The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are

aroma An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive v ...

tic in all parts and include widely used culinary

herb Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typically distingu ...

s like

basil Basil (, ; , ; ''Ocimum basilicum'' (, )), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a hardiness (plants), tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" r ...

mint Mint or The Mint may refer to: Plants * Lamiaceae, the mint family ** ''Mentha'', the genus of plants commonly known as "mint" Coins and collectibles * Mint (facility), a facility for manufacturing coins * Mint condition, a state of like-new ...

rosemary ''Salvia rosmarinus'' (), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers. It is a member of the sage family, Lamiaceae. The species is native to the Mediterranean r ...

, sage, savory, marjoram,

oregano Oregano (, ; ''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It was native to the Mediterranean region, but widely naturalised elsewhere in the temperate climate, temperate Northern Hemisphere. Oregano is a ...

, hyssop,

thyme Thyme () is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus ''Thymus (plant), Thymus'' of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are native to Eurasia and north Africa. Thymes have culinary, medici ...

lavender ''Lavandula'' (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the sage family, Lamiaceae. It is native plant, native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of the Mediterranean ...

, and perilla, as well as

traditional medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) refers to the knowledge, skills, and practices rooted in the cultural beliefs of various societies, especially Indigenous groups, used for maintaining health and treatin ...

s such as

catnip ''Nepeta cataria'', commonly known as catnip and catmint, is a species of the genus ''Nepeta'' in the mint family, native plant, native to southern and eastern Europe, northern parts of the Middle East, and Central Asia. It is widely naturalis ...

, ''

Salvia ''Salvia'' () is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennials, and Annual plant, annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, ''Salvia'' is part o ...

'', bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

s (such as

teak Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panic ...

), or, rarely,

vine A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.Jackson; Benjamin; Da ...

s. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as ''

Salvia hispanica ''Salvia hispanica'', one of several related species commonly known as chia (), is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is considered a pseudocereal, cultivat ...

'' (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as '' Plectranthus edulis'', '' P. esculentus'', '' P. rotundifolius'', and '' Stachys affinis'' (Chinese artichoke). Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, '' Plectranthus'', and many ''

'' species and hybrids. The family has a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...

. The enlarged Lamiaceae contain about 236

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

and have been stated to contain 6,900 to 7,200

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

, but the World Checklist lists 7,534. The largest genera are ''Salvia'' (900), ''Scutellaria'' (360), ''Stachys'' (300), ''Plectranthus'' (300), ''Hyptis'' (280), ''Teucrium'' (250), ''Vitex'' (250), ''Thymus'' (220), and ''Nepeta'' (200). ''Clerodendrum'' was once a genus of over 400 species, but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150. The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. T ...

;Harley RM, Atkins A, Budantsev AL, et al. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. in the 1990s,

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

studies suggested that many genera

classified Classified may refer to: General *Classified information, material that a government body deems to be sensitive *Classified advertising or "classifieds" Music *Classified (rapper) (born 1977), Canadian rapper * The Classified, a 1980s American ro ...

in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the LamiaceaeCantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). ''Advances in Labiate Science.'' Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. or to other families in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Lamiales The Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order of flowering plants in the asterids clade of the Eudicots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification the order consists of 24 families, and includes about 23,810 species ...

. The alternative family name Labiatae refers to the flowers typically having petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (' in Latin). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in referring to this family. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united

petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...

s and five united

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

s. They are usually

bisexual Bisexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior toward both males and females. It may also be defined as the attraction to more than one gender, to people of both the same and different gender, or the attraction t ...

and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists of two crowded clusters). The

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section, but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

Genera

The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004. It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign (+). Other genera have been synonymised. These are marked with a minus sign (-). The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation."List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see ''External links'' below) Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family.

Kew Gardens Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1759, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...

provides a list of genera that includes additional information.List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of ''Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew''. (see ''External Links'' below). A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated. ''

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

'' currently accepts 227 genera.Lamiaceae Martinov
''

''. Retrieved 14 April 2024. {{Columns-list, colwidth=15em, * *'' Acanthomintha'' {{small, (A.Gray) A.Gray * '' Acanthoprasium'' {{small, (Benth.) Spach * *'' Achyrospermum'' {{small, Blume * ''Acinos'' {{small, Mill., synonym of '' Clinopodium'' * ''Acrocephalus'' {{small, Benth., synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *''

Acrotome ''Acrotome'' (horsefrights) is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1838. The genus is native to the southern part of Africa. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted these species: *''Acrotome angustifolia'' G.Tayl ...

'' {{small, Benth. ex Endl. * *'' Acrymia'' {{small, Prain * ''Adelosa'' {{small, Blume, synonym of '' Clerodendrum'' * *'' Aegiphila'' {{small, Jacq. * *''

Aeollanthus ''Aeollanthus'' (rocksage) is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in ...

'' {{small, C.Mart. ex Spreng. * *'' Agastache'' {{small, Clayton ex Gronov. * *'' Ajuga'' {{small, L. * *'' Ajugoides'' {{small, Makino * *''Alajja'' {{small, Ikonn., synonym of '' Eriophyton'' * *''

Alvesia ''Alvesia'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1869. It is native to central Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 ...

'' {{small, Welw. * *'' Amasonia'' {{small, L.f. * *'' Amethystea'' {{small, L. * *'' Anisochilus'' {{small, Wall. ex Benth., synonym of '' Coleus'' * '' Apatelantha'' {{small, T.C.Wilson & Henwood * *''

Anisomeles ''Anisomeles'' is a genus of Herbaceous plant, herbs of the family Lamiaceae and is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Madagascar, and some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands. Plants in the genus ''Anis ...

'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Asterohyptis'' {{small, Epling * *'' Ballota'' {{small, L. * *'' Basilicum'' {{small, Moench * ''Becium'' {{small, Lindl., synonym of ''

Ocimum ''Ocimum'' is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa. Its best known spe ...

'' * *'' Benguellia'' {{small, G.Taylor * '' Betonica'' {{small, L. * *'' Blephilia'' {{small, (L.) Raf. * *''Bostrychanthera'' {{small, Benth., synonym of '' Chelonopsis'' * ''Bovonia'' {{small, Chiov., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Brachysola'' {{small, Rye * *'' Brazoria'' {{small, Engelm. & A.Gray * *'' Bystropogon'' {{small, L'Hér. * ''Calamintha'' {{small, L., synonym of '' Clinopodium'' * *'' Callicarpa'' {{small, L. * '' Cantinoa'' {{small, Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *''

Capitanopsis ''Capitanopsis'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1916. It contains six known species, all endemic to Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the is ...

'' {{small, S.Moore * ''Capitanya'' {{small, Schweinf. ex Gürke, synonym of '' Coleus'' * *''

Caryopteris ''Caryopteris'' (bluebeard; ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae (formerly often placed in the family Verbenaceae). They are native to east Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia).Germplasm Resources Information Network''Caryopt ...

'' {{small, Bunge * *'' Catoferia'' {{small, (Benth.) Benth. * *'' Cedronella'' {{small, Moench * ''Ceratanthus'' {{small, F.Muell. ex G.Taylor, synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *'' Chaiturus'' {{small, Ehrh. ex Willd. * *'' Chamaesphacos'' {{small, Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. * *''Chaunostoma'' {{small, Donn.Sm., synonym of ''

Lepechinia ''Lepechinia'' is a genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It includes several species of plants known commonly as pitchersages (also pitcher sages). Plants of this genus can be found in Central and South America, Mexico, California, Hisp ...

'' * *'' Chelonopsis'' {{small, Miq. * *'' Chloanthes'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Cleonia'' {{small, L. * *'' Clerodendrum'' {{small, L. * *'' Clinopodium'' {{small, L. * *'' Colebrookea'' {{small, Sm. * '' Coleus'' {{small, Lour. * *'' Collinsonia'' {{small, L. * *'' Colquhounia'' {{small, Wall. * *'' Comanthosphace'' {{small, S.Moore * '' Condea'' {{small, Adans. * *'' Congea'' {{small, Roxb. * *'' Conradina'' {{small, A.Gray * ''Coridothymus'' {{small, Rchb.f., synonym of '' Thymbra'' * *'' Cornutia'' {{small, Plum. ex L. * *'' Craniotome'' {{small, Rchb. * *''Cryphia'' {{small, R.Br., synonym of ''

Prostanthera ''Prostanthera'', commonly known as mintbush or mint bush, is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, and all are endemic to Australia. Plants are usually shrubs, rarely trees with leaves in oppos ...

'' * *'' Cuminia'' {{small, Colla * *'' Cunila'' {{small, D.Royen * '' Cyanocephalus'' {{small, (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Cyanostegia'' {{small, Turcz. * *'' Cyclotrichium'' {{small, (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng. * *'' Cymaria'' {{small, Benth. * '' Dasymalla'' {{small, Endl. * *''Dauphinea'' {{small, Hedge, synonym of ''

'' * *'' Dicerandra'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Dicrastylis'' {{small, Drumm. ex Harv. * '' Discretitheca'' {{small, P.D.Cantino * *''

Dracocephalum ''Dracocephalum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. These flowers, collectively called dragonhead, are annual plant, annual or perennial plant, perennial herbaceous p ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Drepanocaryum'' {{small, Pojark. * *'' Elsholtzia'' {{small, Willd. * *'' Endostemon'' {{small, N.E.Br. * ''Englerastrum'' {{small, Briq., synonym of '' Coleus'' * +'' Eplingiella'' {{small, Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * '' Equilabium'' {{small, Mwany., A.J.Paton & Culham * *''Eremostachys'' {{small, Bunge, synonym of ''

Phlomoides ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the eastern Mediterranean Basin through Eastern Europe, western and central Asia, and the Indi ...

'' * *'' Eriope'' {{small, Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth. * *'' Eriophyton'' {{small, Benth. * '' Eriopidion'' {{small, Harley * *'' Eriothymus'' {{small, (Benth.) Rchb. * ''Erythrochlamys'' {{small, Gürke, synonym of ''

'' * ''Euhesperida'' {{small, Brullo & Furnari, synonym of ''

Satureja ''Satureja'' is a genus of aromatic plants of the family (biology), family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. It is native to Southern Europe, southern and southeastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Historically, ...

'' * *'' Eurysolen'' {{small, Prain * *'' Faradaya'' {{small, F.Muell., synonym of '' Oxera'' * *'' Fuerstia'' {{small, T.C.E.Fr. * *'' Galeopsis'' {{small, L. * *'' Garrettia'' {{small, H.R.Fletcher * ''Geniosporum'' {{small, Wall. ex Benth., synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *'' Glechoma'' {{small, L. * *'' Glechon'' {{small, Spreng. * *'' Glossocarya'' {{small, Wall. ex Griff. * *''

Gmelina ''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species, native to Australia, Southeast Asia, India, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become naturalised ...

'' {{small, L. * *''

Gomphostemma ''Gomphostemma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1830. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, and the Indian subcontinent.Khanam, M., Khan, M.S. & Hassan, M.A. (2003). Revisionary study of the genu ...

'' {{small, Wall. ex Benth. * *'' Gontscharovia'' {{small, Boriss. * '' Gymneia'' {{small, (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Hanceola'' {{small, Kudô * *'' Haplostachys'' {{small, (A.Gray) Hillebr. * *'' Haumaniastrum'' {{small, P.A.Duvign. & Plancke * *''

Hedeoma ''Hedeoma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to North America, North and South America. They are commonly known as false pennyroyals. The genus name is derived from the Greek language, Greek words ἡδ ...

'' {{small, Pers. * '' Heliacria'' {{small, Bo Li, C.L.Xiang, T.S.Hoang & Nuraliev * *'' Hemiandra'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Hemigenia'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Hemiphora'' {{small, (F.Muell.) F.Muell. * *''Hemizygia'' {{small, (Benth.) Briq., synonym of '' Syncolostemon'' * *'' Hesperozygis'' {{small, Epling * *'' Heterolamium'' {{small, C.Y.Wu * *'' Hoehnea'' {{small, Epling * *'' Holmskioldia'' {{small, Retz. * *'' Holocheila'' {{small, (Kudô) S.Chow * ''Holostylon'' {{small, Robyns & Lebrun, synonym of '' Coleus'' * *'' Horminum'' {{small, L. * *''

Hosea In the Hebrew Bible, Hosea ( or ; ), also known as Osee (), son of Beeri, was an 8th-century BC prophet in Israel and the nominal primary author of the Book of Hosea. He is the first of the Twelve Minor Prophets, whose collective writing ...

'' {{small, Ridl. * *'' Hoslundia'' {{small, Vahl * *''Huxleya'' {{small, Ewart, synonym of ''

Volkameria ''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendr ...

'' * *''Hymenocrater'' {{small, Fisch. & C.A.Mey., synonym of ''

Nepeta ''Nepeta'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Lamiaceae. The genus name, from Latin (“catnip”), is reportedly in reference to Nepi, Nepete, an ancient Etruscan cities, Etruscan city.

'' * *'' Hymenopyramis'' {{small, Wall. ex Griff. * *'' Hypenia'' {{small, (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley * *'' Hypogomphia'' {{small, Bunge * *'' Hyptidendron'' {{small, Harley * *''

Hyptis ''Hyptis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in al ...

'' {{small, Jacq. * *'' Hyssopus'' {{small, L., synonym of ''

'' * ''Isodictyophorus'' {{small, Briq., synonym of '' Coleus'' * *'' Isodon'' {{small, (Benth.) Schrad. ex Spach * *'' Isoleucas'' {{small, O.Schwartz * +'' Kalaharia'' {{small, Baill. * *'' Karomia'' {{small, Dop * ''Keiskea'' {{small, Miq., synonym of '' Collinsonia'' * '' Killickia'' {{small, Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko * '' Kudrjaschevia'' {{small, Pojark. * *'' Kurzamra'' {{small, Kuntze * *'' Lachnostachys'' {{small, Hook. * *'' Lagochilus'' {{small, Bunge ex Benth. * *'' Lagopsis'' {{small, (Bunge ex Benth.) Bunge * *'' Lallemantia'' {{small, Fisch. & C.A.Mey., synonym of ''

'' * *''Lamiophlomis'' {{small, Kudô, synonym of ''

'' * *''

Lamium ''Lamium'' (dead-nettles) is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Eurasia and northern Africa, with several widely naturalised across muc ...

'' {{small, L. * *''

Lavandula ''Lavandula'' (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the sage family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of the Mediterranean, with an affi ...

'' {{small, L. * *''Leocus'' {{small, A.Chev., synonym of '' Coleus'' * *'' Leonotis'' {{small, (Pers.) R.Br. * *'' Leonurus'' {{small, L. * *''

'' {{small, Willd. * '' Leptohyptis'' {{small, Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Leucas'' {{small, R.Br. * ''Leucophae'' {{small, Webb & Berthel., synonym of '' Sideritis'' * *'' Leucosceptrum'' {{small, Sm. * ''Limniboza'' {{small, R.E.Fr., synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *''Lophanthus'' {{small, Adans., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Loxocalyx'' {{small, Hemsl. * *'' Lycopus'' {{small, L. * *'' Macbridea'' {{small, Elliott ex Nutt. * *''Madlabium'' {{small, Hedge, synonym of ''

'' * *''Marmoritis'' {{small, Benth., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Marrubium'' {{small, L. * *'' Marsypianthes'' {{small, Mart. ex Benth. * +'' Martianthus'' {{small, Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Matsumurella'' {{small, Makino * *'' Meehania'' {{small, Britton * *''

Melissa Melissa is a feminine given name. The name comes from the Greek language, Greek word μέλισσα (''mélissa''), "bee", which in turn comes from μέλι (''meli''), "honey". In Hittite language, Hittite, ''melit'' signifies "honey". Meliss ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Melittis'' {{small, L. * *''

Mentha ''Mentha'', also known as mint (from Greek , Linear B ''mi-ta''), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization oc ...

'' {{small, L. * *''Meriandra'' {{small, Benth., synonym of ''

'' * ''Mesona'' {{small, Blume, synonym of '' Platostoma'' * '' Mesosphaerum'' {{small, P.Browne * *''Metastachydium'' {{small, Airy Shaw ex C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li, synonym of ''

'' * *'' Microcorys'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Micromeria'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Microtoena'' {{small, Prain * *'' Minthostachys'' {{small, (Benth.) Spach * *'' Moluccella'' {{small, L. * *''

Monarda ''Monarda'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae.Harley, R. M., et al. 2004. "Labiatae". pp 167-275 In: Kubitzki, K. (editor) and J. W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Monardella'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Monochilus'' {{small, Fisch. & C.A.Mey. * *'' Mosla'' {{small, (Benth.) Buch.-Ham. ex Maxim. * '' Muniria'' {{small, N.Streiber & B.J.Conn * ''Neohyptis'' {{small, J.K.Morton, synonym of '' Coleus'' * ''Neorapinia'' {{small, Moldenke, synonym of ''

Vitex ''Vitex'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae. It has about 250 species.Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tat ...

'' * *''

'' {{small, L. * *'' Newcastelia'' {{small, F.Muell. * ''Nosema'' {{small, Prain, synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *''Notochaete'' {{small, Benth., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Obtegomeria'' {{small, Doroszenko & P.D.Cantino * *''

'' {{small, L. * ''Octomeron'' {{small, Robyns, synonym of '' Platostoma'' * *'' Ombrocharis'' {{small, Hand.-Mazz. * *''Oncinocalyx'' {{small, F.Muell., synonym of '' Teucrium'' * '' Oocephalus'' {{small, (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Origanum'' {{small, L. * *'' Orthosiphon'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Otostegia'' {{small, Benth. * +'' Ovieda'' {{small, L. * *'' Oxera'' {{small, Labill. * *'' Panzerina'' {{small, Soják * *'' Paralamium'' {{small, Dunn * *'' Paraphlomis'' {{small, Prain * *''Paravitex'' {{small, H.R.Fletcher, synonym of ''

'' * *''Peltodon'' {{small, Pohl, synonym of ''

'' * *'' Pentapleura'' {{small, Hand.-Mazz. * *'' Perilla'' {{small, L. * *'' Perillula'' {{small, Maxim. * *''

Peronema ''Peronema'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1822. It contains only one known species, ''Peronema canescens'', native to Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, and Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda ...

'' {{small, Jack * -''Perovskia'' {{small, Kar., synonym of ''

'' * ''Perrierastrum'' {{small, Guillaumin, synonym of ''

'' * '' Petitia'' {{small, Jacq. * *'' Petraeovitex'' {{small, Oliv. * *'' Phlomidoschema'' {{small, (Benth.) Vved. * *''

Phlomis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' {{small, L. * *''

'' {{small, Moench * *'' Phyllostegia'' {{small, Benth. * '' Physominthe'' {{small, Harley & J.F.B.Pastore * *'' Physopsis'' {{small, Turcz. * *'' Physostegia'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Piloblephis'' {{small, Raf. * ''Pitardia'' {{small, Batt. ex Pit., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Pityrodia'' {{small, R.Br. * *'' Platostoma'' {{small, P.Beauv. * *'' Plectranthus'' {{small, L.Hér. * *'' Pogogyne'' {{small, Benth. * *'' Pogostemon'' {{small, Desf. * *'' Poliomintha'' {{small, A.Gray * *'' Prasium'' {{small, L. * *''

Premna ''Premna'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described for modern science in 1771. It is widespread through tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, and various islands in t ...

'' {{small, L. * *''

'' {{small, Labill. * *'' Prunella'' {{small, L. * *''Pseuderemostachys'' {{small, Popov, synonym of ''

'' * *'' Pseudocarpidium'' {{small, Millsp. * *'' Pseudocaryopteris'' {{small, (Briq.) P.D.Cantino *'' Pseudochamaesphacos'' {{small, Parsa *'' Pseudodictamnus'' {{small, Fabr. * *''Pseudomarrubium'' {{small, Popov, synonym of ''

'' * ''Puntia'' {{small, Hedge, syononym of '' Endostemon'' * *'' Pycnanthemum'' {{small, Michx. * *'' Pycnostachys'' {{small, Hook., synonym of '' Coleus'' * '' Quoya'' {{small, Gaudich. * ''Rabdosiella'' {{small, Codd, synonym of '' Coleus'' * *'' Renschia'' {{small, Vatke * *'' Rhabdocaulon'' {{small, (Benth.) Epling * *'' Rhaphiodon'' {{small, Schauer * *'' Rhododon'' {{small, Epling * -'' Rosmarinus'' {{small, L., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Rostrinucula'' {{small, Kudô * *'' Rotheca'' {{small, Raf. * *'' Roylea'' {{small, Wall. ex Benth. * *'' Rubiteucris'' {{small, Kudô * +'' Rydingia'' {{small, Scheen & V.A.Albert * ''Sabaudia'' {{small, Buscal. & Muschl., synonym of ''

'' * *'' Saccocalyx'' {{small, Coss. & Durieu * ''Salazaria'' {{small, Torr., synonym of '' Scutellaria'' * *''

'' {{small, L. * *''

'' {{small, L. * *'' Schizonepeta'' {{small, (Benth.) Briq. * *'' Schnabelia'' {{small, Hand.-Mazz. * *'' Scutellaria'' {{small, L. * *'' Sideritis'' {{small, L. * *'' Siphocranion'' {{small, Kudô * '' Solenostemon'' {{small, Thonn., synonym of '' Coleus'' * *''Spartothamnella'' {{small, Briq., synonym of '' Teucrium'' * *'' Sphenodesme'' {{small, Jack * *'' Stachydeoma'' {{small, Small * *''Stachyopsis'' {{small, Popov & Vved., synonym of '' Eriophyton'' * *''

Stachys ''Stachys'' is a genus of plants, one of the largest in the mint family Lamiaceae.Harley, R. M., et al. 2004. "Labiatae". pages 167–275. In: Kubitzki, K. (editor) and J. W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Stenogyne'' {{small, Benth. * *''Sulaimania'' {{small, Hedge & Rech.f., synonym of '' Moluccella'' * *'' Suzukia'' {{small, Kudô * *'' Symphorema'' {{small, Roxb. * ''Symphostemon'' {{small, Hiern, synonym of '' Coleus'' * *'' Synandra'' {{small, Nutt. * *'' Syncolostemon'' {{small, E.Mey. ex Benth. * *''

Tectona ''Tectona'' is a genus of tropics, tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, ''Lamiaceae''.Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The three species are oft ...

'' {{small, L.f. * *'' Teijsmanniodendron'' {{small, Koord. * +'' Tetraclea'' {{small, A.Gray * *''

Tetradenia ''Tetradenia'' (also known as gingerbush) is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1830. It is native to Africa, including Madagascar. Species * '' Tetradenia bainesii'' (N.E.Br.) Phillipson & C.F.Steyn - Zimbabwe, Mozamb ...

'' {{small, Benth. * *''Teucridium'' {{small, Hook.f., synonym of '' Teucrium'' * *'' Teucrium'' {{small, L. * *''

Thorncroftia ''Thorncroftia'' (whistlesweets) is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1912. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent afte ...

'' {{small, N.E.Br. * *'' Thuspeinanta'' {{small, T.Durand * *'' Thymbra'' {{small, L. * *''

Thymus The thymus (: thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. The thymus ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Tinnea'' {{small, Kotschy ex Hook.f. * *''

Trichostema ''Trichostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, which are aromatic herbs or subshrubs. These plants are native to North America. Many plant of this genus which have whorls of small blue flowers are called by the common nam ...

'' {{small, L. * *'' Tripora'' {{small, P.D.Cantino * *''Tsoongia'' {{small, Merr., synonym of ''

'' * *''

'' {{small, L. * *''Viticipremna'' {{small, H.J.Lam, synonym of ''

'' * +''

'' {{small, L. * *'' Warnockia'' {{small, M.W.Turner * *'' Wenchengia'' {{small, C.Y.Wu & S.Chow * *'' Westringia'' {{small, Sm. * ''Wiedemannia'' {{small, Fisch. & C.A.Mey., synonym of ''

'' * *''Wrixonia'' {{small, F.Muell., synonym of ''

'' * ''Xenopoma'' {{small, Willd., synonym of '' Clinopodium'' * *''

Zataria ''Zataria'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1876. It contains only one known species, ''Zataria multiflora'', native to southwestern Asia (Iran, Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emi ...

'' {{small, Boiss. * *'' Ziziphora'' {{small, L.

Recent changes

The

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: * Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthr ...

of several genera has changed since 2004. ''Tsoongia'', ''Paravitex'', and ''Viticipremna'' have been sunk into synonymy with ''Vitex''.{{cite journal , last1=Bramley , first1=Gemma L.C. , last2=Forest , first2=Félix , last3=Rogier , year=2009 , title=Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of ''Vitex'' and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia , journal=Taxon , volume=58 , issue=2 , pages=500–510, doi=10.1002/tax.582014 , bibcode=2009Taxon..58..500B ''Huxleya'' has been sunk into ''Volkameria''. ''Kalaharia'', ''Volkameria'', ''Ovieda'', and ''Tetraclea'' have been segregated from a formerly

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...

''Clerodendrum''. ''Rydingia'' has been separated from ''Leucas''.{{cite journal , last1=Scheen , first1=Anne-Cathrine , last2=Albert , first2=Victor A. , year=2007 , title=Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the ''Leucas'' clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) , journal=Systematics and Geography of Plants , volume=77 , issue=2 , pages=229–238 , jstor=20649740 , url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nbgb/sgp/2007/00000077/00000002/art00004 The remaining ''Leucas'' is

paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...

over four other genera.{{cite journal , last1=Scheen , first1=Anne-Cathrine , last2=Albert , first2=Victor A. , year=2009 , title=Molecular Phylogenetics of the ''Leucas'' Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) , journal=Systematic Botany , volume=34 , issue=1 , pages=173–181 , doi=10.1600/036364409787602366 , bibcode=2009SysBo..34..173S , s2cid=85894904

Subfamilies and tribes

In 2004, the Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies, plus 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies. The unplaced genera are: ''

'', '' Callicarpa'', '' Hymenopyramis'', '' Petraeovitex'', ''

'', '' Garrettia'', '' Cymaria'', '' Acrymia'', '' Holocheila'', and '' Ombrocharis''. The subfamilies are the Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

. The Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

. These are shown in the

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In ...

below.

Phylogeny

Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...

for

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies.{{cite journal , last1=Zhao , first1=Fei , last2=Chen , first2=Ya-Ping , last3=Salmaki , first3=Yasaman , last4=Drew , first4=Bryan T. , last5=Wilson , first5=Trevor C. , last6=Scheen , first6=Anne-Cathrine , last7=Celep , first7=Ferhat , last8=Bräuchler , first8=Christian , last9=Bendiksby , first9=Mika , last10=Wang , first10=Qiang , last11=Min , first11=Dao-Zhang , last12=Peng , first12=Hua , last13=Olmstead , first13=Richard G. , last14=Li , first14=Bo , last15=Xiang , first15=Chun-Lei , title=An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics , journal=BMC Biology , date=8 January 2021 , volume=19 , issue=1 , pages=2 , doi=10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z , pmid=33419433 , pmc=7796571 , doi-access=free Most of those that have been are included in the following

. The

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...

depicted below is based on seven different sources.{{cite journal , last1=Zhong , first1=Jin-Shun , last2=Li , first2=Jie , last3=Li , first3=Lang , last4=Conran , first4=John G. , last5=Hsi-wen , first5=Li , year=2010 , title=Phylogeny of ''Isodon'' (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology , journal=Systematic Botany , volume=35 , issue=1 , pages=207–219 , doi=10.1600/036364410790862614, bibcode=2010SysBo..35..207Z , s2cid=54808462 {{cite journal , last1=Walker , first1=Jay B. , last2=Sytsma , first2=Kenneth J. , year=2007 , title=Staminal Evolution in the Genus ''Salvia'' (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever , journal=Annals of Botany , volume=100 , issue=2 , pages=375–391 , doi=10.1093/aob/mcl176 , pmid=16926227 , pmc=2735309{{cite journal , last1=Ryding , first1=P. Olof , year=2010 , title=Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) , journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution , volume=285 , issue=3–4 , pages=165–175 , doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9 , bibcode=2010PSyEv.285..165R , s2cid=24076224 {{Clade , style=font-size:100%;line-height:90% , label1=Lamiaceae , 1={{clade , 1='' Callicarpa'' , 2=''

'' , label3= Viticoideae (pro parte) , 3={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2=''

'' , label4= Viticoideae (pro parte) , 4=''

'' , label5= Symphorematoideae , 5={{clade , 1='' Congea'' , 2='' Symphorema'' , label6= Ajugoideae , 6={{clade , 1='' Rotheca'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Teucrium'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Ajuga'' , 2={{clade , 1={{clade , 1='' Oxera'' , 2='' Faradaya'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Kalaharia'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Clerodendrum'' , 2={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Ovieda'' , 2='' Aegiphila'' , 3='' Tetraclea'' , 4='' Amasonia'' , label7= Prostantheroideae , 7={{clade , label1= Chloantheae , 1='' Chloanthes'' , label2= Westringieae , 2={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2='' Westringia'' , label8= Nepetoideae , 8={{clade , label1= Ocimeae , 1={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2='' Siphocranion'' , 3={{clade , 1='' Isodon'' , 2='' Hanceola'' , 3=''

'' , 4={{clade , 1={{clade , 1='' Orthosiphon'' , 2=''

'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Plectranthus'' , 2='' Coleus'' , label2= Elsholtzieae , 2={{clade , 1='' Elsholtzia'' , 2='' Perilla'' , label3= Mentheae , 3={{clade , 1={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2=''

'' , 3='' Rosmarinus'' , 2={{clade , 1={{clade , 1='' Prunella'' , 2={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2=''

'' , 3='' Agastache'' , 2={{clade , 1={{clade , 1='' Origanum'' , 2=''

'' , 2={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Clinopodium'' , 2='' Bystropogon'' , 3={{clade , 1='' Pycnanthemum'' , 2=''

'' , 4={{clade , 1='' Dicerandra'' , 2='' Conradina'' , 9={{clade , label1= Scutellarioideae , 1={{clade , 1='' Holmskioldia'' , 2='' Scutellaria'' , label2= Lamioideae , 2={{clade , 1='' Pogostemon'' , 2={{clade , 1=''

Phlomis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' , 2=''

'' , 3={{clade , 1=''

'' , 2='' Sideritis'' , 3={{clade , 1='' Haplostachys'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Stenogyne'' , 2='' Phyllostegia'' , 4='' Leonurus'' , 5='' Marrubium'' , 6='' Moluccella'' , 7={{clade , 1='' Rydingia'' , 2={{clade , 1='' Leucas'' , 2='' Leonotis''

Gallery

{{gallery, mode=packed , Lamium purpureum Closeup.jpg, ''

Lamium purpureum ''Lamium purpureum'' (from Latin ''purpureum'' – purple), known as red dead-nettle, purple dead-nettle, or purple archangel, is an annual herbaceous flowering plant. It is native to Eurasia but can also be found in North America. Description ' ...

'', showing the bilaterally symmetrical flower , Leucas aspera at Gandipet, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9054.jpg, '' Leucas aspera'' in

Hyderabad, India Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of , much ...

, Origanum vulgare - harilik pune.jpg,

Oregano Oregano (, ; ''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It was native to the Mediterranean region, but widely naturalised elsewhere in the temperate climate, temperate Northern Hemisphere. Oregano is a ...

, Orthosiphon pallidus (Jyoti) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8284.jpg, '' Orthosiphon thymiflorus'' flower , Plectranthus ecklonii fence.jpg, '' Plectranthus ecklonii'' , Salvia jurisicii in its native habitat.jpg, '' Salvia jurisicii'' , Tetradenia_riparia_03.jpg, ''

Tetradenia riparia ''Tetradenia riparia'' is a species of flowering plant native to southern Africa. It belongs in the mint and sage family Lamiaceae. It is occasionally referred to as misty plume bush and is commonly used as a decorative garden plant due to its fl ...

References

{{Reflist, 30em

External links

*{{Commons category-inline *{{Wikispecies-inline
Lamiaceae
i
L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval
''delta-intkey.com''. {{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302171954/https://www.delta-intkey.com/ , date=2022-03-02 . {{Angiosperm families {{Taxonbar, from1=Q53476, from2=Q10315139 {{Authority control Lamiales families