Justus Ferdinand Christian Loder (12 March 1753 – 16 April 1832) was a German

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

and surgeon who was a native of Riga.

Biography

In 1777 Loder earned his medical doctorate at the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...

, and the following year was appointed professor of surgery and anatomy at the

University of Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (german: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The un ...

, where he practiced medicine for the next 25 years. At

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

he was responsible for the establishment of an anatomical theatre and an ''Accouchierhaus'' (maternity house). In 1780-81, at the expense of the Duke of Weimar, he took a scientific journey to France, England and Holland, a trip in which he made the acquaintance of several well-known physicians and scientists —

Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (29 May 1716 – 1 January 1800) was a French naturalist and contributor to the ''Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers''. Biography Daubenton was born at Montbard, Côte-d' ...

, Jean-Louis Baudelocque,

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr Félix Vicq d'Azyr (; 23 April 1748 – 20 June 1794) was a French physician and anatomist, the originator of comparative anatomy and discoverer of the theory of homology in biology. Biography Vicq d'Azyr was born in Valognes, Normandy, the son ...

and John Hunter, among others. In 1803 he transferred to the

University of Halle Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...

, where he established a clinic of obstetrics. After the closing of the University of Halle by

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

in 1806, he became personal physician to the Prussian royal family at

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was name ...

. Later he relocated to Russia, where in 1810 he became personal physician to Czar Alexander I. Between 1814 and 1817 he was in charge of the military hospital in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

. He died in Moscow on 16 April 1832. From 1794 to 1803 he published ''Tabulae anatomicae'', which was a masterpiece containing a complete collection of anatomical illustrations of the human body. The work was one of the largest and most comprehensive anatomical atlases in its time. During his career, Loder maintained ongoing friendships with

Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (12 August 1762, Bad Langensalza, Langensalza – 25 August 1836, Berlin) was a Germany, German physician, naturopath and writer. He is famous as the most eminent practical physician of his time in Germany a ...

Manchester.edu
Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (1762-1836); Draft of an article in The Dictionary of Eighteenth Century German Philosophers and

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as t ...

, both of whom had taken anatomy classes from Loder.

Written works

* ''Anatomisches Handbuch'', volume 1, 1788 (second edition- 1800). * ''Anfangsgründe der chirurgischen Anthropologie und der Staatsarzneikunde'', 1791 (third edition- 1800, (Rudiments of surgical

anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of be ...

and the state pharmacology). * ''Chirurgisch-medicinische Beobachtungen, mehrentheils in der herzogl''. Saxon-Weimar Krankenanstalt zu Jena gesammelt, volume 1- 1794. * ''Tabulae anatomicae quas ad illustrandam humani corporis fabricam'', (1794–1803). * ''Grundriß der Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers. Zum Gebrauche bei Vorlesungen und Secir-Uebungen'', volume 1- 1806 (Outline the anatomy of the human body; for use in lectures and exercises, dissections). * ''Elementa anatomiae humani corporis'', 1823. * ''Index praeparatorum aliarumque rerum ad anatomen spectantium, quae in museo Caes. Universitatis Mosquensis servantur'', 1823 (second edition- 1826).

References

Brief Essay on Loder's Tabulae anatomicae

(biography) * List of written works copied from the German Wikipedia. {{DEFAULTSORT:Loder, Justus Christian German anatomists German surgeons 1753 births 1832 deaths Physicians from Riga University of Jena faculty Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences