LTspice is a
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
-based
analog
Analog or analogue may refer to:
Computing and electronics
* Analog signal, in which information is encoded in a continuous variable
** Analog device, an apparatus that operates on analog signals
*** Analog electronics, circuits which use analog ...
electronic circuit simulator computer software, produced by
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities (" doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping level ...
manufacturer
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing, and power management technology, headquartered in Wilming ...
(originally by
Linear Technology
Linear Technology Corporation was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured and marketed high performance analog integrated circuits. Applications for the company's products included telecommunications, cellular telephones, ne ...
).
It is the most widely distributed and used SPICE software in the industry.
Though it is
freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines ''freeware'' unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the free ...
,
[Mike Engelhardt: ''LTspice IV Help → F.A.Q. → License and Distribution.'' (Help of software version 4.19u of 4 September 2013)][Mike Engelhardt: ''LTspice IV Help → Introduction → License Agreement/Disclaimer.'' (Help of software version 4.19u of 4 September 2013)] it is not artificially restricted to limit its abilities (no limits on: features, nodes, components, subcircuits).
It ships with a
library
A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...
of SPICE models from
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing, and power management technology, headquartered in Wilming ...
,
Linear Technology
Linear Technology Corporation was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured and marketed high performance analog integrated circuits. Applications for the company's products included telecommunications, cellular telephones, ne ...
,
Maxim Integrated
Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured, and sold analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for the automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing markets. Maxim's pr ...
, and third-party sources.
Overview
LTspice provides
schematic capture
Schematic capture or schematic entry is a step in the design cycle of electronic design automation (EDA) at which the electronic diagram, or electronic schematic of the designed electronic circuit, is created by a designer. This is done interac ...
to enter an
electronic schematic for an
electronic circuit
An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or Conductive trace, traces through which electric current can flow. It is a t ...
, an enhanced
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
type
analog electronic circuit simulator
A simulation is an imitative representation of a process or system that could exist in the real world. In this broad sense, simulation can often be used interchangeably with model. Sometimes a clear distinction between the two terms is made, in ...
, and a
waveform viewer
A waveform viewer is a software tool for viewing the signal levels of either a digital circuit, digital or analog circuit design.Janick Bergeron, ''Writing Testbenches: Functional verification of HDL Models'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
Wave ...
to show the results of the simulation.
Circuit simulation analysis based on transient, noise, AC, DC, DC transfer function, DC operating point can be performed and plotted as well as fourier analysis. Heat dissipation of components can be calculated and efficiency reports can also be generated. It has enhancements and specialized models to speed the simulation of
switched-mode power supplies
A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical powe ...
(SMPS) in
DC-to-DC converter
A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device that converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a type of Electric power conversion, electric power converter. Power levels range from ...
s.
LTspice does not generate
printed circuit board
A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a Lamination, laminated sandwich structure of electrical conduction, conductive and Insulator (electricity), insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes ...
(PCB) layouts, but netlists can be exported to PCB layout software. While LTspice does support simple logic gate simulation, it is not designed specifically for simulating logic circuits.
It is used by many users in fields including
radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the u ...
electronics,
power electronics
Power electronics is the application of electronics to the control and conversion of electric power.
The first high-power electronic devices were made using mercury-arc valves. In modern systems, the conversion is performed with semiconduct ...
,
audio electronics
Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to:
Sound
*Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound
* Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum
*Digital audio, representation of soun ...
,
digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between Binary number, binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical s ...
, and other disciplines.
LTspice/SwitcherCAD III
In 1999, LTspice III was released, the first public release.
It is designed to run on
Windows
Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...
95, 98, 98SE, ME, NT4.0, 2K, XP. This version is no longer available for download from Analog Devices. Initially, LTspice III was internally released to Linear Technology's Field Application Engineers (FAE) in October 1999, who then gave it away during customer visits via
CD-ROM
A CD-ROM (, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains computer data storage, data computers can read, but not write or erase. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold b ...
media.
In June 2001, it was released for public downloading from the Linear Technology website.
Originally, LTspice/SwitcherCAD ran only on Microsoft Windows platforms, but since 2003 it is able to run under the
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic drink made from Fermentation in winemaking, fermented fruit. Yeast in winemaking, Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made f ...
Windows compatibility layer on
Linux
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, pac ...
.
LTspice IV
In 2008, LTspice IV was released.
It is designed to run on Windows 2K, XP, Vista, 7 with a processor that contains a minimum instruction set similar to a
Pentium 4
Pentium 4 is a series of single-core central processing unit, CPUs for Desktop computer, desktops, laptops and entry-level Server (computing), servers manufactured by Intel. The processors were shipped from November 20, 2000 until August 8, 20 ...
processor. Though IV is still available for download, it is no longer maintained. LTspice was originally called SwitcherCAD, but that name was removed when IV was released.
A native Apple
macOS
macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. With ...
10.7+ application was introduced in 2013.
LTspice XVII
In 2016, LTspice XVII was released, and is currently the latest version.
It is designed to run on 32-bit or 64-bit editions of
Windows
Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...
7, 8, 8.1, 10, and
macOS
macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. With ...
10.9+.
Summary of major changes from LTspice IV to LTspice XVII are:
* Add 64-bit executables.
* Add
Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...
characters in
schematic
A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a designed representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the key information the sc ...
s,
netlist
In electronic design, a netlist is a description of the connectivity of an electronic circuit. In its simplest form, a netlist consists of a list of the electronic components in a circuit and a list of the nodes they are connected to. A netwo ...
s,
plot.
* Add device equations for
IGBT
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily forming an electronic switch. It was developed to combine high efficiency with fast switching. It consists of four alternating layers (NPNP) that ...
, diode soft recovery, arbitrary
state machine
A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton (FSA, plural: ''automata''), finite automaton, or simply a state machine, is a mathematical model of computation. It is an abstract machine that can be in exactly one of a finite number o ...
.
* Add user-defined symbol and library directory search path settings to the LTspice control panel.
* Add schematic
thumbnail
Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words. In the age of digital images, visual search engines and image-o ...
and preview support on Microsoft Windows.
* Add editors for most
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
commands.
* Add
multi-monitor
Multi-monitor, also called multi-display and multi-head, is the use of multiple physical display devices, such as Computer monitor, monitors, Television set, televisions, and Video projector, projectors, in order to increase the area available fo ...
support.
Updates
Every month, LTspice updates have been released with new SPICE models, fixed SPICE models, or software changes. At any time, a user can manually update LTspice by choosing "Sync Release" from the "Tools" pulldown menu. From the "Help" pulldown menu, "Show Change Log" displays a list of every SPICE model and software change since LTspice XVII was first released.
In March 2017,
Linear Technology
Linear Technology Corporation was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured and marketed high performance analog integrated circuits. Applications for the company's products included telecommunications, cellular telephones, ne ...
merged into
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing, and power management technology, headquartered in Wilming ...
. Over time, SPICE models for Analog Devices components have gradually been added to LTspice.
In August 2021,
Maxim Integrated
Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured, and sold analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for the automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing markets. Maxim's pr ...
merged with Analog Devices. Since then, SPICE models for Maxim components are being gradually added into LTspice.
Updates are no longer provided for Windows XP and MacOS 10.9, as well as older versions of Windows and MacOS.
Device models
LTspice ships with thousands of third-party models (
capacitor
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term st ...
s,
diode
A diode is a two-Terminal (electronics), terminal electronic component that conducts electric current primarily in One-way traffic, one direction (asymmetric electrical conductance, conductance). It has low (ideally zero) Electrical resistance ...
s,
inductor
An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a Passivity (engineering), passive two-terminal electronic component, electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it. An inductor typic ...
s,
resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active e ...
s,
transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch electrical signals and electric power, power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semicondu ...
s,
ferrite bead
A ferrite beadalso called a ferrite block, ferrite core, ferrite ring, EMI filter, or ferrite chokeis a type of choke (electronics), choke that suppresses high-frequency electronic noise in electronic circuits.
Ferrite beads employ high-frequen ...
s,
opto-isolator
An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the s ...
s,
555 timer, and more), as well as macro models for
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing, and power management technology, headquartered in Wilming ...
and
Linear Technology
Linear Technology Corporation was an American semiconductor company that designed, manufactured and marketed high performance analog integrated circuits. Applications for the company's products included telecommunications, cellular telephones, ne ...
parts (
ADCs,
analog switches,
comparator
In electronics, a comparator is a device that compares two voltages or currents and outputs a digital signal indicating which is larger. It has two analog input terminals V_+ and V_- and one binary digital output V_\text. The output is ideally
...
s,
DACs,
filters,
opamps,
timer
A timer or countdown timer is a type of clock that starts from a specified time duration and stops upon reaching 00:00. It can also usually be stopped manually before the whole duration has elapsed. An example of a simple timer is an hourglass ...
s,
voltage reference
A voltage reference is an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time. Voltage references are used in power sup ...
s,
voltage supervisors,
voltage regulator
A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. It may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical mechanism or electronic components. Depending on the ...
s, 0.01% quad resistor networks, and more).
In the device library, Analog Devices part numbers start with "AD", and Linear Technology parts start with "LT".
LTspice allows a user to choose from device models that ship with LTspice, as well as allows the user to define their own device model, or use 3rd party models from numerous electronic component manufacturers, or use a model from a 3rd party device library. Starting with LTspice XVII, control panel settings were added to allow the user to specify search directories for 3rd party device symbols and libraries. See option setting at LTspice -> Tools -> Control Panel ->
Sym. & Lib. Search Paths
.
The text that describes intrinsic SPICE models can be placed directly on an LTspice schematic by using the spice directive
.op
button. The advantage of this method is the 3rd party model is self-contained as part of the schematic when you distribute the schematic file. The same
.model
can also be copied to an
ASCII
ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable character, printable and 33 control character, control c ...
text file on your computer too, but it won't "travel" with a schematic when you copy it to another computer. For example, the following diode part numbers aren't included in the current LTspice device library:
:
.model 1N4004_WIKI D(Is=500p Rs=0.12 N=1.6 Tt=4u Cjo=40p M=0.35 BV=400 Ibv=5.00u Mfg=BobCordellBook Type=Silicon)
:
.model 1N4007_WIKI D(Is=7.02767n Rs=0.0341512 N=1.80803 Tt=1e-07 Cjo=1e-11 Vj=0.7 M=0.5 Eg=1.05743 Xti=5 Fc=0.5 BV=1000 Ibv=5e-08 Mfg=OnSemiconductor Type=Silicon)
:
.model 1N5408_WIKI D(Is=63.0n Rs=14.1m N=1.70 Tt=4.32u Cjo=53.0p M=0.333 BV=1000 Ibv=10.0u Mfg=DiodesInc Type=Silicon)
Number conventions
In LTspice,
numeric values can be expressed in four different ways:
integer
An integer is the number zero (0), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, ...), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3, ...). The negations or additive inverses of the positive natural numbers are referred to as negative in ...
(i.e., 1000),
real (i.e., 1000.0),
scientific e-notation (i.e., 1e3, 1.0e3), scale factor notation (i.e., 1K, 1K0).
If the first character after a number is not the letter "
e
" for scientific e-notation or a scale factor suffix (left column of table), then trailing characters are ignored.
For example, 5 is treated the same as 5V, 5
Volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, Voltage#Galvani potential vs. electrochemical potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units, International System of Uni ...
, 5Volts, 5 Hz, or 5
Hertz
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or Cycle per second, cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in ter ...
.
Scale factors
Integer and real numbers supports a scale factor (multiplier) suffix.
These are based mostly on
metric conventions.
The suffix (left column) can be upper, lower, or mixed
case
Case or CASE may refer to:
Instances
* Instantiation (disambiguation), a realization of a concept, theme, or design
* Special case, an instance that differs in a certain way from others of the type
Containers
* Case (goods), a package of relate ...
, known as
case insensitive.
For example, 1MEG, 1meg, or 1Meg represents 1000000; 1k, or 1K represents 1000.
Any appended text after the suffix (left column) is ignored.
For example, 2Meg
Hz, or 2Mega
Ohm
Ohm (symbol Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance named after Georg Ohm.
Ohm or OHM may also refer to:
People
* Georg Ohm (1789–1854), German physicist and namesake of the term ''ohm''
* Germán Ohm (born 1936), Mexican boxer
* Jörg Ohm (1 ...
represents 2000000; 3m
V, or 3mOhm represents 0.003; 4uF, or 4u
Henry
Henry may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters
* Henry (surname)
* Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone
Arts and entertainmen ...
represents 0.000004.
In LTspice, any suffix (left column) can replace the
decimal point
FIle:Decimal separators.svg, alt=Four types of separating decimals: a) 1,234.56. b) 1.234,56. c) 1'234,56. d) ١٬٢٣٤٫٥٦., Both a comma and a full stop (or period) are generally accepted decimal separators for international use. The apost ...
of a
real number
In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one- dimensional quantity such as a duration or temperature. Here, ''continuous'' means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences. Every re ...
, a common format for printed schematics.
For example, 4K7 represents 4700, 1u8 represents 0.0000018.
Compatibility
Although LTspice was originally based upon Berkeley
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
3f5 source code,
it no longer is, thus some of its features may create non-portable files. Competitor SPICE programs have non-portable features too.
LTspice features that may not be supported by some SPICE programs:
*
Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...
characters in schematics, netlists, plot.
This is a new feature in LTspice XVII, thus older versions of LTspice don't support Unicode.
* Unicode (U+00B5)
µ
micro
Micro may refer to:
Measurement
* micro- (μ), a metric prefix denoting a factor of 10−6
Places
* Micro, North Carolina, town in U.S.
People
* DJ Micro, (born Michael Marsicano) an American trance DJ and producer
* Chii Tomiya (都宮 � ...
character as an alternate symbol for ASCII (hex 75)
u
letter, which used as the micro (10
−6) scale factor. See option setting at LTspice -> Tools -> Control Panel -> Netlist Options ->
Convert 'µ' to 'u'
.
* Unicode (U+2212)
−
minus
The plus sign () and the minus sign () are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, the symbol represents the operation of addition, which results in a sum, while the symbol represent ...
character as an alternate symbol for ASCII (hex 2D)
−
minus/dash/hyphen character.
* Suffix replacing decimal point. See option setting at LTspice -> Tools -> Control Panel -> SPICE ->
Accept 3K4 as 3.4K
.
LTspice does not support the following features:
* LTspice does not support scale factors of "atto" 10
−18, "peta" 10
15, or "exa" 10
18.
* HSPICE supports
'a'
for "atto" 10
−18, which must be replaced with
'e-18'
to be compatible with LTspice and other SPICE software.
* HSPICE supports
'X'
as a synonym for "meg" 10
6, which must be replaced with
'e6'
or
'MEG'
to be compatible with LTspice and other SPICE software.
Node name conventions
In LTspice, a node/net (connection point) on the schematic can be labeled by using the
Label Net
tool button or
F4
key. The "Label Net" wizard has three choices for a label, two predefined graphical symbols (GND, COM), or a user-defined node/net name.
The two graphical symbols represent:
*
GND
- The ground symbol assigns a node with a special global net name of "0".
*
COM
- The COM symbol assigns a node with a net name of "COM", which has no special significance.
Historically,
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
and older version of LTspice software only supported printable
ASCII
ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable character, printable and 33 control character, control c ...
characters for node/net names, then LTspice XVII added support for
Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...
characters.
A user-defined name supports two optional features that can be prepended to the text name:
*
_
- An
underscore
An underscore or underline is a line drawn under a segment of text. In proofreading, underscoring is a convention that says "set this text in italic type", traditionally used on manuscript or typescript as an instruction to the printer. Its ...
causes an
overbar
An overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a '' vinculum'', a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in ...
to be placed above the entire name, which commonly means an
active low signal. For example, "_RESET" is shown on the schematic as "".
*
$G_
- This means a node is global, no matter where the name occurs in the circuit hierarchy. For example, "$G_ENABLE" / "$G_ERROR". The ground symbol is treated in a similar way, but it does not have "$G_" prepended to it.
When a node/net name is placed on a schematic, it will have one of five different visual representations. Two are automatically determined, while three others are chosen by the "Port Type" field in the "Label Net" wizard.
*
None
- Bare text. This is the default.
*
Global
- "Rectangle" around the text. This is automatically shown for a global net name that starts with "$G_".
*
Input
- "Rectangle with triangle end" around the text. This is chosen by the "Port Type" field in the "Label Net" wizard.
*
Output
- "Rectangle with triangle on other end" around the text. This is chosen by the "Port Type" field in the "Label Net" wizard.
*
Bidirectional
- "Rectangle with triangle on two ends" around the text. This is chosen by the "Port Type" field in the "Label Net" wizard.
File format
Many of the LTspice files are stored as an
ASCII
ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable character, printable and 33 control character, control c ...
text file
A text file (sometimes spelled textfile; an old alternative name is flat file) is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text. A text file exists stored as data within a computer file system.
In ope ...
, which can be viewed or edited with any ASCII
text editor
A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text. An example of such program is "notepad" software (e.g. Windows Notepad). Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to c ...
program. One side benefit of an ASCII
file format
A file format is a Computer standard, standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium. File formats may be either proprietary format, pr ...
is that a schematic can be listed in any printed document, such as book, magazine, datasheet, research paper, or homework assignment, which allows recreating LTspice files without electronic file distribution.
LTspice
filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically d ...
s:
[What are the different LTspice file types; LTwiki.](_blank)
/ref>
* .asc
- schematic
A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a designed representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the key information the sc ...
. It consists of a netlist
In electronic design, a netlist is a description of the connectivity of an electronic circuit. In its simplest form, a netlist consists of a list of the electronic components in a circuit and a list of the nodes they are connected to. A netwo ...
based on SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
text-based commands.
* .asy
- electronic symbol
An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are ...
shown in a schematic.
* .cir
- external netlist input.
* .fft
- FFT binary output.
* .lib
- model library subcircuits.
* .plt
- waveform
In electronics, acoustics, and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its Graph of a function, graph as a function of time, independent of its time and Magnitude (mathematics), magnitude Scale (ratio), scales and of any dis ...
viewer plot settings.
* .raw
- binary output, optional ASCII output.
* .sub
- subcircuit.[Subcircuit structure guide; Audio perfection.](_blank)
/ref>
* .lib
/ .sub
/ .mod
/ .model
- device model. While any file extension is allowed, users tend to gravitate towards common ones.
Example
The following example can be viewed by copying each into two different text files. For each, copy the text in the gray box from this article, paste into an ASCII text editor
A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text. An example of such program is "notepad" software (e.g. Windows Notepad). Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to c ...
, saving as a text file. Both files must have the same "base name" and sit in the same directory. To see it, opening the "asc" file with LTspice then click the "Run" button inside LTspice software.
* LTspice_RC.asc
* LTspice_RC.plt
Schematic file
LTspice schematic
A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a designed representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the key information the sc ...
s are stored as an ASCII text file with a filename extension of "asc
".
The following example shows the contents from a small LTspice schematic file for a simple RC circuit
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage source, voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A fi ...
with four schematic symbols: V1 is 10 volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, Voltage#Galvani potential vs. electrochemical potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units, International System of Uni ...
DC voltage source, R1 is 1K ohm
Ohm (symbol Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance named after Georg Ohm.
Ohm or OHM may also refer to:
People
* Georg Ohm (1789–1854), German physicist and namesake of the term ''ohm''
* Germán Ohm (born 1936), Mexican boxer
* Jörg Ohm (1 ...
resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active e ...
, C1 is 1 uF capacitor
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term st ...
, ground. The bottom three TEXT lines are: 1) a transient simulation directive with a stop time parameter of 10 ms (.tran 10mS
), 2) a SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
directive to set the initial condition of RC "out" net to zero volts (.ic v(OUT)=0V
), and 3) a text comment (title).
Version 4
SHEET 1 880 680
WIRE 224 96 128 96
WIRE 128 160 128 96
WIRE 224 192 224 176
WIRE 288 192 224 192
WIRE 224 208 224 192
WIRE 128 288 128 240
WIRE 224 288 224 272
WIRE 224 288 128 288
WIRE 224 304 224 288
FLAG 224 304 0
FLAG 288 192 OUT
IOPIN 288 192 Out
SYMBOL res 208 80 R0
SYMATTR InstName R1
SYMATTR Value 1K
SYMBOL cap 208 208 R0
SYMATTR InstName C1
SYMATTR Value 1uF
SYMATTR SpiceLine V=50
SYMBOL voltage 128 144 R0
WINDOW 123 0 0 Left 0
WINDOW 39 0 0 Left 0
WINDOW 0 7 10 Left 2
WINDOW 3 -20 57 Left 2
SYMATTR InstName V1
SYMATTR Value 10V
TEXT 120 344 Left 2 !.tran 10mS
TEXT 120 376 Left 2 !.ic v(OUT)=0V
TEXT 8 72 Left 2; RC Circuit - LTspice - Wikipedia
Plot file
LTspice waveform
In electronics, acoustics, and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its Graph of a function, graph as a function of time, independent of its time and Magnitude (mathematics), magnitude Scale (ratio), scales and of any dis ...
viewer plot settings are stored as an ASCII text file with a filename extension of "plt
". If this optional plot file is present, then all plot planes will automatically be displayed after the "Run" button is pressed, otherwise the user will need to click on each net to see the waveform(s). To create a plot file on Windows, after a plot graph is displayed, right-click on it and choose "File", then choose "Save Plot Settings".Save Plot Configurations; LTwiki.
/ref>
The following example for the above schematic shows settings for a "transient analysis" simulation with two waveforms on one plot plane consisting of the RC voltage
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a Electrostatics, static electric field, it corresponds to the Work (electrical), ...
at "out" net and current
Currents, Current or The Current may refer to:
Science and technology
* Current (fluid), the flow of a liquid or a gas
** Air current, a flow of air
** Ocean current, a current in the ocean
*** Rip current, a kind of water current
** Current (hydr ...
through resistor R1, which are labeled V(out) and I(R1) at the top of the plot graph.
ransient Analysis
See also
* Transistor model
Transistors are simple devices with complicated behavior. In order to ensure the reliable operation of circuits employing transistors, it is necessary to scientifically model the physical phenomena observed in their operation using transistor mod ...
* Diode modelling
In electronics, diode modelling refers to the mathematical models used to approximate the actual behaviour of real diodes to enable calculations and circuit analysis. A diode's I- V curve is nonlinear.
A very accurate, but complicated, physical ...
* Compact Model Coalition The Compact Model Coalition (formerly the Compact Model Council) is a working group in the electronic design automation (EDA) industry formed to choose, maintain and promote the use of standard semiconductor device models. Commercial and industri ...
* Comparison of EDA software
This page is a comparison of electronic design automation (EDA) software which is used today to design the near totality of electronic devices. Modern electronic devices are too complex to be designed without the help of a computer. Electronic dev ...
* List of free electronics circuit simulators
List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE. The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not. ...
References
Further reading
''SPICE Differentiation''
Mike Engelhardt; Linear Technology; LT Journal of Analog Innovation; 7 pages; January 2015.
* ''The LTspice IV Simulator: Manual, Methods and Applications''; Gilles Brocard; Würth Elektronik; 744 pages; 2013; . (Table of Contents)
/small>
* ''Semiconductor Device Modeling with SPICE''; 2nd Ed; Giuseppe Massobrio and Paolo Antognetti; McGraw Hill; 479 pages; 1993; . (Table of Contents)
/small>
;Books with LTspice chapters
''Designing Audio Power Amplifiers''
2nd Ed; Bob Cordell; McGraw Hill; 776 pages; 2019; . (Chapters 23 & 24
(LTspice models)
/small>
1st Ed; Sid Antoch; Zap Studio; 128 pages; 2016; .
External links
;Analog–linear
*
LTspice Keyboard Shortcuts
MacOS Shortcuts
;Wiki & user group
LTwiki
LTspice User Group
- migrated from Yahoo in 2019
;Tutorials
LTspice IV Getting Started Guide
- Analog/Linear
Introduction to LTspice
- EEE202 - Arizona State University
More LTspice
- EEE202 - Arizona State University
Introduction to LTSpice XVII
- DigiKey
- Simon Bramble
*
;Other
Audio interview with Mike Engelhardt (author of LTspice)
- (1h32m) - The Amp Hour
{{CAD software
Electronic design automation software
Electronic circuit simulators
Simulation software