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A landscape park (, abbreviated as ''CHKO''; , abbreviated as ''CHKO''; ; ; , abbreviated as ''РЛП''; , abbreviated as ''TVK'') is a type of

protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood ...

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, and

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

. It is of lower status than a

National Park A national park is a nature park designated for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance. It is an area of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that is protecte ...

and with less stringent restrictions on development and economic use (usually

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

Category V). Landscape parks are environment-protected recreational institutions of local or regional status that are created with the goal of conservation in natural state typical or unique natural complexes and objects as well as providing the conditions for organized recreation for the population. Landscape parks are organized with withdrawal or without withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects from their owners or users. In the event when the withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects is necessary for the needs of the regional landscape parks, it is conducted in order established by the legislation of the specific country. Landscape parks relies the implementation of such objectives: * conservation of valuable natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects; * creating conditions for effective tourism, recreation, and other types of outdoor activities in natural conditions in compliance with the regime of protection of preserved natural complexes and objects; * promoting environmental education work.

Czech Republic

Protected Landscape Area (abbreviated as ''PLA''; , abbreviated as ''CHKO'') is a large area of harmonic landscape with a typical relief, with a considerable share of natural forest and permanent grassy ecosystems, there can also be preserved human settlement monuments (such as log cabins etc.). As of 2023 there were 26 protected landscape areas in the Czech Republic of approximately . See Protected Landscape Parks of the Czech Republic.

Poland

According to the Act on Protection of Nature (''Ustawa o ochronie przyrody'') of 2004, a Landscape Park is defined as "an area protected because of its natural, historical, cultural, and scenic values, for the purpose of conserving and popularizing those values in conditions of balanced development."Kancelaria Sejmu (April 16, 2004)
Act on Protection of Nature (USTAWA z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody)
''See:'' Article 16 (1). PDF file, direct download 329 KB. Internet Archive. Retrieved July 10, 2013. Decisions on the creation, liquidation, and boundaries of Landscape Parks are taken by resolution of the provincial assembly (

voivodeship sejmik A voivodeship sejmik (), also known as a provincial or regional assembly, is the regional-level elected legislature for each of the sixteen voivodeships of Poland. Machnikowski et al., p. 21 Sejmiks are elected to five-year terms, decided during ...

).Before June 2009 Landscape Parks were created by decision of the provincial governor (

voivode Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Mid ...

); this was changed in a
Act of Parliament of 2009
which amended a number of other Acts. A decision to create a Landscape Park must be preceded by consultation with the council of any relevant

gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' ) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and tow ...

(municipality) and with the Regional Director of Nature Protection. A buffer zone (''otulina'') may be designated in addition to the area of the Park itself. As at 9 May 2009 there are 122 designated Landscape Parks throughout Poland, covering a total area of approximately . For a listing, see list of Landscape Parks of Poland.

Slovakia

There are 14 Protected Landscape Areas in Slovakia (in 2013). Protected Landscape Area (PLA) is in Slovakia a larger area, usually more than 1,000 ha, with fragmented

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and en ...

s which are significant for the conservation of

biological diversity Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly on Eart ...

and ecological stability, with characteristic landscape features, or with specific forms of historical settlements. This represents a second level of protection, with a status lower than

s have. There are tourist pathways that man can use for hiking or walks. Educational paths are surrounded by tourist signs with various information about the "CHKO" and nature. Protected Landscape Areas in Slovakia cover the area of 610 869 hectares, what is about 12.46% of the whole territory of Slovakia.

Ukraine

In Ukraine Regional landscape parks are environment-protected recreational institutions of local or regional status that are created with the goal of conservation in natural state typical or unique natural complexes and objects as well as providing the conditions for organized recreation for the population. Regional landscape parks are organized with withdrawal or without withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects from their owners or users. In the event when the withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects is necessary for the needs of the regional landscape parks, it is conducted in order established by the legislation of Ukraine. In 2016 in

there are 54 regional landscape parks.

Notes and references

{{Authority control * * * * *

Czech Republic

Poland

Slovakia

Ukraine

See also

Notes and references