The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are

bats Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...

(

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...

) found from southern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

, specifically from the Southwest United States to northern

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

. Both the

scientific Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

and

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

s derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, though this is greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders. Because these bats echolocate nasally, this "nose-leaf" is thought to serve some role in modifying and directing the echolocation call. Similar nose leaves are found in some other groups of bats, most notably the Old World leaf-nosed bats. They are the most ecologically diverse bat

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

; members of this family have evolved to use food groups as varied as

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

nectar Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by Plant, plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollination, pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to an ...

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced Gametophyte#Heterospory, microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm ...

insects Insects (from Latin ') are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed ...

, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the

vampire bat Vampire bats, members of the subfamily Desmodontinae, are Phyllostomidae, leaf-nosed bats currently found in Central and South America. Their food source is the blood of other animals, a dietary trait called hematophagy. Three extant bat species ...

blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood is com ...

. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats also include true

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

species and frugivores (subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae). For example, the spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), the largest bat in the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

, eats vertebrate prey, including small,

dove Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

-sized birds.

Evolution

The Phyllostomidae, also known as New World leaf-nosed bats, are among the most ecologically diverse mammal families. This variation is measured by diversity in skull morphology and diet-related characteristics: Phyllostomidae consists of species that have evolved physical modifications for

insectivory A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant which eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...

frugivory A frugivore ( ) is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance ...

hematophagy Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα ' "blood" and φαγεῖν ' "to eat"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious ...

, nectarivory, and omnivory. The

nose-leaf A nose-leaf, or leaf nose, is an often large, lance-shaped nose, found in bats of the Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae, and Rhinolophidae families. Because these bats Animal echolocation, echolocate nasally, this nose-leaf is thought to serve a role ...

—a distinctive characteristic of the family—is thought to have evolved to reflect the dietary and foraging behavior of different species of Phyllostomidae. With an evolutionary history tracing back to the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

, fossil and phylogenetic evidence suggests the family originated about 30 million years ago. Leaf nosed bats evolved from

Yangochiroptera Yangochiroptera, or Vespertilioniformes, is a suborder of Chiroptera that includes most of the microbat families, except the Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Craseonycteridae and Megadermatidae. These other families, plus the ...

and Miniopteridae with sister groups also evolving from this group. The Phyllostomidae consists of 61 genera and about 227 species.

Description

New World leaf-nosed bats are bilaterally symmetrical and endothermic mammals characterized by an elaborate outgrowth of skin on their noses, called a nose-leaf, which is believed to aid in echolocation. The nose-leaf can be adorned with a vertical leaf, a concave upward leaf, or multiple accessory leaves; varying by species. Leaf-nosed bats lack a tail, have triangular-shaped ears that can have pointed or rounded tips, range in body size from , and have a wingspan of up to or more. New World leaf-nosed bats are usually brown, grey, or black, although five species are white. They range in size from in head-body length, and can weigh from .

Biology and ecology

Like other bats, leaf-nosed bats are nocturnal foragers that use echolocation to locate food sources, though the food sources vary between species. Many bats in the family Phyllostomidae appear to have limited reliance on echolocation, likely because

frugivorous A frugivore ( ) is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance ...

bats do not need to quickly identify flying insects like many other bats. Instead, species of leaf-nosed fruit bats appear to use scent to identify their preferred food sources. When they are not foraging, leaf-nosed bats roost in abandoned buildings, caves, and beneath folded leaves depending on the species. Nearly every roosting option present among bats is represented within this family, including species that prefer to roost alone, as well as species that roost with thousands of other individuals every day within a large colony. They do not

hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic reduction entered by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It is most ...

, although some species have been reported to aestivate.

Diet

The Phyllostomidae demonstrate the most diverse dietary habits of any family of bats across the globe. Because of this, general dietary patterns are categorized for each species. Leaf-nosed bats generally specialize in a particular type of diet which leads to classification in one of these groups:

frugivore A frugivore ( ) is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance ...

nectarivore In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants. Nectar as a food source presents a number of benefits ...

insectivore file:Common brown robberfly with prey.jpg, A Asilidae, robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivore, carnivorous animal or plant which eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the Entomophagy ...

omnivore An omnivore () is an animal that regularly consumes significant quantities of both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize t ...

, or

haematophagous Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα ' "blood" and φαγεῖν ' "to eat"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious ...

. However, categorizations are based only on primary consumption habits, therefore observing species that occasionally consume food items outside of their particular classifications is not uncommon. Usually, when leaf-nosed bats consume outside of their primary dietary categorization, it is to ensure sufficient intake of nutrients that their primary food source may not provide. For example, nectar and ripe fruits provide sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and water, but are lacking in protein and fat.Elangovan, V., Marimuthu, G., Kunz, T.H. Temporal patterns of resource use by the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) (2001) Journal of Mammalogy, 82 (1), pp. 161-165. To meet basic nutritional requirements, leaf-nosed bats that primarily feed on fruit and nectar must also consume insects to ensure sufficient protein and fat intake and visit salt licks to acquire

sodium Sodium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Na (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 element, group 1 of the peri ...

and other nutrients. Most leaf-nosed bats are classified as insectivores and feed on a variety of small insects. Certain species with this classification capture their prey either while in flight or from foliage in trees or on the ground. Carnivorous species feed on a variety of animals ranging from frogs to other bats. The Desmodontinae fall into this general carnivorous category, but are further distinguished by feeding exclusively on blood. In contrast, some species in this family feed on exclusively plants, gaining needed nutrients from fruits and leaves. Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae are nectar-feeding subfamilies.

Life cycle

Leaf-nosed bats are gonochoric (separate sexes) that partake in sexual copulation. These bats can live for 20–30 years and females become sexually active at two years of age. Female ovulation occurs from October through September, after the female mates, the gestation period ranges from 8–9 months with an initial 3- to 5-month diapause period when the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones. The female gives birth to a single pup, which has open ears, open eyes, and the first set of deciduous teeth, and is fully furred at birth.

Social systems

Among species that roost in groups, some evidence exists for a

social hierarchy Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). ...

with higher-ranking individuals gaining access to preferred areas of the site. Solitary roosting bats, though, live alone and maintain a strict fidelity to a single roosting site. In some cases, males live alone or with harems, while females prefer to roost with other individuals and their pups. In nearly every species that has been studied, mothers and pups maintain a social bond that lasts beyond nursing. Apparently, young bats can learn food preferences from their mothers and when they are reluctant to leave the nest, mothers literally nudge the infants out of the roost.

Range

New World leaf-nosed bats range from the United States, in southern

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

and the West Indies to northern Argentina. The family inhabits a diverse array of environments and habitats ranging from forests to deserts.

Human impact

Species of New World leaf-nosed bats that make their homes in forested areas are greatly affected by agricultural intensification.Williams‐Guillén, K., & Perfecto, I. (2010). Effects of Agricultural Intensification on the Assemblage of Leaf-Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae) in a Coffee Landscape in Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica, 42(5), 605–613. Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there. California leaf-nosed bats in particular are susceptible to human disruption. This species is known to create large roosts in closed mine shafts due to their potential to provide warmth and isolation. When humans enter the shafts or rework old mines, this disrupts the roosts of the leaf-nosed bats and has the potential to be detrimental to the population as a whole.

Classification

FAMILY PHYLLOSTOMIDAE *Subfamily Carolliinae **Genus ''

Carollia ''Carollia'' is a genus of bats often referred to as the short-tailed fruit bats. Along with the genus '' Rhinophylla'', ''Carollia'' makes up the subfamily Carolliinae of family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. Currently, nine species of ...

'' *** Benkeith's short-tailed bat (''Carollia benkeithi'') *** Silky short-tailed bat (''Carollia brevicauda'') *** Chestnut short-tailed bat (''Carollia castanea'') *** Silky short-tailed bat (''Carollia colombiana'') *** Manu short-tailed bat (''Carollia manu'') *** Mono's short-tailed bat (''Carollia monohernandezi'') *** Seba's short-tailed bat (''Carollia perspicillata'') ***

Sowell's short-tailed bat Sowell's short-tailed bat (''Carollia sowelli'') is a common bat species in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found from San Luis Potosi (Mexico) through Central America to west Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a count ...

(''Carollia sowelli'') *** Gray short-tailed bat (''Carollia subrufa'') *Subfamily: Desmodontinae - vampire bats **Genus '' Desmodus'' ***''D. archaeodaptes'', † *** Giant vampire bat, ''D. draculae'' †,Turvey, S.T. (2009). Holocene mammal extinctions. In: Turvey, S.T. (editor) (2009). ''Holocene Extinctions''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. *** Cuban vampire bat, ''D. puntajudensis'' † ***

Common vampire bat The common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus'') is a small, leaf-nosed bat native to the Americas. It is one of three extant species of vampire bats, the other two being the Hairy-legged vampire bat, hairy-legged and the white-winged vampire bats ...

, ''D. rotundus'' Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. ''Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. *** Stock's vampire bat, ''D. stocki'' †,Knox Jones JR, J. (1958). Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396, December 19, 1958.
Available online
**Genus ''Diaemus'' ***

White-winged vampire bat The white-winged vampire bat (''Diaemus youngi''), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus ''Diaemus''. They are found from Mexico to northern Argentina and are present on the islands of Trinidad and Margarita Island. Etymology ...

, ''D. youngi'' **Genus ''Diphylla'' *** Hairy-legged vampire bat, ''D. ecaudata'' *Subfamily: Glossophaginae ** Tribe Brachyphyllini ***Genus '' Brachyphylla'' **** Antillean fruit-eating bat (''Brachyphylla cavernarum'') **** Cuban fruit-eating bat (''Brachyphylla nana'') ***Genus '' Erophylla'' **** Brown flower bat (''Erophylla bombifrons'') **** Buffy flower bat (''Erophylla sezekorni'') ***Genus '' Phyllonycteris'' **** Jamaican flower bat (''Phyllonycteris aphylla'') **** Puerto Rican flower bat (''Phyllonycteris major'') **** Cuban flower bat (''Phyllonycteris poeyi'') ** Tribe Choeronycterini ***Genus '' Anoura'' ****'' Anoura aequatoris'' **** Cadena's tailless bat (''Anoura cadenai'') **** Tailed tailless bat (''Anoura caudifer'') **** Handley's tailless bat (''Anoura cultrata'')) ****

Tube-lipped nectar bat The tube-lipped nectar bat (''Anoura fistulata'') is a bat from Ecuador. It was described in 2005. It has a remarkably long tongue, which it uses to drink nectar. It additionally consumes pollen and insects. Taxonomy and etymology The tube-lippe ...

(''Anoura fistulata'') **** Geoffroy's tailless bat (''Anoura geoffroyi'') **** Broad-toothed tailless bat (''Anoura latidens'') **** Luis Manuel's tailless bat (''Anoura luismanueli'') ****'' Anoura peruana'' ***Genus '' Choeroniscus'' **** Godman's long-tailed bat (''Choeroniscus godmani'') **** Intermediate long-tailed bat (''Choeroniscus intermedius'') **** Minor long-nosed long-tongued bat (''Choeroniscus minor'') **** Greater long-tailed bat (''Choeroniscus periosus'') ***Genus '' Choeronycteris'' **** Mexican long-tongued bat (''Choeronycteris mexicana'') ***Genus '' Dryadonycteris'' ****'' Dryadonycteris capixaba'' ***Genus '' Hylonycteris'' **** Underwood's long-tongued bat (''Hylonycteris underwoodi'') ***Genus '' Lichonycteris'' **** Pale brown long-nosed bat (''Lichonycteris degener'') **** Dark long-tongued bat (''Lichonycteris obscura'') ***Genus '' Musonycteris'' **** Banana bat (''Musonycteris harrisoni'') ***Genus '' Scleronycteris'' **** Ega long-tongued bat (''Scleronycteris ega'') **Tribe Glossophagini ***Genus '' Glossophaga'' **** Commissaris's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga commissarisi'') **** Gray long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga leachii'') **** Miller's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga longirostris'') **** Western long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga morenoi'') **** Pallas's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga soricina'') ***Genus '' Leptonycteris'' **** Southern long-nosed bat (''Leptonycteris curasoae'') **** Greater long-nosed bat (''Leptonycteris nivalis'') **** Lesser long-nosed bat (''Leptonycteris yerbabuenae'') ***Genus '' Monophyllus'' ****

Insular single leaf bat The insular single leaf bat or Lesser Antillean long-tongued bat (''Monophyllus plethodon'') is a species of leaf-nosed bat. It is found on the Lesser Antilles islands in the Caribbean Sea. Taxonomy The insular single leaf bat was species descri ...

(''Monophyllus plethodon'') **** Leach's single leaf bat (''Monophyllus redmani'') *Subfamily: Glyphonycterinae **Genus '' Glyphonycteris'' *** Behn's bat (''Glyphonycteris behnii'') *** Davies's big-eared bat (''Glyphonycteris daviesi'') *** Tricolored big-eared bat (''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'') **Genus '' Neonycteris'' *** Least big-eared bat (''Neonycteris pusilla'') **Genus '' Trinycteris'' *** Niceforo's big-eared bat (''Trinycteris nicefori'') *Subfamily Lonchophyllinae **Tribe Hsunycterini ***Genus '' Hsunycteris'' **** Cadena's long-tongued bat (''Hsunycteris cadenai'') **** Dashe's nectar bat (''Hsunycteris dashe'') **** Patton's long-tongued bat (''Hsunycteris pattoni'') **** Thomas's nectar bat (''Hsunycteris thomasi'') ** Tribe Lonchophyllini ***Genus '' Lionycteris'' **** Chestnut long-tongued bat (''Lionycteris spurrelli'') ***Genus '' Lonchophylla'' **** Bokermann's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla bokermanni'') **** Chocoan long-tongued bat (''Lonchophylla chocoana'') ****'' Lonchophylla concava'' **** Dekeyser's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla dekeyseri'') ****'' Lonchophylla fornicata'' **** Handley's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla handleyi'') **** Western nectar bat (''Lonchophylla hesperia'') ****'' Lonchophylla inexpectata'' **** Goldman's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla mordax'') **** Orcés's long-tongued bat (''Lonchophylla orcesi'') ****'' Lonchophylla orienticollina'' **** Peracchi's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla peracchii'') **** Orange nectar bat (''Lonchophylla robusta'') ***Genus '' Platalina'' **** Long-snouted bat (''Platalina genovensium'') ***Genus '' Xeronycteris'' **** Vieira's long-tongued bat (''Xeronycteris vieirai'') *Subfamily Lonchorhininae **Genus '' Lonchorhina'' *** Tomes's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina aurita'') *** Fernandez's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina fernandezi'') *** Northern sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina inusitata'') *** Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina marinkellei'') *** Orinoco sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina orinocensis'') *Subfamily Macrotinae **Genus '' Macrotus'' *** California leaf-nosed bat (''Macrotus californicus'') *** Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat (''Macrotus waterhousii'') *Subfamily Micronycterinae **Genus '' Lampronycteris'' *** Yellow-throated big-eared bat (''Lampronycteris brachyotis'') **Genus '' Micronycteris'' *** Brosset's big-eared bat (''Micronycteris brosseti'') *** Saint Vincent big-eared bat (''Micronycteris buriri'') ***'' Micronycteris giovanniae'' *** Hairy big-eared bat (''Micronycteris hirsuta'') *** Matses' big-eared bat (''Micronycteris matses'') *** Little big-eared bat (''Micronycteris megalotis'') *** Common big-eared bat (''Micronycteris microtis'') *** White-bellied big-eared bat (''Micronycteris minuta'') *** Sanborn's big-eared bat (''Micronycteris sanborni'') *** Schmidts's big-eared bat (''Micronycteris schmidtorum'') *** Yates's big-eared bat (''Micronycteris yatesi'') *Subfamily Phyllostominae ** Genus †'' Notonycteris''''Notonycteris''
at

Fossilworks Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was cr ...

.org ** Tribe Macrophyllini ***Genus '' Macrophyllum'' **** Long-legged bat (''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'') ***Genus '' Trachops'' **** Fringe-lipped bat (''Trachops cirrhosus'') ** Tribe Phyllostomini ***Genus '' Gardnerycteris'' **** Striped hairy-nosed bat (''Gardnerycteris crenulata'') **** Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat (''Gardnerycteris koepckeae'') ***Genus '' Lophostoma'' **** Pygmy round-eared bat (''Lophostoma brasiliense'') **** Carriker's round-eared bat (''Lophostoma carrikeri'') **** Davis's round-eared bat (''Lophostoma evotis'') **** Kalko's round-eared bat (''Lophostoma kalkoae'') **** Western round-eared bat (''Lophostoma occidentale'') **** Schultz's round-eared bat (''Lophostoma schulzi'') **** White-throated round-eared bat (''Lophostoma silvicola'') ***Genus '' Phylloderma'' **** Pale-faced bat (''Phylloderma stenops'') ***Genus '' Phyllostomus'' **** Pale spear-nosed bat (''Phyllostomus discolor'') **** Lesser spear-nosed bat (''Phyllostomus elongatus'') ****

Greater spear-nosed bat The greater spear-nosed bat (''Phyllostomus hastatus'') is a bat species of the family Phyllostomidae from South and Central America. It is one of the larger bats of this region and is omnivorous. Habitat ''Phyllostomus hastatus'' lives in t ...

(''Phyllostomus hastatus'') **** Guianan spear-nosed bat (''Phyllostomus latifolius'') ***Genus '' Tonatia'' ****

Greater round-eared bat The greater round-eared bat (''Tonatia bidens'') is a bat species found in northeastern and southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. The species feeds on fruit as well as hunting small birds. Once caught, birds are taken to a s ...

(''Tonatia bidens'') **** Stripe-headed round-eared bat (''Tonatia saurophila'') ** Tribe Vampyrini ***Genus '' Chrotopterus'' ****

Big-eared woolly bat The big-eared woolly bat or (Peters's) woolly false vampire bat (''Chrotopterus auritus'') is a species of bat, belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The name ''Chrotopterus'' is derived from Greek roots ''ch''ariots (skin, color), and ''pter ...

(''Chrotopterus auritus'') ***Genus '' Mimon'' **** Golden bat (''Mimon bennettii'') **** Cozumelan golden bat (''Mimon cozumelae'') ***Genus '' Vampyrum'' **** Spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum'') *Subfamily: Rhinophyllinae **Genus '' Rhinophylla'' *** Hairy little fruit bat (''Rhinophylla alethina'') *** Fischer's little fruit bat (''Rhinophylla fischerae'') *** Dwarf little fruit bat (''Rhinophylla pumilio'') *Subfamily: Stenodermatinae ** Tribe Stenodermatini ***Genus '' Ametrida'' **** Little white-shouldered bat (''Ametrida centurio'') ***Genus '' Ardops'' **** Tree bat (''Ardops nichollsi'') ***Genus '' Ariteus'' **** Jamaican fig-eating bat (''Ariteus flavescens'') ***Genus ''

Artibeus The Neotropical fruit bats (''Artibeus'') are a genus of bats within the subfamily Stenodermatinae. The genus consists of 12 species, which are native to Central America, Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Description These bat ...

'' ****'' Artibeus aequatorialis'' **** Large fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus amplus'') **** Brown fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus concolor'') **** Fringed fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus fimbriatus'') **** Fraternal fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus fraterculus'') **** Hairy fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus hirsutus'') **** Honduran fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus inopinatus'') ****

Jamaican fruit bat The Jamaican, common, or Mexican fruit bat (''Artibeus jamaicensis'') is a frugivorous bat species native species, native to the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. Description The Jamaican fruit bat is a medium-sized bat, having a total length of ...

(''Artibeus jamaicensis'') **** Great fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus lituratus'') **** Dark fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus obscurus'') **** Flat-faced fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus planirostris'') ****'' Artibeus schwartzi'' ***Genus '' Centurio'' ****

Wrinkle-faced bat The wrinkle-faced bat (''Centurio senex'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae and the only identified member of the genus ''Centurio''. This bat is found in various countries in and around Central America. It eats fruit but is not ...

(''Centurio senex'') ***Genus ''

Chiroderma ''Chiroderma'' – big-eyed bats or white-lined bats – is a genus of leaf-nosed bat found in North America, Central America, and South America and the Lesser Antilles. Species The following species were recognized , and a total of seven specie ...

'' **** Brazilian big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma doriae'') **** Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma improvisum'') **** Salvin's big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma salvini'') **** Little big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma trinitatum'') **** Hairy big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma villosum'') ****'' Chiroderma vizottoi'' ***Genus '' Ectophylla'' **** Honduran white bat (''Ectophylla alba'') ***Genus '' Enchisthenes'' **** Velvety fruit-eating bat (''Enchisthenes hartii'') ***Genus '' Mesophylla'' **** MacConnell's bat (''Mesophylla macconnelli'') ***Genus '' Phyllops'' **** Cuban fig-eating bat (''Phyllops falcatus'') ***Genus '' Pygoderma'' **** Ipanema bat (''Pygoderma bilabiatum'') ***Genus '' Platyrrhinus'' ****'' Platyrrhinus albericoi'' **** Slender broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus angustirostris'') ****'' Platyrrhinus aquilus'' **** Eldorado broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus aurarius'') **** Short-headed broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus brachycephalus'') **** Choco broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus chocoensis'') **** Thomas's broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus dorsalis'') **** Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus fusciventris'') **** Heller's broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus helleri'') ****'' Platyrrhinus incarum'' **** Buffy broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus infuscus'') ****'' Platyrrhinus ismaeli'' **** White-lined broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus lineatus'') **** Quechua broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus masu'') **** Matapalo broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus matapalensis'') **** Western broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus nitelinea'') **** Recife broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus recifinus'') **** Shadowy broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus umbratus'') **** Greater broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus vittatus'') ***Genus '' Sphaeronycteris'' **** Visored bat (''Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum'') ***Genus '' Stenoderma'' **** Red fruit bat (''Stenoderma rufum'') ***Genus '' Uroderma'' **** Tent-making bat (''Uroderma bilobatum'') **** Brown tent-making bat (''Uroderma magnirostrum'') ***Genus '' Vampyressa'' **** Melissa's yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa melissa'') **** Southern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa pusilla'') **** Northern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa thyone'') ***Genus '' Vampyriscus'' **** Bidentate yellow-eared bat (''Vampyriscus bidens'') **** Brock's yellow-eared bat (''Vampyriscus brocki'') ****'' Vampyriscus nymphaeus'' ***Genus '' Vampyrodes'' **** Great stripe-faced bat (''Vampyrodes caraccioli'') ****'' Vampyrodes major'' ** Tribe Sturnirini ***Genus ''

Sturnira ''Sturnira'' known as a yellow-shouldered bat or American epauleted bat, is a genus of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. The genus name comes from the Latin for " starling" and refers to , which took part in an 1836 voyage to Brazil during whic ...

'' ****'' Sturnira angeli'' ****

Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira aratathomasi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae native to South America. Taxonomy and etymology It was described as a new species in 1968. The first documentation of the species, ...

(''Sturnira aratathomasi'') ****'' Sturnira bakeri'' **** Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira bidens'') **** Bogota yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira bogotensis'') **** Burton's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira burtonlimi'') **** Hairy yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira erythromos'') ****'' Sturnira hondurensis'' ****'' Sturnira koopmanhilli'' **** Little yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira lilium'') **** Highland yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira ludovici'') ****

Louis's yellow-shouldered bat Louis's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira luisi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South Amer ...

(''Sturnira luisi'') **** Greater yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira magna'') **** Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira mistratensis'') **** Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira mordax'') **** Lesser yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira nana'') **** Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira oporaphilum'') ****'' Sturnira parvidens'' ****'' Sturnira paulsoni'' ****'' Sturnira perla'' **** Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira sorianoi'') **** Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira tildae'')

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q600042 Phyllostomidae Taxa named by John Edward Gray