The Kuznetsov NK-12 is a
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
turboprop
A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. ...
engine of the 1950s, designed by the
Kuznetsov design bureau. The NK-12 drives two large four-bladed
contra-rotating propellers, diameter (NK-12MA), and diameter (NK-12MV). It is the most powerful turboprop engine to enter service.
Design and development
The design that eventually became the NK-12 turboprop was developed after
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
by a team of Soviet scientists and deported German engineers under
Ferdinand Brandner, who had worked for
Junkers
Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG (JFM, earlier JCO or JKO in World War I, English: Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works) more commonly Junkers , was a major German aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturer. It was founded there in Dessau, Ge ...
previously; the design bureau was headed by chief engineer Nikolai D. Kuznetsov. Thus, the NK-12 design evolved from late-war German turboprop studies. This started with the postwar development of the wartime
Jumo 022 turboprop design that was designed to develop , weighing . The effort continued with a , weighing , completed by 1947. Evolution to the
TV-12 engine required extensive use of new Soviet-developed alloys and was completed in 1951.
The NK-12 is the most powerful turboprop engine to enter service, ahead of the
Europrop TP400 (in 2005). Another engine of similar size, the
Pratt & Whitney T57 with and jet thrust, ran 3,100 hours before being cancelled in 1957.
The NK-12 powers the
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
bomber
A bomber is a military combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), launching torpedoes, or deploying air-launched cruise missiles. The first use of bombs dropped from an air ...
and its derivatives such as the
Tu-142
The Tupolev Tu-142 (russian: Туполев Ту-142; NATO reporting name: Bear F/J) is a Soviet/Russian maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft derived from the Tu-95 turboprop strategic bomber. A specialised communi ...
maritime patrol aircraft
A maritime patrol aircraft (MPA), also known as a patrol aircraft, maritime reconnaissance aircraft, or by the older American term patrol bomber, is a fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long durations over water in maritime patrol ro ...
and the
Tupolev Tu-114 airliner
An airliner is a type of aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an ai ...
(with NK-12MV), which still holds the title of the world's
fastest propeller-driven aircraft despite being retired from service in 1991. It also powered the
Antonov An-22 Antei (with NK-12MA), the world's largest aircraft at the time, and several types of amphibious assault craft, such as the
A-90 Orlyonok "
Ekranoplan".
The engine has a 14-stage axial-flow compressor, producing pressure ratios between 9:1 and 13:1 depending on altitude, with variable inlet guide vanes and blow-off valves for engine
operability. The combustion system used is a cannular-type: each flame tube is centrally mounted on a downstream injector that ends in an annular secondary region. The contra-rotating propellers and compressor are driven by the five-stage axial turbine. Mass flow is 65 kg (143 lb) per second.
Variants
Data from Alexandrov
;NK-12:, initial development model, used on the
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
and
Tupolev Tu-116
;NK-12M:, used on the
Tupolev Tu-114
;NK-12MV:,
AV-60 propellers, used on the
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
,
Tupolev Tu-126, and
Tupolev Tu-142
;NK-12MA:, AV-90 propellers, used on the
Antonov An-22
;NK-12MK:, propellers, built with corrosion-resistant materials, used on the
A-90 Orlyonok
;NK-12MP:,
modernized version used on the
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
MS and
Tupolev Tu-142M
;NK-12MPM: Upgraded version of the NK-12MP that develops more power, produces half the vibration and is paired with the
Aerosila AV-60T propeller; replaces the NK-12MP engine and AV-60K propeller on the
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
MS
Applications
*
A-90 Orlyonok
*
Antonov An-22
*
Tupolev Tu-95
The Tupolev Tu-95 (russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Long-Range Aviation of the ...
*
Tupolev Tu-114
*
Tupolev Tu-116
*
Tupolev Tu-126
*
Tupolev Tu-142
Specifications (NK-12MV)
See also
References
External links
ciad.ssau.ru - Imageairventure.de - Image, finnish museum*
{{Kuznetsov aeroengines
NK-12
1950s turboprop engines