Kalanguya people
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The Kalanguya (also sometimes referred to as the Ikalahan) are an Austronesian ethnic group most closely associated with the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
'
Cordillera Administrative Region The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
, but whose core population can be found across an area which also includes the provinces of
Nueva Vizcaya Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya ( ilo, Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya; gad, Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya; Pangasinan: ''Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya''; tl, Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya ), is a landlocked province in the ...
,
Nueva Ecija Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija ( tgl, Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija , also ; ilo, Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Ecija; Kapampangan: ''Lalawigan/Probinsia ning Nueva Ecija''), is a landlocked province ...
, and Pangasinan. While this area spans Region I, the Cordillera Administrative Region, and Region II, it represents a largely geographically contiguous area. The Kalanguya are considered a subgroup of the Ifugao people.


Names

The term "Kallahan" is sometimes also used to refer to the Kalanguya people's
native language A first language, native tongue, native language, mother tongue or L1 is the first language or dialect that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongu ...
. The Kalanguya population in Nueva Vizcaya has also been identified in anthropological literature as "Ikal-lahan". Those who reside in Tinoc and Buguias call themselves Kalangoya. Those who reside in Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino call themselves Ikalahans. In the past this ethnolinguistic group was known as Kalanggutan, Keley'I, Mandek'ey, Yatukka, or Kalangoya.


Language

Kalanguya was once the most spoken language in most parts of today's Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, Mountain Province, and some parts of Nueva Ecija.


Culture

There are two classes of society, the rich (''baknang'' or ''Kadangyan'') and the poor (''biteg'' or ''abiteng''). Ikalahan practice swidden (“slash-and-burn”) farming (''inum-an'') of
camote The sweet potato or sweetpotato (''Ipomoea batatas'') is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable. The young shoot ...
, and yam (''gabi''). Ikalahan houses, traditionally made for one nuclear family, have reeds (''pal-ot'') or cogon (''gulon'') for roofs, barks or slabs of trees for the walls, and palm strips (''balagnot'') for the floor. The houses are traditionally rectangular and raised from the ground 3–5 feet, with one main room for general activities and one window and door. There is usually a separate room (''duwag'') for visitors or single family members only, opposite the kitchen area. Two stone stoves are on a hearth, one cooks meals for the pigs in a copper cauldron (''gambang''), the other for the household. Shelves (''pagyay'') keep household utensils, including wooden bowls (''duyo'') and camote trays (''ballikan'' or ''tallaka'') made of rattan. Camote peelings (''dahdah'') or rejects (''padiw'') are fed to the pigs, which are herded under the living area or in a sty near the house. The Ikalahan, like many ethnic groups, enjoy using musical instruments in celebration, most of which are made out of bamboo. Gongs (''gangha'') are the primary instruments used, and are complemented by drums. They also use a native guitar, or ''galdang'', and a vibrating instrument called the ''pakgong'' played by striking, besides the Jew's harp (''Ko-ling''). For clothing, Ikalahan men wear a loincloth or
G-string A G-string is a type of thong, a narrow piece of fabric, leather, or satin that covers or holds the genitals, passes between the buttocks, and is attached to a waistband around the hips. A G-string can be worn both by men and by women. It may ...
(''kubal''), and carry backpacks (''akbot'') made out of deer hide. Men almost always carry a bolo when leaving the house. Women wear woven skirts (''lakba'') around the waist, made up of flaps of different color combinations. They wear a blouse from the same material. They use a basket (''kayabang'') carried on the back for carrying their farming tools. Body ornaments include brass coiled bracelets (''gading'' or ''batling''). Society authority rests with the elders (''nangkaama''), with the ''tongtongan'' conference being the final say in matters. Feasts include the ''keleng'' for healing the sick, ancestor remembrance, and other occasions. A sponsor may also hold a ten-day feast, ''padit''. The Kalanguya plant and consume talon rice in limited areas. Camote, gabi, beans, bananas, ginger and other fruit trees are also planted. Animals consumed include wild pigs, deer, birds, wild chickens and fishes. Domesticated pigs was not only used for consumption but also as a symbol of wealth while domesticated chicken are used as a source of food during childbirth or illness but is not a part of the regular diet.


See also

*
Igorot people The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...


References

Igorot {{Philippines-stub