KRT86
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The KRT86
gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
encodes for keratin, type II cuticular Hb6 protein in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
keratin Keratin () is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as ''scleroproteins''. It is the key structural material making up Scale (anatomy), scales, hair, Nail (anatomy), nails, feathers, horn (anatomy), horns, claws, Hoof, hoove ...
gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of
chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...
12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of
KRT81 Keratin, type II cuticular Hb1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KRT81'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA th ...
, KRT83, and KRT86, is highly related. The other, less-related subfamily includes KRT82, KRT84, and KRT85. All hair keratins are expressed in the
hair follicle The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin. It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different cell types, each with distinct functions. The hair follicle regulates hair growth via a complex interaction betwee ...
; this hair keratin, as well as KRT81 and KRT83, is found primarily in the hair cortex.
Mutations In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosi ...
in this gene and KRT81 have been observed in patients with a rare dominant hair disease, monilethrix.


References


Further reading

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