''Micrurus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

venomous Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...

coral snake Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be divided into two distinct groups, the Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. There are 27 species of Old World coral snakes, in three genera ('' Calliophis'', '' Hemibungar ...

s of the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Elapidae Elapidae (, commonly known as elapids , from , variant of "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus '' Emydocephalus ...

Geographic range

Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in the genus ''Micrurus'' are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

Species

The following 82 species are recognized as being valid. *''

Micrurus albicinctus ''Micrurus albicinctus'', the white-banded coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Brazil and Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in ...

'' Amaral, 1925 – white-banded coral snake *'' Micrurus alleni'' K. Schmidt, 1936 – arrow-headed coral snake, Allen's coral snake *'' Micrurus altirostris'' (

Cope A cope ( ("rain coat") or ("cape")) is a liturgical long mantle or cloak, open at the front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour. A cope may be worn by any rank of the Catholic or Anglican clerg ...

, 1860) *'' Micrurus ancoralis'' Jan, 1872 – regal coral snake, anchor coral snake *''

Micrurus annellatus ''Micrurus annellatus'', commonly known as annellated coral snake, is a species of venomous elapid snake native to southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil. There are three recognized subspecies In Taxonomy (biology ...

'' ( W. Peters, 1871) – annellated coral snake *''

Micrurus averyi ''Micrurus averyi'', also known commonly as Avery's coral snake and the black-headed coral snake, is a species of coral snake, a venomous snake in the genus '' Micrurus'' of the family Elapidae. The species is indigenous to northern South Ame ...

'' K. Schmidt, 1939 – Avery's coral snake, black-headed coral snake *''

Micrurus baliocoryphus ''Micrurus baliocoryphus'' is a species of coral snake in the family Elapidae. Like the other members of its family, it is venomous. It is found in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostl ...

'' (Cope, 1862) *''

Micrurus bocourti ''Micrurus bocourti'', the false triad coral snake or Ecuador coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Ecuador and Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South Americ ...

'' (Jan, 1872) – false triad coral snake, Ecuador coral snake *''

Micrurus bogerti Bogert's coral snake (''Micrurus bogerti)'' is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to southern Mexico. Etymology The specific name, ''bogerti'', is in honor of American herpetologist Charles Mitchill Bog ...

Roze Roze may refer to: People *Janis Roze, herpetologist *Jean Roze, French textile producer *Pierre-Gustave Roze (1812–1862), French naval commander *, French mycologist; see Marasmiaceae *Magdalena Roze, Australian meteorologist *Marie Roze, French ...

, 1967 – Bogert's coral snake *''

Micrurus boicora ''Micrurus boicora'' is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Brazil. Geographic range ''M. boicora'' is known from southern Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. (''Micrurus boicora'', new species ...

'' *''

Micrurus brasiliensis ''Micrurus brasiliensis'', the Brazilian short-tailed coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. ...

'' Roze, 1967 – Brazilian short-tailed coral snake *'' Micrurus browni'' K. Schmidt & H.M. Smith, 1943 – Brown's coral snake *'' Micrurus camilae'' Renjifo & Lundberg, 2003 *'' Micrurus carvalhoi'' Roze, 1967 – Brazilian ribbon coral snake *'' Micrurus circinalis'' ( A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – Trinidad coral snake, Trinidad northern coral snake *'' Micrurus clarki'' K. Schmidt, 1936 – Clark's coral snake *''

Micrurus collaris ''Micrurus collaris'', the Guyana blackback coral snake, is a species of coral snake in the family Elapidae. Specimens have been identified mostly in Bolívar (state), Roraima, Amapá, and the Oko Mountains.https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/s ...

'' ( Schlegel, 1837) – Guyana blackback coral snake *'' Micrurus corallinus'' ( Merrem, 1820) – painted coral snake *'' Micrurus decoratus'' (Jan, 1858) – Brazilian coral snake *'' Micrurus diana'' Roze, 1983 – Diana's coral snake *'' Micrurus diastema'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – variable coral snake *'' Micrurus dissoleucus'' Cope, 1860 – pygmy coral snake *'' Micrurus distans'' Kennicott, 1860 – clear-banded coral snake, West Mexican coral snake *'' Micrurus diutius'' Burger, 1955 – Trinidad ribbon coral snake *'' Micrurus dumerilii'' Jan, 1858 – Capuchin coral snake *''

Micrurus elegans The elegant coral snake (''Micrurus elegans'') is a species of elapid snake, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. There are two recognized subspecies. Geographic range ''M. elegans'' occurs at elevations from above sea level in southern Mex ...

'' Jan, 1858 – elegant coral snake *'' Micrurus ephippifer'' (Cope, 1886) – Oaxacan coral snake *'' Micrurus filiformis'' ( Günther, 1859) – thread coral snake, slender coral snake *'' Micrurus frontalis'' A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854 – southern coral snake, short-tailed coral snake *'' Micrurus frontifasciatus'' ( F. Werner, 1927) – Bolivian triad coral snake *''

Micrurus fulvius ''Micrurus fulvius'', Common name, commonly known as the eastern coral snake,John L. Behler, Behler John L.; Frederic Wayne King, King, F. Wayne (1979). ''The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians''. New York: Alf ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1766) – eastern coral snake, common coral snake, American cobra *'' Micrurus gallicus'' *'' Micrurus helleri'' K. Schmidt & F. Schmidt, 1925 – western ribbon coral snake *'' Micrurus hemprichii'' (Jan, 1858) – Hemprichi's coral snake *''

Micrurus hippocrepis ''Micrurus hippocrepis'' (Mayan coral snake) is a species of elapid snake, native to Guatemala and Belize.

'' (W. Peters, 1862) – Mayan coral snake *'' Micrurus ibiboboca'' (Merrem, 1820) – Caatinga coral snake *''

Micrurus isozonus ''Micrurus isozonus'', the equal-banded coral snake, Venezuela coral snake, or Sandner's coral snake, is a species of snake of the Family (biology), family Elapidae. The snake species distribution, is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venez ...

'' (Cope, 1860) – equal-banded coral snake, Venezuela coral snake, Sandner's coral snake *'' Micrurus langsdorffi'' ( Wagler, 1824) – confused coral snake, Langsdorff's coral snake *'' Micrurus laticollaris'' W. Peters, 1870 – double collar coral snake *'' Micrurus latifasciatus'' K. Schmidt, 1933 – long-banded coral snake, broad-ringed coral snake *'' Micrurus lemniscatus'' (

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) – South American coral snake *'' Micrurus limbatus''

Fraser Fraser may refer to: Places Antarctica * Fraser Point, South Orkney Islands Australia * Fraser, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb in the Canberra district of Belconnen * Division of Fraser (Australian Capital Territory), a former federal ...

, 1964 – Tuxtlan coral snake *'' Micrurus margaritiferus'' Roze, 1967 – speckled coral snake *'' Micrurus medemi'' Roze, 1967 – Villavicencio coral snake *'' Micrurus meridensis'' Roze, 1989 – Merida coral snake *'' Micrurus mertensi'' K. Schmidt, 1936 – Mertens's coral snake, Peruvian desert coral snake *'' Micrurus mipartitus'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – red-tailed coral snake, many-banded coral snake *''

Micrurus mosquitensis ''Micrurus'' is a genus of venomous coral snakes of the family Elapidae. Geographic range Species in the genus ''Micrurus'' are endemic to the Americas. Species The following 82 species are recognized as being valid. *'' Micrurus albicinctus' ...

'' K. Schmidt, 1933 – mosquito coral snake *'' Micrurus multifasciatus'' Jan, 1858 – many-banded coral snake *'' Micrurus multiscutatus'' Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940 – Cauca coral snake *'' Micrurus narduccii'' (Jan, 1863) – Andean blackback coral snake *'' Micrurus nattereri'' K. Schmidt, 1952 – Natterer's coral snake, Venezuelan aquatic coral snake *'' Micrurus nebularis'' Roze, 1989 – Neblina coral snake, cloud forest coral snake *''

Micrurus nigrocinctus ''Micrurus nigrocinctus'', commonly known as the Central American coral snake, is a species of a highly venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Latin America from southern Mexico, Central America, to north Colombia. The ...

'' ( Girard, 1854) – Central American coral snake *'' Micrurus obscurus'' (Jan, 1872) – black-neck Amazonian coral snake, Bolivian coral snake *'' Micrurus oligoanellatus'' Ayerbe & López, 2002 – Tambito's coral snake *'' Micrurus ornatissimus'' (Jan, 1858) – ornate coral snake *''

Micrurus pacaraimae ''Micrurus pacaraimae'', the Pacaraima coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world' ...

'' Morato de Carvalho, 2002 – Pacaraima coral snake *'' Micrurus pachecogili'' Campbell, 2000 – Pueblan coral snake *'' Micrurus paraensis'' da Cunha & Nascimento, 1973 – Para coral snake *'' Micrurus peruvianus'' K. Schmidt, 1936 – Peru coral snake *'' Micrurus petersi'' Roze, 1967 – mountain coral snake, Peters's coral snake *''

Micrurus potyguara ''Micrurus potyguara'', the Potyguara coral snake, is a species of snake of the Family (biology), family Elapidae. The snake is Endemism, endemic to northeastern Brazil. References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q18011537 Micrurus, potyguara Reptile ...

'' Pires, da Silva Jr., Feitosa, Costa-Prudente, Pereira Filho & Zaher, 2014 – Potyguara coral snake *'' Micrurus proximans'' H.M. Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958 – Nayarit coral snake *''

Micrurus psyches ''Micrurus psyches'', the northern coral snake, or the Carib coral snake, is a species of coral snake in the family Elapidae. Specimens have been identified in Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil, Trinidad, and Colombia Co ...

'' ( Daudin, 1803) – northern coral snake, Carib coral snake *''

Micrurus putumayensis ''Micrurus putumayensis'', the Putumayo coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Peru, Brazil, and Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South ...

'' Lancini, 1962 – Putumayo coral snake *'' Micrurus pyrrhocryptus'' (Cope, 1862) – Argentinian coral snake *''

Micrurus remotus ''Micrurus remotus'', the remote coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South Americ ...

'' Roze, 1987 – remote coral snake *'' Micrurus renjifoi'' ( Lamar, 2003) – Renjifo's coral snake *'' Micrurus ruatanus'' (Günther, 1895) – Roatan coral snake *'' Micrurus sangilensis'' Nicéforo Maria, 1942 – San Gil coral snake, Santander coral snake *'' Micrurus scutiventris'' (Cope, 1869) – little black coral snake, pygmy black-backed coral snake *'' Micrurus serranus'' Harvey, Aparicio & Gonzáles, 2003 *'' Micrurus silviae'' Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins & da Silva Jr., 2007 *'' Micrurus spixii'' Wagler, 1824 – Amazon coral snake *'' Micrurus spurrelli'' (Boulenger, 1914) – butterfly-head coral snake *'' Micrurus steindachneri'' (F. Werner, 1901) – piedmont coral snake, Steindachner's coral snake *'' Micrurus stewarti'' Barbour & Amaral, 1928 – Panamanian coral snake *''

Micrurus stuarti ''Micrurus stuarti'' (Stuart's coral snake) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Guatemala. There are no recognized subspecies. Etymology The specific name, ''stuarti'', is in honor of American herpe ...

'' Roze, 1967 – Stuart's coral snake *'' Micrurus surinamensis'' (

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

, 1817) – aquatic coral snake *'' Micrurus tener'' Baird & Girard, 1853 – Texas coral snake *'' Micrurus tikuna'' Feitosa, da Silva Jr, Pires, Zaher & Costa-Prudente, 2015 – Tikuna coral snake *''

Micrurus tricolor ''Micrurus tricolor'', the Pantanal coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae. The snake is found in Brazil and Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is borde ...

'' (Hoge, 1956) – Pantanal coral snake *'' Micrurus tschudii'' Jan, 1858 – desert coral snake ''

Nota bene ( ; plural: ) is the Latin language, Latin phrase meaning ''note well''. In manuscripts, ''nota bene'' is abbreviated in upper-case as NB and N.B., and in lower-case as n.b. and nb; the editorial usages of ''nota bene'' and ''notate bene'' fi ...

'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Micrurus''.

Reproduction

All species of ''Micrurus'' are

oviparous Oviparous animals are animals that reproduce by depositing fertilized zygotes outside the body (i.e., by laying or spawning) in metabolically independent incubation organs known as eggs, which nurture the embryo into moving offsprings kno ...

(egg-laying). Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). ''Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification''. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. . (Genus ''Micrurus'', p. 196).

Geographic range

Species

Reproduction

References

Further reading