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France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the
Second French Empire The Second French Empire (; officially the French Empire, ), was the 18-year Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France. Historians in the 1930s ...
in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French
historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians h ...
usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia.


Titles

The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
: ''Rex Franciae'';
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
: ''roi de France'') was Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ''Francorum Rex'' continued to be sometimes used, for example by Louis XII in 1499, by
Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...
in 1515, and by Henry II in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the eighteenth century. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the
July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (french: révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after French Revolution, the first in 1789. It led to ...
in 1830, the style " King of the French" (''roi des Français'') was used instead of " King of France (and Navarre)". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France. With the House of Bonaparte, the title " Emperor of the French" (''Empereur des Français'') was used in 19th-century France (during the first and second French Empires) between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870. From the 14th century down to 1801, the English (and later British) monarch claimed the throne of France, though such claim was purely nominal excepting a short period during the
Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagen ...
when
Henry VI of England Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne ...
had control over most of Northern France, including Paris. By 1453, the English had been mostly expelled from France and Henry's claim has since been considered illegitimate; French historiography commonly does not recognize Henry VI of England among the kings of France.


Frankish kings

In August 843 AD, the
Treaty of Verdun The Treaty of Verdun (), agreed in , divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I, the son and successor of Charlemagne. The treaty was concluded following almost three years of civil war and ...
divided
Francia Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks ( la, Regnum Francorum), Frankish Kingdom, Frankland or Frankish Empire ( la, Imperium Francorum), was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks du ...
into three kingdoms, one of which ( Middle Francia) was short-lived; the other two evolved into France (
West Francia In medieval history, West Francia (Medieval Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the West Franks () refers to the western part of the Frankish Empire established by Charlemagne. It represents the earliest stage of the Kingdom of France, lasting from ab ...
) and, eventually, Germany ( East Francia). By this time, the eastern and western parts of the land had already developed different languages and cultures.


Carolingian dynasty (843–887)

The Carolingians were a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and '' dux et princeps Francorum'' hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the Merovingian kings. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace,
Charles Martel Charles Martel ( – 22 October 741) was a Frankish political and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death. He was a son of the Frankish statesm ...
, whose son Pepin the Short dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the
Papacy The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
and the aristocracy, was crowned King of the Franks. Under Charles the Great (r. 768–814), better known as "
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first E ...
", the Frankish kingdom expanded deep into
Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the a ...
, conquering
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
and most of modern
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
. He was succeeded by his son
Louis the Pious Louis the Pious (german: Ludwig der Fromme; french: Louis le Pieux; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aqu ...
(r. 814–840), who eventually divided the kingdom between his sons. His death, however, was followed by a 3-year-long civil war that ended with the
Treaty of Verdun The Treaty of Verdun (), agreed in , divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I, the son and successor of Charlemagne. The treaty was concluded following almost three years of civil war and ...
. Modern France developed from
West Francia In medieval history, West Francia (Medieval Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the West Franks () refers to the western part of the Frankish Empire established by Charlemagne. It represents the earliest stage of the Kingdom of France, lasting from ab ...
, while East Francia became the
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...
and later
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
.


Robertian The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are the proposed Frankish family which was ancestral to the Capetian dynasty, and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries. The Capetians appear first ...
dynasty (888–898)


Carolingian dynasty (898–922)


Robertian The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are the proposed Frankish family which was ancestral to the Capetian dynasty, and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries. The Capetians appear first ...
dynasty (922–923)


Bosonid The Bosonids were a dynasty of Carolingian era dukes, counts, bishops and knights descended from Boso the Elder. Eventually they married into the Carolingian dynasty and produced kings and an emperor of the Frankish Empire. The first great scion ...
dynasty (923–936)


Carolingian dynasty (936–987)


Capetian dynasty (987–1792)

The Capetian dynasty is named for Hugh Capet, a
Robertian The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are the proposed Frankish family which was ancestral to the Capetian dynasty, and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries. The Capetians appear first ...
who served as
Duke of France The title Duke of the Franks ( la, dux Francorum) has been used for three different offices, always with "duke" implying military command and "prince" implying something approaching sovereign or regalian rights. The term "Franks" may refer to an ...
and was elected King in 987. Except for the Bonaparte-led Empires, every monarch of France was a male-line descendant of Hugh Capet. The kingship passed through patrilineally from father to son until the 14th century, a period known as
Direct Capetian The House of Capet (french: Maison capétienne) or the Direct Capetians (''Capétiens directs''), also called the House of France (''la maison de France''), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most ...
rule. Afterwards, it passed to the House of Valois, a cadet branch that claimed descent from Phillip III. The Valois claim was disputed by the House of Plantagenet, founded by
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Handsome, the Fair (french: link=no, le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144. ...
, which had also recently come into possession of the
throne of England The Throne of England is the throne of the Monarch of England. "Throne of England" also refers metonymically to the office of monarch, and monarchy itself.Gordon, Delahay. (1760) ''A General History of the Lives, Trials, and Executions of All the ...
; the two houses fought the Hundred Years War over the issue, and with
Henry VI of England Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne ...
being for a time partially recognized as King of France. The Valois line died out in the late 16th century, during the
French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estimates, between two and four mil ...
, to be replaced by the distantly related
House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a European dynasty of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spani ...
, which claimed descent through the Direct Capetian
Louis IX Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the House of Capet, Direct Capetians. He was Coronation of the French monarch, c ...
. The Bourbons would rule France until deposed in the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...
, though they would be restored to the throne after the fall of Napoleon's empire. The last Capetian to rule would be Louis Philippe I, king of the
July Monarchy The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 ...
, a member of the cadet House of Bourbon-Orléans.


House of Capet (987–1328)

The House of Capet are also commonly known as the "Direct Capetians".


House of Valois (1328–1589)

The death of Charles IV started the
Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagen ...
between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet (whose claim was taken up by the cadet branch known as the House of Lancaster) over control of the French throne. The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only primogeniture through the ancient Salic Law, having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. The Plantagenets based their claim on being closer to a more recent French king,
Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring ...
being a grandson of Philip IV through his mother, Isabella. The two houses fought the Hundred Years War to enforce their claims; the Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings. One Plantagenet,
Henry VI of England Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne ...
, did enjoy ''
de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legall ...
'' control of the French throne following the Treaty of Troyes, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the
French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estimates, between two and four mil ...
. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French with Joan II, a daughter of Louis X.


House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)


House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)


House of Bourbon (1589–1792)

The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs. His first son, Francis II, died in his minority. His second son, Charles IX, had no legitimate sons to inherit. Following the premature death of his fourth son Hercule François and the assassination of his third son, the childless Henry III, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne. The best claimant, King Henry III of Navarre, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility. Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as King Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon. This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch; as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars. The House of Bourbon would be overthrown during the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...
and replaced by a short-lived republic.


Long 19th-century (1792–1870)

The period known as the "long nineteenth century" was a tumultuous time in French politics, the period is generally considered to have begun with the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...
, which deposed and then executed
Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
. Royalists continued to recognize his son, the putative king Louis XVII as ruler of France, however Louis was under arrest by the government of the Revolution, and died in captivity having never ruled. The republican government itself went through several changes in form and constitution until France was declared an empire following the ascension of the
First Consul The Consulate (french: Le Consulat) was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term ''The Co ...
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
as Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon himself would be overthrown twice following military defeats during the
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...
. After the Napoleonic period followed two different royal governments, the
Bourbon Restoration Bourbon Restoration may refer to: France under the House of Bourbon: * Bourbon Restoration in France (1814, after the French revolution and Napoleonic era, until 1830; interrupted by the Hundred Days in 1815) Spain under the Spanish Bourbons: * Ab ...
, which was ruled successively by two younger brothers of Louis XVI, and the
July Monarchy The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 ...
, ruled by Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin who claimed descent from
Louis XIII Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crow ...
. The French Revolution of 1848 brought an end to the monarchy again, instituting a brief Second Republic that lasted only four years before its President declared himself Emperor
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...
, who would himself be deposed and replaced by the Third Republic, and ending monarchic rule in France for good.


House of Bourbon, claimant (1792–1804)


House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)


House of Bourbon (1814–1815)


House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)


Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)


House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)

The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the
July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (french: révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after French Revolution, the first in 1789. It led to ...
of 1830 which deposed Charles X and replaced him with Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled.


House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)

The
French Second Republic The French Second Republic (french: Deuxième République Française or ), officially the French Republic (), was the republican government of France that existed between 1848 and 1852. It was established in February 1848, with the February Re ...
lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French under the regnal name of
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...
. He would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War, becoming the last monarch to rule France.


Later pretenders

Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France and of one another. These groups are: * Legitimist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of the Bourbons. Unionists recognized the Orléanist claimant after 1883. *
Blancs d'Espagne Blancs d'Espagne ("Spanish Whites") was a term used to refer to those legitimists in France who, following the death of the Comte de Chambord in 1883, supported the Spanish Carlist claimant rather than the Orleanist candidate, who was supported ...
: descendants of
Louis XIV Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the Li ...
, claiming precedence over the House of Bourbon-Orléans by virtue of primogeniture. * Orléanist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Louis-Phillippe, himself descended from a junior line of the Bourbon dynasty, rejecting all heads of state since 1848. * Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48 and since 1870. * English claimants to the throne of France: kings of England and later of Great Britain (renounced by Hanoverian King
George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
upon union with Ireland in 1800). * Jacobite claimants to the throne of France: senior heirs-general of Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne, also claiming England, Scotland, and Ireland.


Timeline

ImageSize = width:1600 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:150 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:843 till:1871 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:900 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:850 Colors = id:canvas value:white id:carolingian value:rgb(1,0.8,0) id:robertian value:skyblue id:bosonid value:rgb(0.7,0.1,0.1) id:capet value:darkblue id:valois value:oceanblue id:lancaster value:red id:bourbon value:rgb(0,0.75,1) id:orleans value:green id:bonaparte value:purple id:republic value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:eon value:black Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = bar:CharlesIIandI bar:LouisII bar:LouisIII bar:CarlomanII bar:CharlesIIIandII bar:Odo bar:CharlesIII bar:RobertI bar:Rudolph bar:LouisIV bar:Lothair bar:LouisV bar:Hugh bar:RobertII bar:HenryI bar:PhilipI bar:LouisVI bar:LouisVII bar:PhilipII bar:LouisVIII bar:LouisIX bar:PhilipIII bar:PhilipIV bar:LouisX bar:JohnI bar:PhilipV bar:CharlesIV bar:PhilipVI bar:JohnII bar:CharlesV bar:CharlesVI bar:CharlesVII bar:HenryVILancaster bar:LouisXI bar:CharlesVIII bar:LouisXII bar:FrancisI bar:HenryII bar:FrancisII bar:CharlesIX bar:HenryIII bar:HenryIV bar:HenryD bar:LouisXIII bar:LouisXIV bar:LouisXV bar:LouisXVI bar:LouisXVII bar:NapoleonI bar:LouisXVIII bar:NapoleonII bar:CharlesX bar:LouisXIX bar:HenryV bar:LouisPhilipI bar:LouisPhilipII bar:NapoleonIII bar:Space bar:eon PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:CharlesIIandI from:843 till: 877 color:carolingian text:"
Charles the Bald Charles the Bald (french: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as Charles II, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), king of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a se ...
" bar:LouisII from:877 till: 879 color:carolingian text:"
Louis the Stammerer Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer (french: Louis le Bègue; 1 November 846 – 10 April 879), was the king of Aquitaine and later the king of West Francia. He was the eldest son of Emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis ...
" bar:LouisIII from:879 till: 882 color:carolingian text:"
Louis III Louis III may refer to: * Louis the Younger, sometimes III of Germany (835–882) * Louis III of France (865–882) * Louis the Blind, Louis III, Holy Roman Emperor, (c. 880–928) * Louis the Child, sometimes III of Germany (893–911) * Louis II ...
" bar:CarlomanII from:882 till: 884 color:carolingian text:" Carloman_II" bar:CharlesIIIandII from:882 till: 888 color:carolingian text:" Charles the Fat" bar:Odo from:888 till: 898 color:robertian text:" Odo of Paris" bar:CharlesIII from:898 till: 922 color:carolingian text:" Charles the Simple" bar:RobertI from:922 till: 923 color:robertian text:" Robert I" bar:Rudolph from:923 till: 936 color:bosonid text:" Rudolph" bar:LouisIV from:936 till:954 color:carolingian text:" Louis of Outremer" bar:Lothair from:954 till:986 color:carolingian text:" Lothair" bar:LouisV from:986 till:987 color:carolingian text:"
Louis V Louis V may refer to: * Louis V of France (967–987) * Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and V of Germany (1282–1347) * Louis V, Duke of Bavaria (1315–1361) * Louis V, Elector Palatine (ruled 1508–1544) * Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt L ...
" bar:Hugh from:987 till:996 color:capet text:" Hugh Capet" bar:RobertII from:996 till:1031 color:capet text:" Robert II" bar:HenryI from:1031 till:1060 color:capet text:"
Henry I Henry I may refer to: 876–1366 * Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936) * Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955) * Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018) * Henry I of France (1008–1060) * Henry I the Long, Margrave of the N ...
" bar:PhilipI from:1060 till:1108 color:capet text:" Philip I" bar:LouisVI from:1108 till:1137 color:capet text:" Louis VI" bar:LouisVII from:1137 till:1180 color:capet text:" Louis VII" bar:PhilipII from:1180 till:1223 color:capet text:" Philip II Augustus" bar:LouisVIII from:1223 till:1226 color:capet text:" Louis VIII" bar:LouisIX from:1226 till:1270 color:capet text:"
Louis IX Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the House of Capet, Direct Capetians. He was Coronation of the French monarch, c ...
" bar:PhilipIII from:1270 till:1285 color:capet text:" Philip III" bar:PhilipIV from:1285 till:1314 color:capet text:" Philip IV" bar:LouisX from:1314 till:1316 color:capet text:"
Louis X Louis X may refer to: * Louis X of France, "the Quarreller" (1289–1316). * Louis X, Duke of Bavaria (1495–1545) * Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was '' ...
" bar:JohnI from:1316 till:1316 color:capet text:"
John I John I may refer to: People * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526 * John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna * John I ...
" bar:PhilipV from:1316 till:1322 color:capet text:" Philip V" bar:CharlesIV from:1322 till:1328 color:capet text:" Charles IV" bar:PhilipVI from:1328 till:1350 color:valois text:" Philip VI" bar:JohnII from:1350 till:1364 color:valois text:" John II" bar:CharlesV from:1364 till:1380 color:valois text:" Charles V" bar:CharlesVI from:1380 till:1422 color:valois text:" Charles VI" bar:CharlesVII from:1422 till:1461 color:valois text:" Charles VII" bar:HenryVILancaster from:1422 till:1453 color:lancaster text:" Henry (II) (Disputed)" bar:LouisXI from:1461 till:1483 color:valois text:" Louis XI" bar:CharlesVIII from:1483 till:1498 color:valois text:" Charles VIII" bar:LouisXII from:1498 till:1515 color:valois text:" Louis XII" bar:FrancisI from:1515 till:1547 color:valois text:"
Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...
" bar:HenryII from:1547 till:1559 color:valois text:" Henry II" bar:FrancisII from:1559 till:1560 color:valois text:" Francis II" bar:CharlesIX from:1560 till:1574 color:valois text:" Charles IX" bar:HenryIII from:1574 till:1589 color:valois text:" Henry III" bar:HenryIV from:1589 till:1610 color:bourbon text:" Henry IV" bar:HenryD from:1589 till:1590 color:bourbon text:" Charles (X)" (Disputed) bar:LouisXIII from:1610 till:1643 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XIII Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crow ...
" bar:LouisXIV from:1643 till:1715 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XIV Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the Li ...
" bar:LouisXV from:1715 till:1774 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reache ...
" bar:LouisXVI from:1774 till:1792 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
" bar:LouisXVII from:1792 till:1795 color:bourbon text:" Louis XVII (Disputed)" bar:NapoleonI from:1804 till:1814 color:bonaparte from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:"
Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
" bar:LouisXVIII from:1815 till:1815 color:bourbon from:1815 till:1824 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
" bar:NapoleonII from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:" Napoleon II (Disputed)" bar:CharlesX from:1824 till:1830 color:bourbon text:" Charles X" bar:LouisXIX from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:" Louis (XIX) (Disputed)" bar:HenryV from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:" Henry (V) (Disputed)" bar:LouisPhilipI from:1830 till:1848 color:orleans text:" Louis Philippe I" bar:LouisPhilipII from:1848 till:1848 color:orleans text:" Louis Philippe II (Disputed)" bar:NapoleonIII from:1852 till:1870 color:bonaparte text:"
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...
" align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:6 shift:(-33,5) bar:eon color:eon from: 843 till: 888 color:carolingian text: Carolingian shift:(2,5) from: 888 till: 898 color:robertian text:
Robertian The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are the proposed Frankish family which was ancestral to the Capetian dynasty, and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries. The Capetians appear first ...
from: 898 till: 922 color:carolingian from: 922 till: 923 color:robertian shift:(-8,5) from: 923 till: 936 color:bosonid text:
Bosonid The Bosonids were a dynasty of Carolingian era dukes, counts, bishops and knights descended from Boso the Elder. Eventually they married into the Carolingian dynasty and produced kings and an emperor of the Frankish Empire. The first great scion ...
from: 936 till: 987 color:carolingian shift:(-40,5) from: 987 till: 1328 color:capet text:
Capet The House of Capet (french: Maison capétienne) or the Direct Capetians (''Capétiens directs''), also called the House of France (''la maison de France''), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most ...
from: 1328 till: 1589 color:valois text: Valois from: 1589 till: 1792 color:bourbon text: Bourbon from: 1792 till: 1804 color:republic shift:(-8,5) from: 1804 till: 1814 color:bonaparte text: Bonaparte from: 1814 till: 1815 color:bourbon from: 1815 till: 1815 color:bonaparte from: 1815 till: 1830 color:bourbon shift:(-10,5) from: 1830 till: 1848 color:orleans text:
Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and
Family tree of French monarchs Below are the family trees of all French monarchs, from Childeric I to Louis Philippe I. For a more simplified view, see Family tree of French monarchs (simplified) Key Unlike in some other family trees, siblings here are not listed in birth order ...
*
Family tree of French monarchs (simplified) This is a simplified family tree of all Frankish and French monarchs, from Childeric I to Napoleon III. Merovingian Dynasty Carolingian Dynasty Capetian dynasty ...
*
Style of the French sovereign The precise style of French sovereigns varied over the years. Currently, there is no French sovereign; three distinct traditions (the Legitimist, the Orleanist, and the Bonapartist) exist, each claiming different forms of title. The three styles ...
*
English claims to the French throne From the 1340s to the 19th century, excluding two brief intervals in the 1360s and the 1420s, the kings and queens of England and Ireland (and, later, of Great Britain) also claimed the throne of France. The claim dates from Edward III, who cl ...
* List of French royal consorts *
List of heirs to the French throne The following is a list of the heirs to the throne'' of the Kingdom of France, that is, those who were legally next in line to assume the throne upon the death of the King. From 987 to 1792, all heirs to the French throne were male-line descen ...
* List of presidents of France


Notes


Coronations


References


Citations


Main bibliography

* * * * Jacquin, Emmanuel (2000), ''Les Tuileries, Du Louvre à la Concorde'', Editions du Patrimoine, Centres des Monuments Nationaux, Paris. () * * * * *


Secondary bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Further reading

* * * * * {{Featured list French monarchs
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
Monarch A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority ...