The karyorelictid nuclear code (translation table 27) is a
genetic code
Genetic code is a set of rules used by living cell (biology), cells to Translation (biology), translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished ...
used by the
nuclear genome of the
Karyorelictea ciliate ''
Parduczia'' sp.
This code, along with translation tables 28 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Translation termination probably relies on context, specifically proximity to the poly(A) tail.
The code (27)
:
AAs = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
:
Starts = --------------*--------------------M----------------------------
:
Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
:
Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
:
Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases:
adenine (A),
cytosine
Cytosine () (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine ( uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attac ...
(C),
guanine
Guanine () (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleotide bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine ( uracil in RNA). In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. The guanine nucleoside ...
(G) and
thymine (T) or
uracil
Uracil () (nucleoside#List of nucleosides and corresponding nucleobases, symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid RNA. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via ...
(U).
Amino acids:
Alanine (Ala, A),
Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidinium, guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) a ...
(Arg, R),
Asparagine (Asn, N),
Aspartic acid (Asp, D),
Cysteine (Cys, C),
Glutamic acid (Glu, E),
Glutamine (Gln, Q),
Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (G ...
(Gly, G),
Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an Amine, α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under Physiological condition, biological conditions), a carboxylic ...
(His, H),
Isoleucine (Ile, I),
Leucine (Leu, L),
Lysine (Lys, K),
Methionine (Met, M),
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the chemical formula, formula . It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituent, substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of ...
(Phe, F),
Proline (Pro, P),
Serine (Ser, S),
Threonine (Thr, T),
Tryptophan (Trp, W),
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and
Valine (Val, V).
Differences from the standard code
See also
*
List of all genetic codes: translation tables 1 to 16, and 21 to 31.
*
The genetic codes database.
References
{{reflist
Molecular genetics
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis