Kentriodontidae
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Kentriodontidae is an extinct family of odontocete whales related to modern
dolphins A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (t ...
. The Kentriodontidae lived from the
Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but t ...
to the
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
.


Taxonomy

Kentriodontids have been variously divided into three or four subfamilies: Kampholophinae, Kentriodontinae, Lophocetinae, and Pithanodelphinae. However, recent cladistic studies have recovered Kentriodontidae as paraphyletic. Pyenson ND Vélez-Juarbe J Gutstein CS Little H Vigil D O’Dea A . 2015. Isthminia panamensis, a new fossil inioid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Chagres Formation of Panama and the evolution of ‘river dolphins’ in the Americas. PeerJ 3: e1227.O. Lambert, G. Bianucci, M. Urbina and J. H. Geisler. 2017. A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179:919-946. For instance, ''"Lophocetus" pappus'' may be a close relative of
Lipotidae Lipotidae is a family of river dolphins containing the possibly extinct baiji of China and the fossil genus ''Parapontoporia'' from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of the Pacific coast of North America. The genus '' Prolipotes'', which is based ...
, '' "Delphinodon" dividum'' is basal to other delphinidans, '' Incacetus'' is probably a member of Inioidea, and ''Atocetus'' and ''Lophocetus'' have been recovered as a pontoporiid and ziphiid sister taxon respectively, while ''
Hadrodelphis ''Hadrodelphis'' is an extinct genus of dolphin once assigned to the paraphyletic/polyphyletic family Kentriodontidae. Remains have been found in the middle Miocene (Langhian) Calvert Formation of United States. Taxonomy ''Harodelphis'' is simil ...
'', ''Kampholophos'', ''
Macrokentriodon ''Macrokentriodon'' is an extinct genus of giant dolphin once assigned to the paraphyletic/polyphyletic family Kentriodontidae. Remains have been found in the late Miocene (Serravallian) Choptank Formation of United States. ''Macrokentriodon'' ...
'', and ''"Lophocetus" pappus'' are recovered in a clade phylogenetically intermediate between ''Kentriodon'' and derived delphinidans ((Inioidea+Lipotidae)+Delphinoidea). Peredo et al. (2018) restrict Kentriodon to ''Kampholophos'', ''Kentriodon'', ''Rudicetus'', and ''Wimahl'', and remove Pithanodelphininae and its putative constituent genera ('' Leptodelphis'', '' Pithanodelphis'', '' Sarmatodelphis'', '' Sophianacetus'', and ''
Tagicetus ''Tagicetus'' is an extinct genus of dolphin belonging to the polyphyletic family Kentriodontidae. Although classified in the subfamily Kentriodontinae by Lambert et al. (2005), recent cladistic analysis places it as closer to extant delphinoids ...
'') as well as '' Microphocaena'' from Kentriodontidae.Carlos Mauricio Peredo, Mark D. Uhen & Margot D. Nelson (2018): A new kentriodontid (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the early Miocene Astoria Formation and a revision of the stem delphinidan family Kentriodontidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1411357


Genera

* '' Kampholophos'' * ''
Kentriodon ''Kentriodon'' is an extinct genus of toothed whale related to modern-day dolphins. Fossils have been found in North America, Europe and Japan. Several species have been described. Description ''Kentriodon'' was the most diverse of all the ...
'' * '' Rudicetus'' * '' Sophianaecetus'' * ''
Wimahl ''Wimahl'' is a genus of cetacean that belongs to the family Kentriodontidae. It lived in the Miocene period. It contains a single species, ''Wimahl chinookensis''. The name ''Wimahl'' translates to "big river" in the local Chinook language. Di ...
'' * '' Belonodelphis''? * ''
Liolithax ''Liolithax'' is an extinct genus of dolphin from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Temblor Formation of California. Taxonomy ''Liolithax kernensis'', described by Remington Kellogg on the basis of the periotic CAS 4370 in 1931, was considered t ...
''?


Notes


References

* Ichishima, H., Barnes, L. G., Fordyce, R. E., Kimura, M. and Bohaska, D. J. (1994), A review of kentriodontine dolphins (Cetacea; Deiphinoidea; Kentriodontidae): Systematics and biogeography. ''Island Arc'', 3: 486–492. doi
10.1111/j.1440-1738.1994.tb00127.x
* 2005: A new kentriodontid (Cetacea: Delphinoidea) from the Middle Miocene of Hungary. ''Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fuer Naturkunde in Berlin Geowissenschaftliche Reihe'', 8: 53–73. * 2006: ''Sophianaecetus'', a replacement name for ''Mediocris'' (Cetacea: Delphinoidea: Kentriodontidae). ''Fossil record'', 9: 260. * 2006: The generic name ''Mediocris'' (Cetacea: Delphinoidea: Kentriodontidae), belongs to a foraminiferan. ''Fossil record'', 9: 259. Prehistoric toothed whales Oligocene cetaceans Miocene cetaceans Pliocene cetaceans Oligocene first appearances Pliocene extinctions Prehistoric mammal families {{paleo-whale-stub