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Landshut (; bar, Landshuad) is a town in
Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...
in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of
Lower Bavaria Lower Bavaria (german: Niederbayern, Bavarian: ''Niedabayern'') is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. Geography Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions () – Landshut and Donau-W ...
, one of the seven
administrative region Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
s of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also the seat of the surrounding district, and has a population of more than 70,000. Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria, followed by Passau and Straubing, and Eastern Bavaria's second biggest city. Owing to its characteristic coat of arms, the town is also often called "City of the three Helmets" (german: Dreihelmenstadt). Furthermore, the town is popularly known for the Landshuter Hochzeit ( Landshut Wedding), a full-tilt medieval festival. Due to its proximity and easy access to
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
and the Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, Landshut became a powerful and future-oriented investment area. The town is one of the richest industrialized towns in Bavaria and has East Bavaria's lowest unemployment rate.


Geography


Settings

Landshut lies in the centre of Lower Bavaria and is part of the
Alpine foothills The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (german: Voralpen; french: Préalpes; it, Prealpi; ), may refer generally to any foothills at the base of the Alps in Europe. They are the transition zone between the High Alps and the Swiss Plateau and the Bavar ...
. The River Isar runs through the city centre. Landshut is about northeast of
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
.


History

The city of Landshut and Trausnitz castle were founded in 1204 by Duke Louis I. Landshut was already a Wittelsbach residence by 1231, and in 1255, when the duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Landshut also became the capital of Lower Bavaria. Duke Henry XVI was the first of the three famous rich dukes who ruled Bayern-Landshut in the 15th century. The wedding of Duke George with the Polish Princess Royal Jadwiga Jagiellon in 1475 was celebrated in Landshut with one of the most splendid festivals of the Middle Ages (called " Landshuter Hochzeit"). After his death and the Landshut War of Succession, Bavaria-Landshut was reunited with Bavaria-Munich. Louis X, Duke of Bavaria built the Landshut Residence 1537–1543 after his visit to Italy. Louis built the first
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ide ...
palace constructed north of the Alps after the
Palazzo Te or is a palace in the suburbs of Mantua, Italy. It is a fine example of the mannerist style of architecture, and the acknowledged masterpiece of Giulio Romano. Although formed in Italian, the usual name in English of Palazzo del Te is not t ...
in
Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...
. William V, Duke of Bavaria ordered to upgrade Trausnitz Castle from a gothic fortification into a renaissance complex when he lived in Landshut as crown prince for ten years until 1579. Afterwards Landshut lost most of its importance until the
University of Ingolstadt The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, the Duke of Bavaria at the time, and its first Chancellor was the Bishop of Eichstätt. It consisted of five faculties: humanities, sciences, theology, law, and medicine, all o ...
was moved to Landshut in 1800. However, in 1826 the university was transferred to Munich. During the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of batt ...
, the city was taken and plundered by Swedish forces three times, (1632, 1634 and 1648).
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
fought and won the Battle of Landshut in 1809 against an Austrian army as part of the War of the Fifth Coalition. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, a subcamp of
Dachau concentration camp , , commandant = List of commandants , known for = , location = Upper Bavaria, Southern Germany , built by = Germany , operated by = ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) , original use = Political prison , construction ...
was located in the city to provide
slave labour Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to per ...
for local industry. The city was taken by US troops on April 29, 1945. The U.S. Army maintained facilities in Landshut, including Pinder Kaserne and a dependent housing area, until 1968. Since the opening of
Munich Airport Munich International Airport- Franz Josef Strauß (german: link=no, Flughafen München) is an international airport serving Munich and Upper Bavaria. It is the second-busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic after Frankfurt A ...
close to Landshut in 1992, the town has become an attractive business location.


Main sights and culture

The town is of national importance because of its predominantly
Gothic architecture Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It ...
within the historic town centre, especially '' Trausnitz Castle'' and the ''
Church of Saint Martin Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chri ...
'' featuring the world's tallest brick tower. Among other Gothic architecture are the churches of ''St. Jodok'' and ''Holy Spirit'', but also the ''Town Hall'' and the ''Ländtor'', the only still existing gate of the medieval fortification. Landshut is also known for a festival celebrated every four years called the Landshuter Hochzeit, commemorating the 1475 marriage of George of Bavaria and Jadwiga Jagiellon. The renaissance era produced in particular the decorated inner courtyard of the ''Trausnitz Castle'' and the ducal '' Landshut Residence'' in the inner town. Baroque churches are represented by the Jesuit church ''St. Ignatius'', the Dominican church ''St. Blasius'' and the church of ''St. Joseph''. Also the medieval churches of the Seligenthal convent and of the Cistercians were redesigned in baroque style. Many old middle-class houses of the past in the Old Town still represent the history of the town from the Gothic times to the Neo-Classicism.


Transportation

There are regular regional train connections to Munich, Passau,
Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...
,
Rosenheim Rosenheim is a city in Bavaria, Germany. It is an independent city located in the centre of the district of Rosenheim (Upper Bavaria), and is also the seat of its administration. It is located on the west bank of the Inn at the confluence of th ...
,
Nuremberg Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...
and Hof.


Sport

The most successful professional team in the city is
ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice ...
team
EV Landshut EV Landshut, also known as EVL Landshut Eishockey and formerly known as the Landshut Cannibals, are a professional ice hockey team based in Landshut, Bavaria, Germany. They currently play in Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2, the second level of ice ...
, playing currently in the
Second Division In sport, the Second Division, also called Division 2 or Division II is usually the second highest division of a league, and will often have promotion and relegation with divisions above and below. Following the rise of Premier League style compet ...
. The other professional team is the city is motorcycle speedway team Landshut Devils. The local
association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
team is
SpVgg Landshut The SpVgg Landshut is a German association football club from the city of Landshut, Bavaria. Both the clubs men and women's football teams have in the past played in the highest state league, the Bayernliga. History The club was formed in 1919 ...
with both men's and
women's A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardle ...
team previously having reached the top state division.


Culture


Theatres

* Stadttheater (city theatre) * ''Kleines Theater'' * Theater Nikola


Cinemas

* Kinoptikumrepertory cinemabr>
* Kinopolis LandshutMultiplex cinemabr>
* Burgtheater/Kühlhauskino


Museums

* Skulpturenmuseum im Hofberg (Sculptural Museum in Hofberg) * LANDSHUTmuseum in the cloister of the old Franciscan monastery


Venues

*
Eisstadion am Gutenbergweg The Fanatec Arena (former: Eisstadion am Gutenbergweg; en, Gutenberg-road ice hockey venue) is an indoor sporting arena located in Landshut, Germany. It is primarily used for ice hockey. The complex of buildings consists of two ice rinks, one g ...
– Indoor
Ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice ...
arena, mainly used by the
Landshut Cannibals EV Landshut, also known as EVL Landshut Eishockey and formerly known as the Landshut Cannibals, are a professional ice hockey team based in Landshut, Bavaria, Germany. They currently play in Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2, the second level of ice h ...
* Sparkassen-Arena – Mainly used for concerts and fairs * Grieserwiese – Giant parking area located between Wittstraße and the bank of the river Isar used for the annual Frühjahrs- und Bartlmädult


Businesses

* BMW * Dräxlmaier Group * Deutsche Telekom * ebmpapst * LFoundry, a semiconductor fab formerly owned by Renesas and before by
Hitachi () is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is the parent company of the Hitachi Group (''Hitachi Gurūpu'') and had formed part of the Nissan ''zaibatsu'' and later DKB Group and Fuyo G ...
) * Schott Glass *
Vishay Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. is an American manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components founded by Polish-born businessman Felix Zandman. Vishay has manufacturing plants in Israel, Asia, Europe, and the Americas wh ...
*
Karstadt Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH was a German department store chain whose headquarters were in Essen. Until 30 September 2010 the company was a subsidiary of Arcandor AG (which was known until 30 June 2007 as KarstadtQuelle AG) and was responsible wi ...
* :de:Pöschl Tabak There are also two nuclear power plants located 14 km away from Landshut, Isar I (Inactive) and Isar II (active until 2022).


Twin towns – sister cities

Landshut is twinned with: * Elgin, Scotland, United Kingdom (1956), the Landshut Bridge in Elgin is named after Landshut *
Compiègne Compiègne (; pcd, Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. It is located on the river Oise. Its inhabitants are called ''Compiégnois''. Administration Compiègne is the seat of two cantons: * Compiègne-1 (with ...
, France (1962) * Ried im Innkreis, Austria (1974) *
Schio Schio is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza (region of Veneto, northern Italy) situated north of Vicenza and east of the Lake Garda. It is surrounded by the Little Dolomites (Italian Prealps) and Mount Pasubio. History Its name comes ...
, Italy (1981) *
Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...
, Romania (2002)


Notable people


Before 1920

*
Ulrich Füetrer Ulrich Füetrer or Füterer (before 1450 - between 1496 and 1500) was a German writer, painter, and sculptor. Born in Landshut before 1450 (some sources state 1430 as the year of his birth), Ulrich Füetrer went to the Latin school in that city ...
(born before 1450; died around 1493 and 1502), poet and painter * Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872), philosopher * Friedrich Feuerbach (1806–1880), philologian and philosopher *
Gustav Tiedemann Gustav Nikolaus Tiedemann (February 17, 1808 Landshut, Bavaria - August 11, 1849 Rastatt) was a German soldier who joined the revolutionaries during the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany, eventually becoming the commander of the last holdout of the rev ...
(1808–1849), officer * Carl du Prel (1839–1899), philosopher, writer and occultist *
Karl Tanera Karl Tanera (9 June 1849 – 4 October 1904) was a German military writer and novelist. Biography Tanera was born in Landshut. He entered the Bavarian army in 1866, took part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, and was severely wounded during t ...
(1849–1904), officer of the Bavarian Army and author * Max Slevogt (1868–1932), painter, graphician * Otto Kissenberth (1893–1919), fighter pilot in World War I *
Hermann Erhardt Hermann Erhardt (January 9, 1903 in Landshut - November 30, 1958 in Vienna) was a German actor who played in more than 50 movies, among them '' Heimkehr'' and '' A Devil of a Woman''. Selected filmography * '' The Monastery's Hunter'' (1935) ...
(1903–1958), actor * Max Schäfer (1907–1990), football player and manager * Marlene Neubauer-Woerner (1918–2010), sculptor


1920–present

* Josef Deimer (born 1936), politician and Lord mayor of Landshut from 1970–2014 *
Roman Herzog Roman Herzog (; 5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as the president of Germany from 1994 to 1999. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the first president to be elec ...
(1934–2017), politician (CDU), President of Germany from 1994 to 1999, then Honorary Citizen as well *
Klaus Auhuber Klaus Auhuber (born 18 October 1951 in Landshut) is an ice hockey player who played for the West German national team. He won a bronze medal at the 1976 Winter Olympics The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter ...
(born 1951), ice hockey player * Gerhard Tausche (born 1958), archivist and author *
Gerd Truntschka Gerhard Truntschka (born September 10, 1958 in Landshut, West Germany) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the Ice hockey Bundesliga. Playing career Truntschka played for Kölner Haie and DEG Metro Stars. He played fo ...
(born 1958), ice hockey player *
Martin Bayerstorfer Martin Bayerstorfer (born 8 May 1966 in Landshut) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was elected in 2002 to represent Landkreis Erding. See also *List of Bavarian Christian Social Union politician ...
(born 1966), politician * Alex Holzwarth (born 1968), drummer *
Wolfgang Stark Wolfgang Stark (born 20 November 1969) is a German former football referee who is based in Ergolding. He refereed for DJK Altdorf of the Bavarian Football Association. Refereeing career In addition to German domestic competitions, Stark officia ...
(born 1969), football referee *
Markus Brunnermeier Markus Konrad Brunnermeier (born March 22, 1969) is an economist, who is the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Economics at Princeton University, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. He is a facult ...
(born 1969), financial economist * Annette Dytrt (born 1983), figure skater


Honorary citizens

* Hans Leinberger (1475/1480 – after 1531), sculptor * Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, (1804–1872), philosopher and anthropologist *
Roman Herzog Roman Herzog (; 5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as the president of Germany from 1994 to 1999. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the first president to be elec ...
(1934-2017), President of Germany 1994–1999 * Josef Deimer (born 1936), Lord Mayor of Landshut 1970–2004 *
Erich Kühnhackl Erich Kühnhackl (born 17 October 1950) is a German former professional ice hockey player, born and raised in Czechoslovakia. He is one of the all-time greats of German ice hockey and was named Germany's ice hockey player of the 20th century in ...
(born 1950), ice hockey player


Notable inhabitants

* Louis I, Duke of Bavaria (1173–1231), Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine * Hans von Burghausen (born 1350–1360; died 1432), builder * Hans Stethaimer (1360–1432), architect, mason and painter * Hans Leinberger (1480–1531), sculptor of the late Gothic * Götz von Berlichingen (1480–1562), Frankish Empire Knights * Renata of Lorraine (1544–1602), Duchess of Bavaria * Johann Graf von Aldringen (1588–1634), commander * Franz von Paula Schrank (1747–1835), botanist *
Johann Michael Sailer Johann Michael Sailer (17 October 1751, in Aresing – 20 May 1832, in Regensburg) was a German Jesuit theologian and philosopher, and Bishop of Regensburg. Sailer was a major contributor to the Catholic Enlightenment. Biography Sailer was born ...
(1751–1832), Catholic theologian and bishop of Regensburg *
Franz Xaver Witt Franz Xaver Witt (February 9, 1834 – December 2, 1888) was a Catholic priest, church musician, and composer. He was a leading figure in the Cecilian movement for the reform of Catholic church music in the second half of the 19th century.Willia ...
(1834–1888), church musician, composer, reformer, founder of the German general Cecilia Association * Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1860–1946), diplomat, orientalist and archaeologist * Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921), writer *
Hans Carossa Hans Carossa (15 December 1878 in Bad Tölz, Kingdom of Bavaria – 12 September 1956 in Rittsteig near Passau) was a German novelist and poet, known mostly for his autobiographical novels, and his "innere Emigration" ( inner emigration) during ...
(1878–1956), doctor, known as a poet and writer of short stories * Gregor Strasser (1892–1934), National Socialist politician * Heinrich Himmler (1900–1945), National Socialist politician, head of the SS * Marlene Neubauer-Woerner (1918–2010), sculptress * Fritz Koenig (1924–2017), sculptor *
Heinz Winbeck Heinz Winbeck (11 February 1946 – 26 March 2019) was a German composer, conductor and academic teacher. He is known for five large-scale symphonies, which he programmatically subtitled, such as " Tu Solus" and " De Profundis". As a composition ...
(1946–2019), composer *
Erich Kühnhackl Erich Kühnhackl (born 17 October 1950) is a German former professional ice hockey player, born and raised in Czechoslovakia. He is one of the all-time greats of German ice hockey and was named Germany's ice hockey player of the 20th century in ...
(born 1950), ice hockey player * Tom Kühnhackl (born 1992), ice hockey player * David Elsner (born 1992), ice hockey player *
Herbert Hainer Herbert Hainer (born 3 July 1954) is a German businessman and the former CEO of Adidas-Group, as well as supervisory board chairman of the FC Bayern Munich AG. He is currently the president of the football club FC Bayern Munich. Education Hai ...
(born 1954), manager * Steffen Kummerer (born 1985), musician, guitarist of Obscura


Gallery

Iglesia de San Martín, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 18.JPG, The Cathedral of St. Martin with its bell tower Landshut st jodok.jpg, The Church of St. Jodok Iglesia de la Redención, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 04.JPG, Redemption church Landshuter Hochzeit 09.jpg, The Landshut Wedding and the Church of the Holy Spirit Iglesia del Espíritu Santo, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 02.JPG, Church of the Holy Ghost, Gothic porch Ländtor, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 01.JPG, The Ländtor Castillo Trausnitz, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 13.JPG, The Trausnitz Castle Landshut City View.jpg, Landshut city view Ayuntamiento, calle Altstadt, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 04.JPG, Town hall Calle Altstadt, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 09.JPG, Old town Calle Altstadt, Landshut, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 20.JPG, Alstadt St, the pedestrian area


See also

* Battle of Abensberg, occurred 20 April 1809 * Battle of Landshut, occurred 21 April 1809 *
Battle of Eckmühl The Battle of Eckmühl, fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under ...
, occurred 21–22 April 1809 *
Abensberg Abensberg () is a town in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, in Bavaria, Germany, lying around southwest of Regensburg, east of Ingolstadt, northwest of Landshut and north of Munich. It is situated on the river Abens, a tributary of t ...
* Eckmühl


References


External links

* * * http://www.landshut.de – Official website * http://www.fh-landshut.de/ {{Authority control 1204 establishments in Europe 1200s establishments in Germany