''Landammann'' (plural ''Landammänner''), is the German title used by the
chief magistrate
Chief magistrate is a public official, executive or judicial, whose office is the highest in its class. Historically, the two different meanings of magistrate have often overlapped and refer to, as the case may be, to a major political and admini ...
in certain
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland (german: Kanton; french: canton ; it, cantone; Sursilvan and Surmiran: ; Vallader and Puter: ; Sutsilvan: ; Rumantsch Grischun: ) are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swis ...
and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level.
Old Swiss Confederacy
''Landammann'' or ''Ammann'' was the elected judge and leader of the
Landsgemeinde
The ''Landsgemeinde'' ("cantonal assembly"; , plural ''Landsgemeinden'') is a public, non-secret ballot voting system operating by majority rule, which constitutes one of the oldest forms of direct democracy. Still at use – in a few places � ...
.
The term existed in the high medieval period, and was continued in the
Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy ( Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th centur ...
of the 14th to 18th centuries.
Napoleonic period
While before and after other titles, generally expressing precedence, were used, the title of the Head of State of the Swiss Confederation has been:
*Erster Landammann (in German)/ (in French) ''Premier Landamman'' 'First official of the country': 23 November 1801 - 6 February 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg (b. 1765 - d. 1818); he succeeded himself as the first under the new, shorter, non-distinctive title:
*''Landammänner/ Landammans'':
**6 February 1802 - 20 April 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg
**20 April 1802 - 5 July 1802 Vinzenz Rüttimann (acting) (b. 1769 - d. 1844)
**5 July 1802 - 8 March 1803 Johann Rudolf Dolder (b. 1753 - d. 1807)
**August 1802 - September 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg (again; now in rebellion)
*under French occupation, when emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte styled himself 'Mediator' (equivalent to his title
Protector in the German Confederatio of the Rhine) of the Swiss (at first Helvetic) Confederation, the actual Head of the Confederation was simply the chief magistrate of the canton hosting the
Swiss Diet (Helvetic confederal parliament), with the title Landammann der Schweiz (in German)/ Landamman de la Suisse (in French)/ Landamano della Svizzera (in Italian), usually for a year, 10 March 1803 - 31 December 1813
*
Louis d’Affry (Freiburg), 10 March – 31 December 1803 (1st time)
*
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl (Bern), 1804 (1st time)
*
Peter Glutz-Ruchti
Peter may refer to:
People
* List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name
* Peter (given name)
** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church
* Peter (surname), a su ...
(Solothurn), 1805
*
Andreas Merian (Basel), 1806
*
Hans von Reinhard (Zürich), 1807 (1st time)
*
Vinzenz Rüttimann
Vinzenz Rüttimann (20 May 1769 – 15 January 1844) was a leading Lucerne politician during the first half of the nineteenth century. He served as president of the Swiss Federal Assembly (''Tagsatzung'') during 1820 and again during 1826.
Li ...
(Luzern), 1808
*
Louis d’Affry (Freiburg), 1809 (2nd time)
*
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl (Bern), 1810 (2nd time)
*
Heinrich Daniel Balthasar Grimm von Wartenfels (Solothurn), 1811
*
Peter Burckhardt (Basel), 1812
*
Hans von Reinhard (Zürich), 1813 (2nd time)
Contemporary Switzerland
If the office is held by a woman, she is addressed as ''Frau Landammann'' (Ms. Landammann).
The French version is ''Landamman'' (plural ''Landammans''), the Italian ''Landamano'' (plural ''Landamani'')
Today, ''Landammann'' still is the title of the president of the cantonal executive in the following Swiss cantons :
*
Aargau
Aargau, more formally the Canton of Aargau (german: Kanton Aargau; rm, Chantun Argovia; french: Canton d'Argovie; it, Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capit ...
annual since 1831-32 (before: an ''
Amtsbürgermeister
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally "master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, master of the citizens") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief ...
)''
*
Appenzell Innerrhoden
Appenzell Innerrhoden (; in English sometimes Appenzell Inner-Rhodes) (german: Kanton Appenzell Innerrhoden rm, Chantun Appenzell Dadens; french: Canton d'Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures; it, Canton Appenzello Interno) is one of the 26 cantons ...
*
Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Appenzell Ausserrhoden (; in English sometimes Appenzell Outer Rhodes) (german: Kanton Appenzell Ausserrhoden; rm, Chantun Appenzell Dadora; french: Canton d'Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures; it, Canton Appenzello Esterno) is one of the 26 canton ...
*
Glarus
, neighboring_municipalities= Glarus Nord, Glarus Süd, Muotathal (SZ), Innerthal (SZ)
, twintowns= Wiesbaden-Biebrich (Germany)
}
Glarus (; gsw, Glaris; french: Glaris; it, Glarona; rm, Glaruna) is the capital of the canton of Glarus ...
*
Nidwalden
Nidwalden, also Nidwald (german: Kanton Nidwalden, ; rm, Chantun Sutsilvania; french: Canton de Nidwald; it, Canton Nidvaldo) is one of the Canton of Switzerland, 26 cantons forming the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven ...
*
Obwalden
Obwalden, also Obwald (german: Kanton Obwalden, rm, Chantun Sursilvania; french: Canton d'Obwald; it, Canton Obvaldo), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of seven municipalities and the seat of the gover ...
*
Schwyz
*
Solothurn
Solothurn ( , ; french: Soleure ; it, Soletta ; rm, ) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is located in the north-west of Switzerland on the banks of the Aare and on the foot of the Weissens ...
*
Uri
*
Zug
Some Swiss towns in those cantons use the equivalent title Stadtammann for the mayor.
See also
*
Amtmann
__NOTOC__
The ''Amtmann'' or ''Ammann'' (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff. He was the most seni ...
*
Reichsvogt
*
Vogt (Switzerland)
A '' Vogt'' (plural ''Vögte'') was a title and office in the Old Swiss Confederacy, inherited from the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, corresponding to the English '' reeve''. The German term ''Vogtei'' is ultimately a loan from Latin ...
References
*
WorldStatesmen Switzerland - choose also in the alphabetical groups of Cantons
Government of Switzerland
Gubernatorial titles
Heads of state
Heads of government
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