Leaden Roding is a village and

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of Parish (administrative division), administrative parish used for Local government in England, local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below district ...

in the

Uttlesford Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the market town of Saffron Walden. At the 2011 Census, the population of the district was 79,443. Other notable settlements include Great Dunmow, Elmdon, Stebbi ...

district of

Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and G ...

, England. The village is included in the eight

hamlets A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village. Its size relative to a parish can depend on the administration and region. A hamlet may be considered to be a smaller settlement or subdivision or satellite entity to a lar ...

and

villages A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...

called

The Rodings The Rodings are a group of eight villages in the upper part of the River Roding and the west of Essex, England, the largest group in the country to bear a common name. (Registration required.) The Rodings do not lie within a single district in th ...

. Leaden Roding is north-west from the county town of

Chelmsford Chelmsford () is a city in the City of Chelmsford district in the county of Essex, England. It is the county town of Essex and one of three cities in the county, along with Southend-on-Sea and Colchester. It is located north-east of Lond ...

History

According to ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', Roding derives from "Rodinges" as is listed in the ''

Domesday Book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...

'', with the later variation 'Ledeineroing' recorded in 1248. The 'Leaden' refers to the lead roof of the parish church. Leaden Roding itself is not listed in the Domesday survey. However,

William the Conqueror William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England The monarchy of the United Kingdom, ...

seized The Rodings from

Ely Ely or ELY may refer to: Places Ireland * Éile, a medieval kingdom commonly anglicised Ely * Ely Place, Dublin, a street United Kingdom * Ely, Cambridgeshire, a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England ** Ely Cathedral ** Ely Rural District, a ...

after defeating rebels in the

Isle of Ely The Isle of Ely () is a historic region around the city of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England. Between 1889 and 1965, it formed an administrative county. Etymology Its name has been said to mean "island of eels", a reference to the creatures tha ...

. He gave Leaden-Roding to Geoffrey de Mandeville. The manor was then transferred to

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes (died 1088), was a Norman nobleman created Earl of Surrey under William II Rufus. He is among the few known from documents to have fought under William the Conqueror a ...

. The manor church, called Leaden-Church and its

advowson Advowson () or patronage is the right in English law of a patron (avowee) to present to the diocesan bishop (or in some cases the ordinary if not the same person) a nominee for appointment to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice or church living, a ...

was given by William de Warenne to

Castle Acre Castle Acre is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated on the River Nar some north of the town of Swaffham. It is east of the town of King's Lynn, west of the city of Norwich, and from London.Ordnan ...

, his

Cluniac The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor. The movement began w ...

priory A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or nuns (such as the Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Carmelites), or monasteries of ...

that he founded in

Norfolk Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the Nort ...

in 1090. Castle Acre held Leaden Roding advowson until the Suppression of the Monasteries, when it was given to

Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex Henry may refer to: People * Henry (given name) * Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portug ...

, and next through his daughter

Anne Bourchier Anne Bourchier (1517 – 28 January 1571) was the '' suo jure'' 7th Baroness Bourchier, ''suo jure'' Lady Lovayne, and Baroness Parr of Kendal. She was the first wife of William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, and the sister-i ...

's marriage, to

William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, 1st Baron Parr, 1st Baron Hart (14 August 151328 October 1571), was the only brother of Queen Catherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII. He was a "sincere, plain, di ...

, who then became the Earl of Essex in its seventh creation (1543). The advowson was then transferred to the Luther family, who were still in possession in 1738. Other land in Leaden Roding belonged to

Colne Priory Colne Priory at Earls Colne, Essex was a Benedictine priory, initially a dependent cell of Abingdon Abbey, Berkshire (now in Oxfordshire). It was founded by Aubrey de Vere I and his wife Beatrice in or before 1111. One piece of research suggests ...

, which was given by Henry VIII to his

favourite A favourite (British English) or favorite (American English) was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person. In post-classical and early-modern Europe, among other times and places, the term was used of individuals delegated s ...

Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 1st Viscount Lisle, (22 August 1545) was an English military leader and courtier. Through his third wife, Mary Tudor, he was brother-in-law to King Henry VIII. Biography Charles Brandon was the second ...

.Cox, Thomas; Hall, Anthony; Morden, Robert (1738), "Essex" in
Magna Britannia antiqua & nova: or, A new, exact, and comprehensive survey of the ancient and present state of Great Britain
' p.675. In 1738 using the modern usage 'Leaden Roding' Traditional alternative names for the parish and village include ''Leaden Roothing'', ''Leaden Rooding'', ''Roding Plumb'', ''Rooding Plumboa'', and ''Roding Plumbea'', although the parish was contemporaneously referred to with the 'Roding' suffix in trade directories, gazetteers, sources, and in official documents and maps.Urban, Sylnanus;
The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle
', January 1799, Vol. 69, Part 1, p.373. Reference to parish as 'Roding-Leaden' in 1799Luckombe, Philip,
England's Gazetteer, or An Accurate Description of all the Cities, Town, and Villages of the Kingdom
' (1751), vol 2. Reference to parish as 'Roding-Leaden' in 1751
The London Gazette
' 26 November 1845 Today the official parish name is 'Leaden Roding'."Town and Parish Councils: Leaden Roding"
Uttlesford District Council. Retrieved 15 February 2018 Rodings, Essex, Ordnance Survey map 1805

Rodings, Essex, Ordnance Survey map 1805

During the 13th-century reign of Henry III, the manor was held by Hugh Blount of the

Earl of Arundel Earl of Arundel is a title of nobility in England, and one of the oldest extant in the English peerage. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used (along with the Earl of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title. The ...

family. In the 14th-century reign of

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father d ...

, it was held by

John Doreward John Doreward (died 1420) was a Serjeant-at-law and Speaker of the House of Commons of England. Early life Outside the affairs of parliament, little is known of Doreward. He was apparently the son of William Doreward of Bocking, Essex who was ...

on behalf of

Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (7 January 13558 or 9 September 1397) was the fifth surviving son and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Early life Thomas was born on 7 January 1355 at Woodstoc ...

. Later the manor was transferred to John Writtyll, and attached to his manor of Mascalsbury (aka Mascallesbury) in the neighbouring parish of

White Roding White Roding is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is included in the eight hamlets and villages called The Rodings. White Roding is north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. History Acc ...

. In the 16th century, during the reign of Henry VIII, the Waldgrave family held the manor; it was conveyed to John Sherecroft during the reign of Elizabeth I. The parish was in the Dunmow

Hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in order to differentiate the English and Germanic use of "hundred" to des ...

, was part of the

Rural Dean In the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective ...

ery of Roding, and, from the 1830s, was in the Dunmow

Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...

–

poor relief In English and British history, poor relief refers to government and ecclesiastical action to relieve poverty. Over the centuries, various authorities have needed to decide whose poverty deserves relief and also who should bear the cost of h ...

provision set up under the

Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 The ''Poor Law Amendment Act 1834'' (PLAA) known widely as the New Poor Law, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by the Whig government of Earl Grey. It completely replaced earlier legislation based on the ''Poor Relie ...

.'' Whites Directory of Essex'' 1848 / 1863''

Kelly's Directory Kelly's Directory (or more formally, the Kelly's, Post Office and Harrod & Co Directory) was a trade directory in England that listed all businesses and tradespeople in a particular city or town, as well as a general directory of postal addresses ...

of Essex'' 1882 pp.245-247 / 1894 pp.285-288 / 1902 pp.339-341 / 1914 pp.477-480''Post Office Directory of Essex 1874'' In 1848 the

lord of the manor Lord of the Manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England, referred to the landholder of a rural estate. The lord enjoyed manorial rights (the rights to establish and occupy a residence, known as the manor house and demesne) as well as s ...

was Henry Trevor, Lord Dacre. The 1882 Lordship was held by Captain James Odams while the parish had three principal landowners. From 1894 to 1914, Lordship was held by the trustees of Lord Dacre. Principal landowners in 1914 included Messrs

Strutt & Parker Strutt & Parker is one of the largest property consultancies in the UK with a network of 60 offices, 10 in prime central London. It was founded in 1885, by the partnership of two friends, Hon. Edward Gerald Strutt and Charles Alfred Parker. In 20 ...

. The

ecclesiastical parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...

living Living or The Living may refer to: Common meanings *Life, a condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms ** Living species, one that is not extinct *Personal life, the course of an individual human's life * ...

was a

rectory A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more priests or ministers of religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as manse, parsonage, rectory or vicarage. Function A clergy house is typically o ...

with

residence A residence is a place (normally a building) used as a home or dwelling, where people reside. Residence may more specifically refer to: * Domicile (law), a legal term for residence * Habitual residence, a civil law term dealing with the status ...

with of

glebe Glebe (; also known as church furlong, rectory manor or parson's close(s))McGurk 1970, p. 17 is an area of land within an ecclesiastical parish used to support a parish priest. The land may be owned by the church, or its profits may be reserved ...

, being land used for the support of the

incumbent The incumbent is the current holder of an office or position, usually in relation to an election. In an election for president, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the office of president before the election, whether seeking re-el ...

, in the 1848

gift A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment or anything in return. An item is not a gift if that item is already owned by the one to whom it is given. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation ...

and patronage of the

Lord Chancellor The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. T ...

, Charles Pepys. In 1882 the patronage fell to Roundell Palmer; in 1894 to

Farrer Herschell Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell, (2 November 1837 – 1 March 1899), was Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain in 1886, and again from 1892 to 1895. Life Childhood and education Herschell was born on 2 November 1837 in Brampton, Hamps ...

; in 1902 to Hardinge Giffard; and in 1914 to

Richard Haldane Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, (; 30 July 1856 – 19 August 1928) was a British lawyer and philosopher and an influential Liberal and later Labour politician. He was Secretary of State for War between 1905 and 1912 during ...

. The

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activitie ...

of St Michaels and All Saints was restored in 1866 and contained 100 sittings. The parish register for baptisms and burials dates to 1572, and marriages to 1752. Listed in the 1880s was a

Congregational chapel Congregational churches (also Congregationalist churches or Congregationalism) are Protestant churches in the Calvinist tradition practising congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its ...

, associated with the chapels at ' Abbotts Roding' and

High Easter High Easter is a village and a civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is northwest from the city of and county town of Chelmsford. The parish includes the hamlets of Bishop's Green and Stagden Cross. Parsonag ...

which conducted the services at Leaden Roding. By 1848 the parish was entitled to send its children to the D'Oyley's School, at

Margaret Roding Margaret Roding is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is included in the eight hamlets and villages called The Rodings. Margaret Roding is north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. Histor ...

. In 1882, listings included a Leaden Roding Mixed School with an average attendance of 18. Ten years later this was described as a National School for 35 boys and girls with an average attendance of 27, and after 1902, 50 children with an average attendance of 35. By 1914 the school was a

Public Elementary School In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlic ...

controlled by Essex Education (Dunmow District) Sub-Committee. In 1848, parish land area measured after which it rose to up to at least 1914. Crops grown at the time were chiefly wheat, barley and beans, on a heavy soil with a clay subsoil. Parish population in 1841 was 171; in 1881, 179; in 1891, 190; in 1901, 177; and in 1911, 175. Within the parish was "a place called 'Leaden Wash', where a turnbridge was made for the convenience carriages and foot passengers crossing the water". 'Leaves from a Hunting Diary in Essex' p

'Leaves from a Hunting Diary in Essex' p

Parish occupations in 1848 included three farmers, a

wheelwright A wheelwright is a Artisan, craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels. The word is the combination of "wheel" and the word "wright", (which comes from the Old English word "''wryhta''", meaning a worker or shaper of wood) as in shipbuilding ...

a butcher, a shopkeeper, and the

licensee A licensee can mean the holder of a license or, in U.S. tort law, a licensee is a person who is on the property of another, despite the fact that the property is not open to the general public, because the owner of the property has allowed the li ...

of the King William IV

public house A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and wa ...

. The King William IV, dating to the early 19th century, is listed in all 19th- and 20th-century directories until its closure in the 1990s, and was Grade II

listed Listed may refer to: * Listed, Bornholm, a fishing village on the Danish island of Bornholm * Listed (MMM program), a television show on MuchMoreMusic * Endangered species in biology * Listed building, in architecture, designation of a historical ...

in 1983. In 1863, the pub licensee was also a shopkeeper. The same year the wheelwright, butcher, and shopkeeper remained, and were joined by a shoemaker and one more farmer. Three farmers were listed in 1874, with previous trades remaining except for the shoemaker, and with further additions of a carpenter, a thatcher, a gardener, and a second shopkeeper who was also a beer retailer. By 1882, a bricklayer and a grocer & draper had joined the others, and one of the farmers was also a beer retailer. In 1894, the carpenter, bricklayer, wheelwright, and shopkeeper & beer retailer remained, although there was only one farmer listed. Added occupations were a farm bailiff and a dress maker, while the grocer & draper was now the Post Office sub-postmaster. Listed in 1902 was the grocer & draper, the beer retailer & shopkeeper, the bricklayer, one farmer, a farm bailiff, two wheelwrights, and the sub-postmaster of the Post, Telegraph & Express Delivery Office. By 1914, the number of farmers had increased again to three, one at a

farm which employed one of the now two parish farm bailiffs. The grocer & draper and one wheelwright remained. There was extra listing for an assistant overseer, a carrier (to

on Mondays and Fridays)—a person who transported trading goods and produce for others, and occasionally people, from place to place, usually by horse and cart—and the Secretary of the

Ancient Order of Foresters The Foresters Friendly Society is a British friendly society which was formed in 1834 as the Ancient Order of Foresters. As of 31 December 2016, the society had approximately 75,000 members. Its head office is located in Southampton, England. ...

(Court of Lord Roden No. 5827). There was the sub-postmaster of the Post and Telegraph Office, and a Police Station with constable. Leaden Roding was a traditional centre for

fox hunting Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, traditionally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of h ...

. In their 1896 book ''The Essex Foxhounds'', Ball and Gilbey saw Leaden Roding and the King William IV Inn as at the centre of The Rodings, with Leaden Wood (to the southeast of the village) "the most important covert in the district", and the previous property of Lord Dacre.

Community

Leaden Roding parish is in the parliamentary constituency of

Saffron Walden Saffron Walden is a market town in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, north of Bishop's Stortford, south of Cambridge and north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. The population was 15, ...

, and is part of the High Easter & the Rodings ward of Uttlesford District Council. Civil parish governance is through its own parish council. Leaden Roding is one of

The Hundred Parishes The Hundred Parishes is an area of the East of England with no formal recognition or status, albeit that the concept has the blessing of county and district authorities. It encompasses around 450 square miles (1,100 square kilometres) of northwes ...

, a group of East of England parishes defined by its special heritage characteristics. Leaden Roding has a village hall, a cricket club, a fire and rescue station, a village store and a garage services company. The local school is Rodings Primary School.Rodings Primary School
web site. Retrieved 15 February 2018

References

External links

*
"Leaden Roding"
in ''An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex'', Volume 2, Central and South west. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1921. 149-150.

British History Online ''British History Online'' is a digital library of primary and secondary sources on medieval and modern history of Great Britain and Ireland. It was created and is managed as a cooperative venture by the Institute of Historical Research, Uni ...

. Web. Retrieved 15 February 2018
Leaden Roding Church on Essex Churches website

Leaden Roding Parish Council website

Cloghams Cricket Club
Leaden Roding
"Leaden Roding: St Michael
Church of England. Retrieved 15 February 2018
"Listed Buildings in Leaden Roding, Uttlesford, Essex"
British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 15 February 2018 {{authority control Villages in Essex Uttlesford Civil parishes in Essex