''Limosilactobacillus'' is a
thermophilic
A thermophile is a type of extremophile that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though some of them are bacteria and fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bact ...
and heterofermentative
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
lactic acid bacteria
Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical ( cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bact ...
created in 2020 by splitting from ''
Lactobacillus
''Lactobacillus'' is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus ''Lactobacillus'' comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically div ...
''.
The name is derived from the Latin "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce
exopolysaccharides from sucrose.
The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals. ''Limosilactobacillus reuteri'' has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations. ''Limosilactobacillus fermentum'' is an exception as this species is not considered host adapted but nomadic ''Lm. reuteri'', ''Limosilactobacillus pontis'' and other limosilactobacilli occur frequently in back-slopped cereal fermentations while ''Lm. fermentum'' reliably occurs in spontaneous cereal fermentations. ''Lm. reuteri'' and ''Lm. fermentum'' also have been successfully applied as probiotics
Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO
2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of ''Lm. reuteri'' convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or
propanol
There are two isomers of propanol.
* 1-Propanol, ''n''-propanol, or propan-1-ol: CH3CH2CH2OH, the most common meaning
*2-Propanol, isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol, or propan-2-ol: (CH3)2CHOH
See also
* Propanal (propionaldehyde) differs in spel ...
, respectively. Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, the standard medium for cultivation of lactobacilli. Addition of maltose, cysteine and fructose to MRS is usually sufficient for cultivation of limosilactobacilli although some species, e.g. ''Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus'', require special cultivation media.
Species
The genus ''Limosilactobacillus'' comprises the following species:
* ''
Limosilactobacillus agrestis''
Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus albertensis''
Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus alvi''
Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus antri''
(Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus balticus''
Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus caviae''
(Killer ''et al''. 2017) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus coleohominis''
(Nikolaitchouk ''et al''. 2001) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi''
(Endo ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus''
Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus fermentum''
(Beijerinck 1901) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus frumenti''
(Müller ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus gastricus''
(Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus gorillae''
(Tsuchida ''et al''. 2014) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus ingluviei''
(Baele ''et al''. 2003) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus mucosae''
(Roos ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus oris''
(Farrow and Collins 1988) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus panis''
(Wiese ''et al''. 1996) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus pontis''
(Vogel ''et al''. 1994) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus portuensis''
Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus reuteri''
(Kandler ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus rudii''
Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus''
(Ehrmann ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''
Limosilactobacillus urinaemulieris''
Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis''
(Embley ''et al''. 1989) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
The following species are effectively but not validly described:
''Limosilactobacillus walteri'' (Sahora ''et al''. 2023)
''Limosilactobacillus allomucosae'' (Chen ''et al..'' 2024)
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclatu ...
and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.
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References
{{Authority control
Lactobacillaceae
Food science
Gut flora bacteria
Garde manger
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria genera