This is an incomplete list of

Early Netherlandish painters Early may refer to: Places in the United States * Early, Iowa, a city * Early, Texas, a city * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri * Early County, Georgia * Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort Music * Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...

, referring to artists active in the Burgundian and

Habsburg Netherlands Habsburg Netherlands were the parts of the Low Countries that were ruled by sovereigns of the Holy Roman Empire's House of Habsburg. This rule began in 1482 and ended for the Northern Netherlands in 1581 and for the Southern Netherlands in 1797. ...

during the 15th- and 16th-century

Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps, developing later than the Italian Renaissance, and in most respects only beginning in the last years of the 15th century. It took different forms in the vari ...

period, once known as the Flemish Primitives.A term now obsolete in English, but the French and Dutch equivalents are still used It flourished especially in the cities of

Bruges Bruges ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders, in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is in the northwest of the country, and is the sixth most populous city in the country. The area of the whole city amoun ...

Ghent Ghent ( ; ; historically known as ''Gaunt'' in English) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium, province ...

Mechelen Mechelen (; ; historically known as ''Mechlin'' in EnglishMechelen has been known in English as ''Mechlin'', from where the adjective ''Mechlinian'' is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical context. T ...

Leuven Leuven (, , ), also called Louvain (, , ), is the capital and largest City status in Belgium, city of the Provinces of Belgium, province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipalit ...

Tournai Tournai ( , ; ; ; , sometimes Anglicisation (linguistics), anglicised in older sources as "Tournay") is a city and Municipalities in Belgium, municipality of Wallonia located in the Hainaut Province, Province of Hainaut, Belgium. It lies by ...

and

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

, all in present-day

Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...

. The period begins approximately with Robert Campin and

Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck ( ; ; – 9 July 1441) was a Flemish people, Flemish painter active in Bruges who was one of the early innovators of what became known as Early Netherlandish painting, and one of the most significant representatives of Early Nort ...

in the 1420s and lasts at least until the death of Gerard David in 1523,Spronk (1996), 7 although many scholars extend it to the start of the

Dutch Revolt The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (; 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, centralisation, exc ...

in 1566 or 1568– Max J. Friedländer's acclaimed surveys run through

Pieter Bruegel the Elder Pieter Bruegel (also Brueghel or Breughel) the Elder ( , ; ; – 9 September 1569) was among the most significant artists of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, a painter and printmaking, printmaker, known for his landscape art, landscape ...

. Early Netherlandish painting coincides with the Early and High

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( ) was a period in History of Italy, Italian history between the 14th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Western Europe and marked t ...

, but the early period (until about 1500) is seen as an independent artistic evolution, separate from the Renaissance humanism that characterised developments in Italy. Beginning in the 1490s, as increasing numbers of Netherlandish and other Northern painters traveled to Italy,

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

ideals and painting styles were incorporated into northern painting. As a result, Early Netherlandish painters are often categorised as belonging to both the Northern Renaissance and the Late or

International Gothic International Gothic is a period of Gothic art that began in Burgundy, France, and northern Italy in the late 14th and early 15th century. It then spread very widely across Western Europe, hence the name for the period, which was introduced by the ...

Artists

* Jean Malouel (died 1415) *

Hubert van Eyck Hubert van Eyck (; – 18 September 1426) was an Early Netherlandish painter and older brother of Jan van Eyck, as well as Lambert and Margareta, also painters. The absence of any single work that he can clearly be said to have completed contin ...

(c. 1385–1426) * Robert Campin, also called Master of Flemalle (1378–1444) *

Henri Bellechose Henri Bellechose (''floruit, fl.'' 1415; died before 28 January 1445) was a painter from the Netherlands, South Netherlands. He was one of the most significant Gothic art#Gothic artists, artists at the beginning of panel painting in Northern Europe ...

(died ) *

(c. 1390–1441) * Dirk Bouts (c. 1400/1415–1475) *

Rogier van der Weyden Rogier van der Weyden (; 1399 or 140018 June 1464), initially known as Roger de le Pasture (), was an Early Netherlandish painting, early Netherlandish painter whose surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs, altarpieces, and commis ...

(c. 1399/1400–1464) *

Petrus Christus Petrus Christus (; 1410/1420 – c. 1475/1476) was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges from 1444, where, along with Hans Memling, he became the leading painter after the death of Jan van Eyck. He was influenced by van Eyck and R ...

(c. 1410/1420–1475/1476) * Joos van Wassenhove also called Justus of Ghent (c. 1410–1480), later one of the few Northern artists who worked in Italy *

Jacques Daret Jacques Daret (c. 1404 – c. 1470) was an Early Netherlandish painting, Early Netherlandish painter born in Tournai (Doornik; now in Belgium), where he would spend much of his life. Daret spent 15 years as a pupil in the studio of Robert Campin ...

(c. 1404–1470) * Barthélemy d'Eyck (c. 1420–1470), worked in Southern France * Vrancke van der Stockt (c. 1420–1495) * Simon Marmion (c. 1425–1489) *

Hans Memling Hans Memling (also spelled Memlinc; – 11 August 1494) was a German-Flemish people, Flemish painter who worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting. Born in the Middle Rhine region, he probably spent his childhood in Mainz. During ...

(c. 1430–1494), born in Germany *

Hugo van der Goes Hugo van der Goes ( – 1482) was a Flemish painter who was one of the most significant and original Early Netherlandish painters of the late 15th century. Van der Goes was an important painter of altarpieces as well as portraits. He introduced i ...

(1440–1482) *

Hieronymus Bosch Hieronymus Bosch (; ; born Jheronimus van Aken ; – 9 August 1516) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter from Duchy of Brabant, Brabant. He is one of the most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school. His work, gene ...

(c. 1450–1516) * Gerard David (c. 1460–1523) * Jan Joest van Calcar (c. 1450–1519) * Albert van Ouwater (1444–1515) *

Michael Sittow Michael Sittow ( 1469 – 1525), also known as Master Michiel, Michel Sittow, Michiel, Miguel, and several other variants, was a painter from Reval (Tallinn), now capital of Estonia, who was trained in the tradition of Early Netherlandish pain ...

(c. 1469–1525), born in Estonia, worked in Flanders and Spain, possibly visiting England * Quentin Matsys (1466–1529) * Juan de Flandes (c. 1460–c. 1519), born in Flanders, active in Spain * Geertgen tot Sint Jans (c. 1460–1490) * Joachim Patinir (c. 1480–1524), the first specialist landscape painter * Jean Hey, also called Master of Moulins (active 1480–1500) * Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy (active 1480–1510) * Master of the Embroidered Foliage (active 1480–1510) * Master of the Holy Blood (c. 1500–1525)

References

Sources

* Ainsworth, Maryan. "Religious Painting from 1500 to 1550". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), ''From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art''. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998b. * Borchert, Till-Holger. ''Van Eyck to Dürer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish painting on European Art, 1430–1530''. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. * Campbell, Lorne. ''The Fifteenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings''. London: National Gallery, 1998. * Friedländer, Max J. ''From Van Eyck to Bruegel''. (First pub. in German, 1916), London: Phaidon, 1981. * Harbison, Craig. "The Art of the Northern Renaissance". London: Laurence King Publishing, 1995. * Nash, Susie. ''Northern Renaissance art''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. * Pächt, Otto. ''Early Netherlandish Painting from Rogier van der Weyden to Gerard David''. New York: Harvey Miller, 1997. * Spronk, Ron. "More than Meets the Eye: An Introduction to Technical Examination of Early Netherlandish Paintings at the Fogg Art Museum". ''Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin'', Volume 5, No. 1, Autumn 1996 {{Early Netherlandish painting . Early Netherlandish * Early Netherlandish art Early Netherlandish painting Flemish art 15th-century painters 16th-century painters