Caraway has been ...

") كراوية * chèque (" check") : from English ''check'', itself from Old French ''eschec'' / ''echec'' (French ''échec''), alterated form of Latin ''scacus'' from Arabic صك, from Persian ''šāh'', mixed up with Old Low Franconian ''*skāk'' "booty" (cf. German ''Schach'') * chiffre ("

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual number ...

", see ''

Cipher In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is ''encipherment''. To encipher or encode ...

'') : from Arabic ''ṣifr'' صفر * chouïa (slang for "a little") شوية * civette ("

chives Chives, scientific name ''Allium schoenoprasum'', is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae that produces edible leaves and flowers. Their close relatives include the common onions, garlic, shallot, leek, scallion, and ...

", "

civet A civet () is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species diversit ...

") : probably from Catalan ''civetta'', itself from Arabic ''zabād'' قط الزبّاد * clebs (slang for " dog") كلاب * coton ("

cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor pe ...

") : from Italian ''cotone'', itself from Arabic قطن * cramoisi ("

crimson Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, '' Kermes vermilio'', but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red co ...

") : alteration of Italian ''cremisi'', itself from Arabic ''qirmizī'' "colour of the cochineal" قرمزي * cuscute

D

* divan ديوان * douane ("customs") : from Old Italian ''doana'', ''dovana'', itself from Vulgar Arabic ''*duwān'', alteration of ''dīwān'', from Persian ''dīwān'' "customs" *

drogoman A dragoman or Interpretation was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embassies, consulates, vice-consulates and trading posts ...

ترجمان

E

* écarlate أقر طي * échec (jeu d'échecs) * éden عدن * élixir الإكسير * émir أمير * épinard ("spinach") : maybe from Old Occitan ''spinarch'', itself from Medieval Latin ''spinarchia'', ''spinachium'', borrowed from Spain Arabic ''isbināḫ'', for ''asfanāḫ'', ''isfināḫ'', ''isfānâḫ'', itself from Persian ''aspanāḫ'', ''aspanāǧ'', ''asfināǧ'' (FEW t. 19, pp. 11-12). * erg عرق

F

* fakir فقير * fanfare ثرثار ( brass band) * fanfaron From Spanish fanfarrón (boaster) * felouque (

felucca A felucca ( ar, فلوكة, falawaka, possibly originally from Greek , ) is a traditional wooden sailing boat used in the eastern Mediterranean—including around Malta and Tunisia—in Egypt and Sudan (particularly along the Nile and in protect ...

) فلك ـ الفلك التي تجري في البحر * flouze (slang for

money Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money ar ...

) فلوس

G

* gabelle * gala : from Spanish ''gala'' * gaze غاز * gazelle : from Arabic ghazâl (غزال) * gazette : from Italian ''gazetta'' غازات * genette * gerboise قرمزي * gilet * girafe: from Italian ''giraffa'', from Arabic ''zarâfah'' (زرافة) * goudron قطران * goule غول * guitare : from Spanish ''guitarra'', itself from Arabic قيثارة * guitoune

H

* hammam: from Arabic حمّام ''bathroom'' * harem حرم * hasard زهر النرد (Dice) * haschisch: from Arabic حشسيش ''grass'' * henné: from Arabic: حنّة

J

* jarre جرة * jasmin ياسمين * jupe, jupon : from south Italian ''jupa'' "jacket" (Medieval Latin ''juppum''), variant form of Italian ''giubba'', itself from Arabic ''ǧubba''https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/jupe « جبة

K

* Kif-Kif كيف ـ كيف (the same) * kermès قرمز * kohol كحول

L

* laiton * laque * lascar * lilas الياف * limonade ليموناضة * loukoum حلقوم * luth عود

M

* maboule ( mad,

crazy Insanity, madness, lunacy, and craziness are behaviors performed by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns. Insanity can be manifest as violations of societal norms, including a person or persons becoming a danger to themselves or to ...

) مهبول * macramé مقرمة (macrame) * magasin (مخزن (مغازة magazine * marabout خرابط * marcassite مرقشيثا (marcasite) * maroquin المغرب morocco * massepain (مرزبانية (حلوى لوز وسكر (Marzipan) * massicot مقصلة (guillotine) * matelas مطرح * matraque مطرقة * méchoui مشوي * mesquin مسكين * mohair (المخيّر (موهير (mohair) * moire, moiré * momie مومياء (Mummy) * mosquée مسجد * mouchtefert * mousseline موصلي (Muslin) * mousson موسم (monsoon) * mulâtre * muscade

N

* nabab نائب * nacre نقر * nadir نظير * naphte نفط * natron النطرون * nénufar * noria * nouba نوبة

O

* orange نارنج * ouate

P

* pastèque بطيخ

R

* raquette الراحة * razzia غزوة * récif رصيف * riz ارز

S

* saccharine سكر * safari سفاري * safran زعفران * salamalec السلام عليكم * santal صندل * saphir صفير * sarbacane زربطانة * satin from Arabic الزيتون a city in China called Citong * savate سبّاط (Savate) * séné (نبات السنا) * sirop شراب * smala زملة * sofa صُفّة * sorbet from Persian شربة (from Arabic شراب(syrup)) * soude الصودا (Soda) * souk سوق * sucre سكر * sultan سلطان

T

* taffetas : ''التفتة'' ''taffeta '' * talc : ''طلق'' (''ṭalq'') * talisman : ''طلسم'' (''ṭilasm'') * tare : ''طرح'' (''ṭarḥ'') * tarif : ''تعريفة'' (''taʿrīfa'') * timbale : ''طبل'' (''ṭabl'') * toubib : ''طبيب'' (''ṭabīb'') (doctor) * truchement : ''ترجمان'' (''tarjumān'')

V

* varan * vizir وزير

Z

* zénith السمت * zéro صفر

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arabic French language Arabic language Arabic words and phrases

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See also

References

External links