Lady Juliana (1777 ship)
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''Lady Juliana'' (also known as the ''Lady Julian''), was launched at
Whitby Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a maritime, mineral and tourist heritage. Its East Clif ...
in 1777. She
transported ''Transported'' is an Australian convict melodrama film directed by W. J. Lincoln. It is considered a lost film. Plot In England, Jessie Grey is about to marry Leonard Lincoln but the evil Harold Hawk tries to force her to marry him and she w ...
convict A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as " prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former conv ...
s in 1789 from England to Australia.


Career

The British government chartered ''Lady Juliana'' to transport female convicts. The government agent on board the ship was Lieutenant Thomas Edgar, who had sailed with James Cook on his last voyage. The surgeon was Richard Alley, who was apparently competent by the standards of the day, but made little attempt to maintain discipline. After a delay of six months ''Lady Juliana'' left Plymouth on 29 July 1789, and arrived at
Port Jackson Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea ...
on 6 June 1790. She took 309 days to reach Port Jackson, one of the slowest journeys made by a convict ship. One reason was that she called at
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and St Jago, and spent forty-five days at
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
, and nineteen days at the Cape of Good Hope. She carried 226 female convicts, five of whom died during the journey. Her steward, John Nicol, wrote an account of the voyage. He gives a fascinating account of the voyage and the convicts. Most of these were
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prostitutes, but there were some hardened criminals – thieves, receivers of stolen goods, shoplifters - among them. ''Lady Juliana'' gained the reputation for being a floating brothel. Nicol recalled that "when we were fairly out to sea, every man on board took a wife from among the convicts, they nothing loath." At the ports of call seamen from other ships were freely entertained, and the officers made no attempt to suppress this licentious activity. No provision had been made to set the convicts to any productive work during the voyage, and they were reported to be noisy and unruly, with a fondness for liquor and for fighting amongst themselves. The low death rate during the voyage was due to Edgar and Alley's care. Rations were properly issued, the vessel kept clean and fumigated, the women were given free access to the deck, and supplies of fresh food were obtained at the ports of call. This treatment was in sharp contrast to that meted out on the infamous Second Fleet. When ''Lady Juliana'' arrived at Port Jackson she was the first vessel to arrive at Port Jackson since the First Fleet's arrival almost two and a half years before. With the colony in the grip of starvation, and with having been wrecked at Norfolk Island, Judge Advocate David Collins was mortified at the arrival of "a cargo so unnecessary and so unprofitable as 222 females, instead of a cargo of provisions". Lieutenant Ralph Clark was more blunt, lamenting the arrival of still more "damned whores". The ship carried letters bringing the first news of events in Europe to the settlement since the First Fleet had sailed in May 1787. Two weeks later the storeship arrived, followed a week later by the three ships of the Second Fleet with their shameful cargo of starved and maltreated convicts. Because ''Lady Juliana'' was the first ship to arrive after the First Fleet, some consider her part of the Second Fleet, but some do not. A transportation register can be seen at the
UK National Archives , type = Non-ministerial department , seal = , nativename = , logo = Logo_of_The_National_Archives_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg , logo_width = 150px , logo_caption = , formed = , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , juris ...
. After repairs to her strained timbers, ''Lady Juliana'' sailed for China on 25 July 1790 to take on a cargo of tea for the
East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and South ...
. She arrived in England on 26 October 1791.


Fate

''Lady Juliana'' was last listed in ''
Lloyd's Register Lloyd's Register Group Limited (LR) is a technical and professional services organisation and a maritime classification society, wholly owned by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, a UK charity dedicated to research and education in science and ...
'' in 1829 trading with the Baltic. She was last listed in the ''Register of Shipping'' in 1832 with Smith, master, J. Henly, owner, and trade Belfast—Quebec.


Notable convicts aboard ''Lady Juliana''

* Mary Wade - Mary was transported at 13 years of age, and at the time of her death at age 84, had about 150 living descendants. * Elizabeth Steel - Elizabeth is historically recorded as the first deaf Australian. Her headstone was discovered in 1991. * Mary Pardoe - Mary gave birth to Ann (fathered by Edward Scott, sailor aboard ''Lady Juliana'') in March 1790 while making the journey to Australia. This child was the youngest person on board ''Lady Juliana'' when she arrived at Port Jackson. * Elizabeth Parry - Elizabeth was the first female convict emancipated. She married first fleet convict, and farmer James Ruse. Together they grew the first successful crop. * Sarah Dorset - gave birth to a son named Edward Powell on the voyage to Australia. The father, also Edward Powell, was a crew member. Upon arrival in Sydney, Sarah was sent to Norfolk Island where she had two children with Robert Watson. In 1801 Watson was granted a lease at South Head in the area that was named
Watsons Bay Watsons Bay is a harbourside, eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Watsons Bay is located 11 km north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Woollahra. ...
.


Citations


References

* * * Nicol, John, ''John Nicol, Mariner: Life and Adventures 1776-1801'', Melbourne, Text Publishing, 1997. * Rees, Sian, ''The Floating Brothel'', Sydney, Hodder, 2001. *


External links

{{Commons cat, Lady Juliana (ship, 1777), Lady Juliana (1777 ship)
Voyage of the Courtesans
Documentary produced by the
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Series
Secrets of the Dead ''Secrets of the Dead'', produced by WNET 13 New York, is an ongoing PBS television series which began in 2000. The show generally follows an investigator or team of investigators exploring what modern science can tell us about some of the great ...

"Convicts to Australia - Lady Juliana 1790"







The Second Fleet Transports - Lady Juliana



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