Léon Guignard
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Jean Louis Léon Guignard (13 April 1852 in Mont-sous-Vaudrey – 7 March 1928 in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
) was a French
pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English, is a healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of medications in ...
and
botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
. In 1882 he received his doctorate of sciences in Paris, and afterwards served as a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences of Lyon. In 1887, he succeeded Gaspard Adolphe Chatin as chair of botany at the Ecole Supérieure de Pharmacie in Paris. From 1900 to 1910 he was dean to the faculty of pharmacy.Guignard, Léon
Société d'Histoire de la Pharmacie
In 1899 he was named president of the
Académie des sciences The French Academy of Sciences (, ) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French Scientific method, scientific research. It was at the forefron ...
. He was also a member of the Société de biologie (from 1888), the Académie de Médecine (from 1897) and the
Académie d'Agriculture The Académie d'agriculture de France (, AAF) is a voluntary association aiming to contribute to the evolution of agriculture and rural life in the scientific, technical, economic, judicial, legal, social and cultural fields. It is the successor ...
(from 1915). In 1920 he was chosen a commander in the
Legion d'Honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was ...
. Along with biologist from Kyiv
Sergei Navashin Sergei Gavrilovich Navashin (; 14 December 1857 – 10 December 1930) was a Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russia ...
, he is credited as the co-discoverer of
double fertilization Double fertilization or double fertilisation (see spelling differences) is a complex fertilization mechanism of angiosperms. This process involves the fusion of a female gametophyte or megagametophyte, also called the embryonic sac, with two m ...
in
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s. The two men made their discoveries independent of each other, Navashin in 1898 and Guignard in 1899. He also introduced a new method for detecting the presence of hydrocyanic acid in plants. In addition, he conducted significant research on the origin and structure of
integument In biology, an integument is the tissue surrounding an organism's body or an organ within, such as skin, a husk, Exoskeleton, shell, germ or Peel (fruit), rind. Etymology The term is derived from ''integumentum'', which is Latin for "a coverin ...
s for a large number of seeds. In 1892, botanists Pierre Viala and Louis Etienne Ravaz published '' Guignardia'',which is a genus of
fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family Botryosphaeriaceae and named in Guignard's honour.


Selected works

* ''Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur l'embryogénie des légumineuses'', 1881 – Anatomical and physiological research on the
embryology Embryology (from Ancient Greek, Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, ''-logy, -logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the Prenatal development (biology), prenatal development of gametes (sex ...
of legumes. * ''Recherches sur le sac embryonnaire des phanérogames angiospermes'', 1882 – Research on the embryonic sac of
angiosperm Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit ...
s. * ''Sur la division du noyau cellulaire chez les végétaux'', 1883 – On the
cell nucleus The cell nucleus (; : nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryote, eukaryotic cell (biology), cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have #Anucleated_cells, ...
division in plants. * ''Nouvelles observations sur la structure et la division du noyau cellulaire'', 1884 – New observations on the structure and the division of the cell nucleus. * ''Sur les organes reproducteurs des hybrides végétaux'', 1886 – On the reproductive organs of plant hybrids. * ''Sur les effets de la pollinisation chez les orchidées'', 1886 – The effects of pollination in
orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...
s. * ''Observations sur l'appareil mucifère des Laminariacées'', 1892 – On the muciferous apparatus in
Laminariaceae Laminariaceae is a Family (biology), family of brown algal seaweeds, many genera of which are popularly called "kelp". The table indicates the genera within this family. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2006). AlgaeBase version 4.2. World-wide electron ...
. * ''Recherches sur le développement de la graine et en particulier du tégument séminal'', 1893 – Research on the development of seeds, in particular the
seed coat In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds are the ...
. * ''L'origine des sphères directrices'', 1894 – The origin of director spheres. * ''Les découvertes récentes sur la fécondation chez les végétaux angiospermes'', 1899 – Recent discoveries on fertilization in angiosperms. * ''Sur les anthérozoides et la double copulation sexuelle chez les végétaux angiospermes'', 1899 – On antherozoids and double copulation in angiosperms. * ''La double fécondation chez les renonculacées'', 1901 – Double fertilization in
buttercup ''Ranunculus'' is a large genus of about 1750 species of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Members of the genus are known as buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots. The genus is distributed worldwide, primarily in temperate an ...
s. * ''Sur la double fécondation chez les solanées et les gentiancées'', 1901 – Double fertilization in
Solanaceae Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...
and Gentianaceae. * ''Le haricot a acide cyanhydrique (Phaseolus lunatus)'', 1906 – A bean containing hydrocyanic acid ('' Phaseolus lunatus''). * ''L'ovule chez les Apocynacées et Asclépiadacées'', 1910 – The ovule in
Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (, from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Notable mem ...
and
Asclepiadoideae The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, it was treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial herbs, twinin ...
.HathiTrust Digital Library
published works


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guignard, Leon 1852 births 1928 deaths People from Jura (department) Academic staff of the University of Lyon 19th-century French botanists French pharmacists Plant physiologists 20th-century French botanists