The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta ( id, Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, jv, ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex in the city of
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
,
Yogyakarta Special Region
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (; id, Daerah Istimewa (D.I.) Yogyakarta) is a provincial-level autonomous region of Indonesia in southern Java. It has also been known as the Special Territory of Yogyakarta.
It is bordered by the Indian ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
. It is the seat of the reigning
Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of
Javanese culture
Javanese culture is the culture of the Javanese people.
Javanese culture is centered in the provinces of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java in Indonesia. Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as ...
, and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the
Yogyakarta Kraton Guards (
Indonesian: ''Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat'').
History
The complex was built in 1755–1756 (
AJ 1682) for
Hamengkubuwono I, the first
Sultan of Yogyakarta.
[OBYEK PENELITIAN]
http://elib.unikom.ac.id/ It was one of the monarch's first acts after the signing of the
Treaty of Giyanti, which recognized the creation of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta under the
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
.
A banyan forest, protected from flooding by its location between two rivers, was chosen as the site for the palace.
On 20 June 1812,
Sir Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He is ...
led a 1,200-strong
British and Irish force to attack the walled royal city of Yogyakarta. Although they outnumbered the British, the Javanese were unprepared for the attack. Yogyakarta fell in one day, and the palace was sacked and burnt. The attack was the first of its kind on a Javanese court, and the Sultanate briefly became subject to British authority before the
British government
ga, Rialtas a Shoilse gd, Riaghaltas a Mhòrachd
, image = HM Government logo.svg
, image_size = 220px
, image2 = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
, image_size2 = 180px
, caption = Royal Arms
, date_est ...
returned control of Indonesia to the Dutch. Most of the current palace was built by Sultan
Hamengkubuwono VIII (who reigned from 1921 to 1939), and was rebuilt after earthquakes in 1876 and 2006.
Architecture
The palace's chief architect was
Sultan Hamengkubuwono I
Hamengkubuwono I (Javanese script: ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤꦆ, Bahasa Jawa: ''Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I''), born Raden Mas Sujana (Kartasura, 16 August 1717Yogyakarta, 24 March 1792), was the first sultan of Yogyak ...
, who founded the
Yogyakarta Sultanate. His architectural expertise was appreciated by the Dutch scientist
Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud and
Lucien Adam, who considered him a worthy successor of
Pakubuwono II (founder of the
Surakarta Sunanate
Surakarta Sunanate ( id, Kasunanan Surakarta; jv, ꦟꦒꦫꦶꦑꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦠ꧀, ''Kasunanan/Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat''; nl, Soerakarta) was a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of ...
).
[Tulisan awal] The palace layout, which followed the basic design of the old city of Yogyakarta, was completed in 1755–1756; another building was added by a later Sultan of Yogyakarta.
The complex consists of a courtyard covered with sand from the south coast, a main building and a secondary building. The buildings are separated by a wall with a ''regol'' in ''semar tinandu'' style. The palace door is made of thick teak. Behind (or in front of) a gate in Javanese architecture is usually an insulating wall (''Renteng'' or ''Baturono''), sometimes with a distinctive, traditional ornament.
The wooden buildings of the complex have a traditional
Javanese architectural style, decorated with flora, fauna, or nature motifs. Foreign influences (
Portuguese,
Dutch, and
Chinese) are also seen. The buildings are of ''
joglo'' construction.
The trapezoidal ''joglo'' roof is usually covered with red or gray shingles, tiles, or zinc. It is supported by a central pillar (''
soko guru
Saka guru, or soko guru in Javanese, is the four main posts which supported certain Javanese buildings, e.g. the pendopo, the house proper and the mosque. The saka guru is the most fundamental element in Javanese architecture because it supports ...
'') and secondary pillars. Pillars are usually dark green or black, with yellow, light-green, red or gold highlights. Other wooden building elements match the pillars in color.
For the stone pedestal (''Ompak''), the black color is combined with gold ornamentation. White dominates the walls of the building and the complex. The floor, usually made of white marble or patterned tiles, is higher than the sandy courtyard. Some buildings have a higher main floor. Other buildings have a square stone (''Selo Gilang'') for the sultan's throne.
Each building is classified by use. The main-class building (used by the sultan) has more ornamentation than the lower-class buildings, which have simple ornamentation or none at all.
Symbolism
A ''kraton'' is a palace. ''Keraton'' is the living quarters of the royal family.
Tamarind
Tamarind (''Tamarindus indica'') is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is probably indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus ''Tamarindus'' is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs to the family Fabacea ...
and
Spanish cherry
''Mimusops elengi'' is a medium-sized evergreen tree found in tropical forests in South Asia, Southeast Asia and northern Australia. English common names include Spanish cherry,Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Ho ...
trees line the road from Krapyak Hunting House to the palace, which runs from Tugu Yogyakarta to the palace.
Tugu Yogyakarta (the Gilig golong monument), on the north side of the old city, symbolizes "unification between the king (''golong'') and the people (''gilig'')" (Javanese: ''manunggaling kawulo gusti''). It also symbolizes the final unity of the creator (Khalik) and his subjects. The Gate Donopratoro (gate to the Kedaton quarter) represents "a good person is someone who is generous and knows how to control his lust", and the two Dwarapala statues (Balabuta and Cinkarabala) represent good and evil. The palace's artifacts are believed to have the power to repulse evil.
Performances
The palace hosts ''
gamelan'' (music),
Javanese dance, ''
macapat'' (poetry), and ''
wayang'' (shadow puppetry) performances.
In popular culture
The Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat was the second Pit Stop in ''
The Amazing Race 19''.
Gallery
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 14.JPG, alt=Front of palace, with two trees, Front of palace
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 9.JPG, alt=Corner of palace, with marble floor and plants, Corner of palace
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 2.JPG, alt=Large interior space with pillars, Pavilion
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 29.JPG, alt=Ornate ceiling with chandelier, Palace ceiling
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 19.JPG, alt=Wooden sedan chair, Sedan chair
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 20.JPG, alt=Birdcage on a floor, Artifacts
File:Kraton Yogyakarta pan.JPG, alt=Courtyard with trees, Courtyard
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 10.JPG, alt=Small, simple pavilion, Pavilion
File:Jogja.kraton2.jpg, alt=Path with awning, Inner court
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 15.JPG, alt=Ornate railing with a mask, Railing
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 31.JPG, alt=Elephant statue, Ganesha
Ganesha ( sa, गणेश, ), also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in Ganapatya sect. His image is found throughout India. Hindu ...
File:Kraton Yogyakarta 7.JPG, alt=Gray statue, Guardian statue
File:Jogja.kraton.jpg, alt=Building interior, with square wood pillars, Main pavilion
File:Kraton Yogya Java316.jpg, alt=Interior with green pillars, Wooden Javanese pillars
File:Kraton Jogja-Gamelan.jpg, alt=Five men playing percussion instruments, Gamelan performance
File:Kraton Jogja-Donopratono gate.jpg, alt=Front of white building, with two statues in front, Donopratono gate and guardian statues
See also
*
List of monarchs of Java
*
Fort Vredeburg
Fort Vredeburg Museum (official name: ''Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta'') was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The military complex has been converted into a museum of the ...
*
Gedung Agung
The Gedung Agung (English'': The Great Building'') is one of six presidential palaces of Indonesia, it is located in the city of Yogyakarta. The palace complex covers an area of approximately 4.4 hectares. It is located in front of Fort Vredeburg ...
*
Taman Sari (Yogyakarta)
*
List of palaces in Indonesia
References
Further reading
*
*
External links
Kraton Yogyakarta Hadinigratat Yogyakarta government official website
KratonJogja.com created by
Gadjah Mada University
Gadjah Mada University ( jv, ꦈꦤꦶꦥ꦳ꦼꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦓꦗꦃꦩꦢ; id, Universitas Gadjah Mada, abbreviated as UGM) is a public research university located in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Officially founded ...
Kraton Yogya
{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia
Buildings and structures in Yogyakarta
Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Yogyakarta
Tourist attractions in Yogyakarta
World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
Yogyakarta Palace