Lillian Fuchs (November 18, 1901 – October 5, 1995) was an American violist, teacher and composer. She is considered to be among the finest instrumentalists of her time. She came from a musical family, and her brothers,

Joseph Fuchs Joseph Philip Fuchs (April 26, 1899 or 1900 – March 14, 1997) was one of the most important American violinists and teachers of the 20th century, and the brother of Lillian Fuchs. Born in New York, he graduated in 1918 from the Institute of Mu ...

, a violinist, and Harry Fuchs, a cellist, performed with her on various recordings.

Early life and education

Born into a musical family in New York City, Lillian Fuchs's brothers were violinist

and cellist Harry Fuchs. She began her musical studies as a pianist, later studying violin with her father and afterwards with

Franz Kneisel Franz Kneisel (January 26, 1865, Bucharest – March 26, 1926, New York) was a violinist, conductor, and music teacher. He completed early musical training at the Bucharest Conservatory and moved to Vienna in 1879, where he studied at the Vienna ...

(former concertmaster of the

Boston Symphony Orchestra The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American orchestra based in Boston. It is the second-oldest of the five major American symphony orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five (orchestras), Big Five". Founded by Henry Lee Higginson in ...

and first violinist of the

Kneisel Quartet The Kneisel Quartet was a string quartet founded in 1885 by violinist Franz Kneisel, then concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It continued to perform until 1917, and was generally considered the leading string quartet of its time in ...

) at the Institute of Musical Art, now the

Juilliard School The Juilliard School ( ) is a Private university, private performing arts music school, conservatory in New York City. Founded by Frank Damrosch as the Institute of Musical Art in 1905, the school later added dance and drama programs and became ...

. She also studied music composition with

Percy Goetschius Percy Goetschius (August 10, 1853 – October 29, 1943) was an American composer, music theorist, and teacher who won international fame in the teaching of composition and music theory. Career Goetschius was born in Paterson, New Jersey. As a y ...

at that institution.

Career

Fuchs enjoyed a distinguished teaching career at the

Manhattan School of Music The Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music. Such an institution can also be known as a school of music, music a ...

, the

Aspen Music Festival and School The Aspen Music Festival and School (AMFS) is a European classical music, classical music festival held annually in Aspen, Colorado. It is noted both for its concert programming and the musical training it offers to mostly young-adult music stu ...

, and the Blue Hill Music School, which she founded with her brother Joseph. Martha Strongin Katz, James Wendell Griffith, Geraldine Walther, Lawrence Dutton and Yizhak Schotten were her students. Her books of etudes for the viola (''Twelve Caprices for Viola'', ''Fifteen Characteristic Studies for Viola'', and ''Sixteen Fantasy Etudes'') are in standard use today in universities and music schools around the world, and were much appreciated by the great Scottish violist,

William Primrose William Primrose (23 August 19041 May 1982) was a Scottish violist and teacher. He performed with the London String Quartet from 1930 to 1935. He then joined the NBC Symphony Orchestra where he formed the Primrose Quartet. He performed in v ...

. She also composed a ''Sonata Pastorale'' for solo viola. She performed many standard and non-standard pieces in the viola repertoire, including significant 20th century works. Fuchs was known for her warm, beautiful tone, expert musicianship and technical mastery. She owned a fine instrument made by

Matteo Goffriller Matteo Goffriller (1659–1742) was a Venetian luthier, particularly noted for the quality of his cellos. He was active between 1685–1735 and was the founder of the " Venetian School" of luthiers, during a time when Venice was one of the most i ...

(1659–1742) and was the lifelong custodian of another lovely viola, darker in tone, by

Gasparo da Salò Gasparo da Salò (20 May 154214 April 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player. Around 80 of his instruments are known to have survived to the present day: violins (sma ...

(1540–1609). She played with a bow made by the English bow maker, John Dodd (1752–1839), which sold in May 2014 for $22,800 at

Tarisio Auctions Tarisio is the world's largest seller of fine stringed instruments and bows. Founded in 1999 as an auction house that specializes in string instruments and bows, Tarisio now has locations in New York, London and Berlin and serves a global clientel ...

. Dodd bows are often shorter than other viola bows, a quality Fuchs prized for the greater control it permitted and also for its sheer practicality, since she was of diminutive stature. She used a gut 'A'

string String or strings may refer to: *String (structure), a long flexible structure made from threads twisted together, which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Strings'' (1991 film), a Canadian anim ...

, considering it a sacrilege to use a metal 'A' string on an old Italian instrument. Both of her violas were about 16 inches in size, and both were also passed on to Lillian's granddaughter, Jeanne Abby Mallow. Lillian Fuchs made her New York début on the violin in 1926, but soon switched to viola at the urging of

(she was once heard to say, much to the great surprise of the auditors present, that it had never been her idea to play the viola, as she considered the instrument to be too big for her!). She thereafter was a founding member of the

Perolé Quartet The Perolé Quartet was a respected American string quartet of the interwar period; the founding members were violinists Joseph Coleman (violinist), Joseph Coleman and David Mankovitz, violist Lillian Fuchs, and cellist Julian Kahn. Other musicians ...

, playing viola with this ensemble from 1925 to 1945. She collaborated with the Budapest and Amadeus String Quartets (see below) and often appeared in performance with her brothers Joseph, a violinist and Harry, a cellist. Later, she formed the Lillian Fuchs Trio with her twin daughters.Sandra Robbin
Lillian Fuchs
Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. (Jewish Women's Archive, 1999) She played in a number of chamber groups, notably the Musicians Guild, and appeared as a soloist with major orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic and the Casals Festival Orchestra. In 1947,

Bohuslav Martinů Bohuslav Jan Martinů (; December 8, 1890 – August 28, 1959) was a Czech composer of modern classical music. He wrote 6 symphony, symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and a large body of orchestral, chamber music, chamber, vocal and ins ...

composed and dedicated his 'Madrigals' for violin and viola to Lillian and Joseph Fuchs after hearing them perform the Mozart Duos at Town Hall in New York City. A renowned teacher of viola, Fuchs was also an important teacher of chamber music, counting among her pupils

Isaac Stern Isaac Stern (July 21, 1920 – September 22, 2001) was an American violinist. Born in Ukraine, Stern moved to the United States when he was 14 months old. Stern performed both nationally and internationally, notably touring the Soviet Union a ...

Pinchas Zukerman Pinchas Zukerman (; born 16 July 1948) is an Israeli-American violinist, violist and conductor. Life and career Zukerman was born in Tel Aviv, to Jewish parents and Holocaust survivors Yehuda and Miriam Lieberman Zukerman. He began his musica ...

Dorothy DeLay Dorothy DeLay (March 31, 1917 – March 24, 2002) was an American violin teacher, instructor, primarily at the Juilliard School, Sarah Lawrence College, and the University of Cincinnati. Life Dorothy DeLay was born on March 31, 1917, in Medic ...

, Rosemary Glyde, and many others. Lillian Fuchs's influence can be seen in her two daughters, Barbara Stein Mallow, cellist, Carol Stein Amado (deceased), violinist, her granddaughter, Jeanne Abby Mallow, violist and violinist, and grandson, David Amado, conductor.

Recordings

Most of her

vinyl Vinyl may refer to: Chemistry * Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a particular vinyl polymer * Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation * Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry * Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl ...

recordings are now collector's items. Many can be found on

EBay eBay Inc. ( , often stylized as ebay) is an American multinational e-commerce company based in San Jose, California, that allows users to buy or view items via retail sales through online marketplaces and websites in 190 markets worldwide. ...

, but are otherwise unavailable commercially. DoReMi Records has recently re-released a CD version of her 1950's recordings of the

Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety of instruments and forms, including the or ...

Cello Suites The six Cello Suites, BWV 1007–1012, are suites for unaccompanied cello by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). They are some of the most frequently performed solo compositions ever written for cello. Bach most likely composed them during the p ...

. Her interpretation of the sixth suite (originally written for a five stringed instrument, the

viola pomposa __NOTOC__ The viola pomposa (also known as the violino pomposo) is a five-stringed Viola developed around 1725. There are no exact dimensions applicable to all instruments used under this name, although in general the pomposa is slightly wider th ...

) made such an impression on

Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals,Matteo Goffriller Matteo Goffriller (1659–1742) was a Venetian luthier, particularly noted for the quality of his cellos. He was active between 1685–1735 and was the founder of the " Venetian School" of luthiers, during a time when Venice was one of the most i ...

viola in recording all 6 suites. The microphone was placed under her instrument due to the amazing resonance. A complete list of her studio recordings (issued and unissued) and a partial list of archive recordings : *

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...

Complete Cello Suites. Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Doremi CD DHR-7801) *

Suite No. 1 in G major, Suite No. 3 in C major. Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 9914) *

Suite No. 6 in D major, Suite No. 2 in d minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 9544) *

Suite No. 4 in E♭ major, Suite No. 5 in c minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 9660) *

Suite No. 2 in d minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association (in the sound archives of the Harvard Musical Association) *

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

Serenade in D major for Flute, Violin, and Viola, Op. 25.

Julius Baker Julius Baker (September 23, 1915 – August 6, 2003) was one of the foremost American orchestral flute players. During the course of five decades he concertized with several of America's premier orchestral ensembles including the Chicago Symp ...

, flute,

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 9574) *

Serenade in D major for Violin, Viola, and Cello, Op. 8.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola,

Leonard Rose Leonard Joseph Rose (July 27, 1918 – November 16, 1984) was an American cellist and pedagogue. Biography Rose was born in Washington, D.C. His parents were Jewish immigrants, his father from Bragin, Belarus, and his mother from Kyiv, ...

, cello. (Decca LP DL 7506) *

String Quintet in C major, op. 29. Toshiya Eto, Lea Foli, violins; Lillian Fuchs, Rolf Persinger, violas; Leopold Teraspulsky, cello. Recorded on July 21, 1967 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

Trio in c minor, Op. 9, No. 3.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello. (Decca LP DL 9574) *

Hector Berlioz Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic music, Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the ''Symphonie fantastique'' and ''Harold en Italie, Harold in Italy'' ...

Harold en Italie (''Harold in Italy, symphony with viola obbligato''), as the manuscript describes it, is a four-movement orchestral work by Hector Berlioz, his Opus 16, H. 68, written in 1834. Throughout, the unusual viola part represents the titular protago ...

. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on February 20, 1968 with the National Orchestral Association, John Manley Barnett, conductor (see

Léon Barzin Léon Eugene Barzin (November 27, 1900April 29, 1999) was a Belgian-born American conductor and founder of the National Orchestral Association (NOA), the oldest surviving training orchestra in the United States. Barzin was also the founding mu ...

). National Orchestral Association collection of rehearsal and concert recordings (1938–1968) at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound (New York Public Library for the Performing Arts) *

Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period (music), Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, oft ...

Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, op. 25.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello,

Artur Balsam Artur Balsam (February 8, 1906 – September 1, 1994) was a Polish-born American classical pianist and pedagogue. Biography He was born in Warsaw, Poland, and studied in Łódź, making his debut there at the age of 12 then enrolled at the Berlin ...

, piano. (recorded on September 28–30, 1953 - Unissued recording. A limited number of private pressings were made.) *

Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, op. 25. Jeaneane Dowis, piano,

Sidney Harth Sidney Harth (5 October 1925 in Cleveland – 15 February 2011 in Pittsburgh) was an American violinist and conductor. Education Harth was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from the Cleveland Institute of Music and studied with Joseph Fuchs, ...

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Leopold Teraspulsky, cello. Recorded on August 14, 1972 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

Piano Quartet No. 2 in A major, op. 26.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello,

, piano. (recorded on October 1 and 2, 1953 - Unissued recording. A limited number of private pressings were made.) *

Piano Quartet No. 3 in c minor, op. 60.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello,

, piano. (recorded on October 4, 1955 - Unissued recording. A limited number of private pressings were made.) *

String Quintet in G major, op. 111. Netherlands String Quartet (Nap De Klijn, Jaap Schröder Violins; Paul Godwin Viola, Carel Van Leeuwen, Cello) & Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded July 13, 1966 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

String Sextet in G major, op. 36.

, Teresa Harth, violins; Lillian Fuchs, Abraham Skernick, violas;

Zara Nelsova Zara Nelsova (December 23, 1918October 10, 2002) was a prominent cellist. Biography Nelsova was born as Sara Katznelson in Winnipeg, Canada, to parents of Jewish-Russian descent. Nelsova first performed at the age of five in Winnipeg. She eventua ...

, Leopold Teraspulsky, cellos. Recorded on August July 24, 1965 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

Sonata in F minor for viola & piano Op.120 no. 1. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association (in the sound archives of the Harvard Musical Association) *

Claude Debussy Achille Claude Debussy (; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionism in music, Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most influe ...

Sonata for Flute, Viola, and Harp.

, flute, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Laura Newell, harp. (Decca LP DL 9777) *

Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ; ; 8September 18411May 1904) was a Czech composer. He frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic-era nationalist example of his predec ...

Piano Quartet in E-flat major, op. 87.

Donald Weilerstein Donald Weilerstein (born 1940) is an American violinist and pedagogue. Early life and education Weilerstein was born in Washington, D.C., and raised in Berkeley, California. He began playing the violin at the age of four and earned a Bachelor ...

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Laszlo Varga, cello,

Rudolf Firkušný Rudolf Firkušný (; 11 February 191219 July 1994) was a Moravians, Moravian-born, Moravian-American classical pianist. Life Born in the Moravian town of Napajedla, Firkušný started his musical studies with the composers Leoš Janáček an ...

, piano. Recorded on June 28, 1976 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) * William Flackton Sonata in G major for Viola. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association (in the sound archives of the Harvard Musical Association) * Lillian Fuchs Sonata Pastorale. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on January 2, 4 & 17 1957. (Decca LP MG5414/5) *

Three Madrigals for Violin and Viola.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 8510) *

Rhapsodie-Concerto. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on March 6, 1962 with the National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, conductor. National Orchestral Association collection of rehearsal and concert recordings (1938–1968) at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound (New York Public Library for the Performing Arts) *

Viola Sonata. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on February 4, 1957. (Decca LP MG5414/5) * Jacques de Menasce Sonata for Viola and Piano (1955). Lillian Fuchs, viola,

, piano. (Decca LP MG5414/5 and CRI LP CRI 154) * Jacques de Menasce Sonata for Viola and Piano (1955). Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association (in the sound archives of the Harvard Musical Association) *

Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (, ; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as ''The Group of Six''—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His composition ...

Sonata no. 1 for viola & piano (1944). Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association (in the sound archives of the Harvard Musical Association) *

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...

Divertimento for String Trio in Eb, K.563.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola,

Paul Tortelier Paul Tortelier (21 March 1914 – 18 December 1990) was a French cellist and composer. After an outstanding student career at the Conservatoire de Paris he played in orchestras in France and the US before the Second World War. After the war he bec ...

, cello. (Koch CD 3-7004-2) *

Duos for Violin and Viola, K423, K.424.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Columbia LP MS 6292/ML 5692) *

Duo No. 2 in Bb, K.424.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola. (Decca LP DL 8510) *

Piano Quartet in E-flat major, K. 493. Robert Mann, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Leopold Teraspulsky, cello, Claude Frank, piano. Recorded on July 28, 1973 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

String Quintet in C major, K.515

Amadeus Quartet The Amadeus Quartet was a string quartet founded in 1947 and disbanded in 1987, having retained its founding members throughout its history. Noted for its smooth, sophisticated style, its seamless ensemble playing, and its sensitive interpretat ...

(

Norbert Brainin Norbert Brainin, OBE (12 March 1923 in Vienna – 10 April 2005 in London) was the first violinist of the Amadeus Quartet, one of the world's most highly regarded string quartets. Because of Brainin's Jewish origin, he was driven out of Vienna ...

Siegmund Nissel Siegmund Walter "Sigi" Nissel (3 January 1922 – 21 May 2008) was an Austrian-born British violinist who played second violin in the Amadeus Quartet and served as its administrator. Sigi Nissel was born in Munich to a Jewish family from Vienn ...

Peter Schidlof Peter Schidlof (born Hans Schidlof; 9 July 1922 – 16 August 1987) was an Austrian-British violist and co-founder of the Amadeus Quartet. Life and career Born in Göllersdorf near Vienna, Schidlof fled Austria for England following the Nazi An ...

Martin Lovett Martin Lovett (3 March 1927 – 29 April 2020) was an English cellist, best known for his work for 40 years with the Amadeus Quartet, one of the leading string quartets at the time. Life and career Lovett was born in Stoke Newington (nor ...

) & Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on July 14, 1965 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado) *

Trio in Eb for Clarinet, Viola, and Piano, K498 "Kegelstatt".

Reginald Kell Reginald Clifford Kell (8 June 19065 August 1981) was an English clarinettist. He was noted especially for his career as a soloist and chamber music player. He was the principal clarinettist in leading British orchestras, including the London ...

, clarinet, Lillian Fuchs, viola,

Mieczysław Horszowski Mieczysław Horszowski (June 23, 1892May 22, 1993) was a Polish and American pianist who had one of the longest careers in the history of the performing arts. Life Early life Horszowski was born in Lwów (Lemberg), Kingdom of Galicia and Lodome ...

, piano. (Decca LP 9543, Deutsche Grammophon CD 000480602) *

Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Aeterna Chamber Orchestra, Frederic Waldman, conductor. (Decca LP DL 710037) *

Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Zimbler Sinfonietta. (Deutsche Grammophon LP LPE 17 124) *

Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K365.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Prades Festival Orchestra,

Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals,Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...

Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364.

, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, New York Philharmonic Orchestra,

Rafael Kubelik Rafael may refer to: * Rafael (given name) or Raphael, a name of Hebrew origin * Rafael, California Fiction * ''Rafael'' (TV series), a Mexican telenovela * ''Rafaël'' (film), a 2018 Dutch film People * Rafael (footballer, born 1978) ( ...

, conductor. Live concert recorded on February 23, 1958 in Carnegie Hall. *

Albert Roussel Albert Charles Paul Marie Roussel (; 5 April 1869 – 23 August 1937) was a French composer. He spent seven years as a midshipman, turned to music as an adult, and became one of the most prominent French composers of the interwar period. His ...

Trio for Flute, Viola, and Cello, Op. 40.

, flute, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello. (Decca LP DL 9777) *

Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; ; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical period (music), Classical and early Romantic music, Romantic eras. Despite his short life, Schubert left behind a List of compositions ...

Piano Quintet in A major, opus posthumous 114, D. 667, "Trout". Lea Foli, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Claus Adam, cello, David Walter, bass, Brooks Smith, piano. Recorded August 21, 1976 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado (Archive of the Pitkin County Library, Aspen, Colorado). *

Virgil Thomson Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 – September 30, 1989) was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoromantic, a neoclassic ...

Sonata da Chiesa (1926). Lillian Fuchs, viola, Peter Simenauer, clarinet, Fred Mills, trumpet, Paul Ingraham, horn, Edward Erwin, trombone,

, conductor. (CRI LP 207, Hi-Fi/Stereo Review LP) *

Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams ( ; 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over ...

Flos Campi. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on February 20, 1968 with the National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, conductor and the Mannes School of Music Chorus, Harold Aks, director (see

Mannes College The New School for Music The Mannes School of Music (), originally called the David Mannes Music School and later the Mannes Music School, Mannes College of Music, the Chatham Square Music School, and Mannes College: The New School for Music, is a music conservatory in T ...

. National Orchestral Association collection of rehearsal and concert recordings (1938–1968) at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound (New York Public Library for the Performing Arts)

References

Sources

*Broe, Carolyn
Progressive Etudes for the Viola
(Retrieved July 31, 2006.) *Ronai, Laura

of the recently re-released Bach Suites. (Retrieved January 22, 2006). *DoReMi Record

(Retrieved January 22, 2006). *Mallow, Jeann

(Retrieved January 22, 2006). *Pinnolis, Judith

(Retrieved July 23, 2007).

the New York Times October 7, 1995 by James R. Oestreich *Williams, Amadee Daryl. ''Lillian Fuchs, First Lady of the Viola (Studies in the History and Interpretation of Music)''. Published by Edwin Mellen Press, 1994. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fuchs, Lillian 1901 births 1995 deaths 20th-century American classical composers 20th-century American classical musicians American classical violists American women violists American women classical composers Aspen Music Festival and School faculty Juilliard School faculty Manhattan School of Music faculty Pupils of Percy Goetschius Viola educators American women music educators 20th-century American women composers Jewish American classical musicians Musicians from New York City American women academics 20th-century American Jews 20th-century American violists