The Kibbutz Movement (, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest

settlement movement The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in the United Kingdom and the United States. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity an ...

for

kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...

im in

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the Religious Kibbutz Movement with its 16 kibbutzim or the two Poalei Agudat Yisrael-affiliated religious kibbutzim.

United Kibbutz Movement

The United Kibbutz Movement (, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit HaMeuhedet''), also known by its Hebrew acronym ''TaKaM'' (), was founded in 1981 and was largely aligned with the Labor Party and its predecessors. It had been formed by a merger itself, when ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' and ''Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim'' came together. Consequently, their respective youth movements merged into the Habonim Dror youth movement. In 1999 a third movement, Artzi, joined the United Kibbutz Movement, although it maintains a certain autonomy, as does its Hashomer Hatzair youth movement.

History

HaKibbutz HaMeuhad

HaKibbutz HaMeuhad (''The United Kibbutz'') had been formed in 1927 by the union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with the Poale Zion and later Ahdut HaAvoda parties and was aligned with the Habonim youth movement.

Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim

Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim (, lit. ''Union of the

Kvutzot A kvutza, kvutzah, kevutza or kevutzah ( "group") is a form of cooperative settlement that was founded in the Second Aliyah and developed in the Third Aliyah, its principles are based on the existence of a cooperative, communal, small and intimat ...

and the Kibbutzim'') had been formed in 1951 by the union of ''Hever HaKvutzot'' (, lit. ''Group of the Kvutzot'') and Ihud HaKibbutzim (, lit. ''Union of the Kibbutzim''). The movement included kibbutzim which had left ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' for ideological reasons and was aligned with the Labour Party and its predecessors, Mapai and the Dror youth movement.

Kibbutz Artzi

Kibbutz Artzi ( ''hakibúts haartsí'', lit. ''Nationwide Kibbutz'') was a kibbutz movement associated with the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, and the Mapam political party. It was founded on 1 April 1927, and had 85 kibbutzim and 28,000 members in 1998.

References

External links

Official website
{{Authority control 1999 establishments in Israel Labor Zionism