Kormisosh (), also known as Kormesiy, Kormesios, Krumesis, Kormisoš, or Cormesius, was a ruler of

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

during the 8th century, recorded in a handful of documents. Modern chronologies of Bulgarian rulers place him either as the successor of Tervel and predecessor of Sevar, or the successor of Sevar and predecessor of Vineh.

Sources

Kormisosh is mentioned in the '' Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans'',Gibbon, Edward (1897
''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', vol. 6, pp. 546–547
/ref> a 9th–11th century document recording early Bulgarian rulers, wherein he is placed between the rulers Sevar and Vineh, is said to have ruled for 17 years, and is assigned to the Vokil clan. The assignment to the Vokil clan is notable given that all of the previous rulers were assigned to the Dulo clan. Kormisosh is also recorded in the ''Chronicle'' of the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor, recorded to have variously fought against and allied with the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...

. Most notably, he is said to have allied with the emperors Theodosius III (715–717) and Leo III (717–741) against the

Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member o ...

, helping to break the Siege of Constantinople (717–718). He is also said to have signed a trade agreement with Theodosius III. Contradictingly, other documents indicate that Kormisosh was a contemporary of Emperor Constantine V (741–775), whom he warred against (at one point Kormisosh's forces are said to have reached

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

itself).

Chronology

Some Bulgarian scholars consider the contradictory dates of the two surviving references to Kormisosh to indicate that they refer to two different rulers, placing a "Kormesiy" as reigning between Tervel and Sevar, and a separate "Kormisosh" as reigning between Sevar and Vineh. Most researchers however believe there to have been only one such ruler, chronologically misplaced by one of the sources. It is for instance often considered likely that the early placement of Kormisosh in the works of Theophanes is an error and that the Bulgarian ruler actually meant is Tervel. Fine (1991) and Detrez (2014) place Kormisosh between Sevar and Vineh, reigning 739–756. Treadgold (1997) likewise places him between Sevar and Vineh, though dates him to 750–762. Morby (2014) and Curta (2019) however place Kormisosh between Tervel and Sevar and dates his reign to 721–738.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kormisosh Of Bulgaria 756 deaths Monarchs of the Bulgars 8th-century Bulgarian monarchs Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars Year of birth unknown

Sources

Chronology

See also

References