The gens Junia was one of the most celebrated families of ancient Rome. The gens may originally have been patrician, and was already prominent in the last days of the Roman monarchy.

Lucius Junius Brutus Lucius Junius Brutus ( 6th century BC) was the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic, and traditionally one of its first Roman consul, consuls in 509 BC. He was reputedly responsible for the expulsion of his uncle the King of Rome, Roman k ...

was the nephew of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last King of Rome, and on the expulsion of Tarquin in 509 BC, he became one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 658 ("Junia Gens"). Over the next several centuries, the Junii produced a number of very eminent men, such as

Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus ( late 4th century BC) was a Roman general and statesman, he was elected consul of the Roman Republic thrice, he was also appointed ''dictator'' or ''magister equitum'' thrice, and censor in 307 BC. In 311, he made a vo ...

, three times

consul Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states throug ...

and twice dictator during the period of the

Samnite Wars The First, Second, and Third Samnite Wars (343–341 BC, 326–304 BC, and 298–290 BC) were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains south of Rome and north of the Lucanian tribe ...

, as well as

Marcus Marcus, Markus, Márkus or Mărcuș may refer to: * Marcus (name), a masculine given name * Marcus (praenomen), a Roman personal name Places * Marcus, a main belt asteroid, also known as (369088) Marcus 2008 GG44 * Mărcuş, a village in Dobâr ...

and Decimus Junius Brutus, among the leaders of the conspiracy against

Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

. Although the Junii Bruti disappeared at the end of the Republic, another family, the Junii Silani, remained prominent under the early

Empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

Origin

''Junius'', the nomen of the gens, may be etymologically connected with the goddess

Juno Juno commonly refers to: *Juno (mythology), the Roman goddess of marriage and queen of the gods * ''Juno'' (film), 2007 Juno may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Fictional characters *Juno, in the film '' Jenny, Juno'' *Juno, in the ...

, after whom the month of Junius was also named. Scholars have long been divided on the question of whether the Junii were originally patrician. The family was prominent throughout the whole of Roman history, and all of the members who are known, from the early times of the Republic and on into the

, were plebeians. However, it seems inconceivable that Lucius Junius Brutus, the nephew of Tarquin the Proud, was a plebeian. So jealous of their prerogatives were the patricians of the early Republic, that in 450 BC, the second year of the Decemvirate, a law forbidding the intermarriage of patricians and plebeians was made a part of the Twelve Tables, the fundamental principles of early Roman law. It was not until the passage of the '' lex Licinia Sextia'' in 367 BC that plebeians were permitted to stand for the consulship. Still, it has been suggested that the divisions between the orders were not firmly established during the first decades of the Republic, and that as many as a third of the consuls elected before 450 may in fact have been plebeians. Even if this were not the case, the consuls chosen at the very birth of the Roman Republic may have been exceptions. On balance, it seems more likely that the Junii were at first numbered amongst the patricians, and that they afterward passed over to the plebeians; but this question may remain unsettled.Niebuhr, ''History of Rome'', vol. I, p. 522 ''ff.'' At the end of the Republic, the Junii Silani were raised to patrician status by

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

, and one of them even held the office of

Flamen Martialis In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Martialis was the high priest of the official state cult of Mars, the god of war. He was one of the '' flamines maiores'', the three high priests who were the most important of the fifteen flamens. The Flamen ...

; but this family was descended from one of the Silani who had been adopted from the patrician gens Manlia. Several of them bore the surname ''Torquatus'', the name of a great family of the Manlia gens.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 819–821 ("Junius Silanus").

Praenomina

The

praenomina The ''praenomen'' (; plural: ''praenomina'') was a personal name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the '' dies lustricus'' (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the bir ...

favored by the early Junii were ''

Lucius Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from '' Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames ('' praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from ...

'', and '' Decimus''. Except for the Bruti Bubulci, who favored the praenomen ''

Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People * Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist *Gaius Acilius *Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus * Gaius Asiniu ...

'' and may have been a cadet branch of the family, the Junii Bruti relied exclusively on these three names. Many of the other families of the Junii also used these names, although some added ''Gaius'' and others ''

Quintus Quintus is a male given name derived from '' Quintus'', a common Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth". Quintus is an English masculine given name and ...

''. The Junii Silani also used the praenomen '' Appius''. The Junii were by far the most prominent family to make regular use of ''Decimus''. The names '' Titus'' and '' Tiberius'' were carefully avoided by the Junii throughout most of their history. According to tradition, these were the names of the sons of Lucius Junius Brutus, the first consul, who joined in a conspiracy by their uncles, the Vitellii, to restore the Tarquins to power. They were condemned and executed by order of their own father, and this disgrace led to the abandonment of their names by future generations. The only noteworthy exception appears to be the orator Titus Junius, who lived in the final century of the Republic.

Branches and cognomina

The family names and surnames of the Junii which occur in the time of the Republic are, ''Brutus'', ''Bubulcus'', ''Gracchanus'', ''Paciaecus'', ''Pennus'', ''Pera'', ''Pullus'', and ''Silanus''. ''Norbanus'' was formerly supposed to be a surname of the Junia gens, but in fact it seems to have been a

gentile name A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

. A few Junii are mentioned without any cognomen. Many Junii appear under the Empire with other surnames, but most of them cannot be regarded as part of the gens; these included many descendants of freedmen, and of

citizens Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and ...

enrolled during the magistracies of the various Junii. ''Brutus'' was the name of a plebeian family of the Junia gens, which claimed descent from Lucius Junius Brutus. This possibility was denied by some ancient authorities, on the grounds that the first consul was a patrician, and because his two sons preceded him in death. However, one tradition states that there was a third son, from whom the later Bruti were descended. It is not impossible that there were younger sons, or that the elder sons had children of their own. Brutus is also known to have had a brother, who was put to death by his uncle the king, and there may have been other relatives. Moreover, Niebuhr raised the possibility that Brutus himself was a plebeian. But even if he had been a patrician, as the weight of tradition holds, his descendants may still have gone over to the plebeians. The name of ''Brutus'' is said to have been given to Lucius because he feigned idiocy after the execution of his brother, in hope of avoiding the same fate. However, his father is also referred to as Brutus by the ancient authorities, and while this may have come about merely for narrative convenience, it is possible that the surname had already been borne by the family for some time. According to

Festus Festus may refer to: People Ancient world * Porcius Festus, Roman governor of Judea from approximately 58 to 62 AD *Sextus Pompeius Festus (later 2nd century), Roman grammarian *Festus (died 305), martyr along with Proculus of Pozzuoli *Festus ( ...

, the older meaning of the adjective ''brutus'' was "serious" or "grave", in which case the surname is much the same as ''Severus''. A less probable explanation suggests a common origin with the name with that of the

Bruttii The Bruttians (alternative spelling, Brettii) ( la, Bruttii) were an ancient Italic people. They inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of Lucania to the Sicilian Straits and the promontory of Leucopetra. This roughly corres ...

, a people of southern Italy who broke away from the Samnites in the fourth century BC, and whose name is said to have meant, "runaway slaves". The surname ''Bubulcus'' refers to one who plows with oxen. The only persons known to have borne this cognomen also bore that of ''Brutus'', and therefore may have belonged to that family, rather than a distinct ''stirps'' of the Junia gens. If so, the Bubulci were the only members of the family to use the praenomen ''Gaius''. They appear in history during the

Second Samnite War The First, Second, and Third Samnite Wars (343–341 BC, 326–304 BC, and 298–290 BC) were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains south of Rome and north of the Lucanian tribe. ...

, at the same time as the other Junii Bruti emerge from two centuries of obscurity, with the ''

agnomen An ''agnomen'' (; plural: ''agnomina''), in the Roman naming convention, was a nickname, just as the '' cognomen'' was initially. However, the ''cognomina'' eventually became family names, so ''agnomina'' were needed to distinguish between sim ...

Scaeva''. This suggests that the family may have split into two distinct branches about this time. The origin of the cognomen ''Pera'', which appears in the middle of the third century BC, is not known, but the filiations of the two Perae suggest that they may have been descended from the Junii Bruti. ''Pennus'', also a surname of the

Quinctia gens The gens Quinctia, sometimes written Quintia, was a patrician family at ancient Rome. Throughout the history of the Republic, its members often held the highest offices of the state, and it produced some men of importance even during the imperia ...

, is probably derived from a Latin adjective meaning "sharp". This family flourished for about a century from the time of the Second Punic War. The surname ''Gracchanus'' was assumed by one of the Junii in the latter part of the second century BC, on account of his friendship with Gaius Gracchus. ''Paciaecus'' or ''Paciacus'', the cognomen of another member of the gens, does not appear to be of Roman origin, although it may be that ''Paccianus'' or ''Pacianus'' is the correct form. ''Silanus'' appears to be a lengthened form of ''Silus'', "snub-nosed", which occurs as a cognomen in the Sergia and Terentia gentes, and is not connected with the Greek '' Silenus'', who was nonetheless depicted on their coins. In manuscripts the variants ''Syllanus'' and ''Sillanus'' are found. The Junii Silani first appear in history during the Second Punic War, and for the next four hundred years they occupied the highest offices of the state. From the middle of the second century BC, at least some of the Silani were descended from the patrician

Manlii The gens Manlia () was one of the oldest and noblest patrician houses at Rome, from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, consul in 480 BC, and for ...

, from whom they inherited the additional surname ''Torquatus''. In 30 BC, Augustus raised Marcus Junius Silanus to the patriciate. Many of this family were related to, or even descended from, Augustus and the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Members

Junii Bruti

* Marcus Junius Brutus, father of the consul of 509 BC, married Tarquinia, sister of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.

Dionysius The name Dionysius (; el, Διονύσιος ''Dionysios'', "of Dionysus"; la, Dionysius) was common in classical and post-classical times. Etymologically it is a nominalized adjective formed with a -ios suffix from the stem Dionys- of the name ...

states that Tarquin had him put to death, along with his elder son, in order to obtain a family treasure; Livy states only that the son was among the Roman aristocrats put to death as potential threats to the royal authority.Dionysius, iv. 68.Livy, i. 56.Broughton, vol. I, pp. 1, 2. * Marcus Junius M. f. Brutus, the elder brother of the consul Brutus, was put to death by his uncle, the king. * Lucius Junius M. f. Brutus, tribune of the ''celeres'' under his uncle, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom he helped to overthrow in 509 BC. He subsequently became one of the first consuls, and was slain the same year at the

Battle of Silva Arsia The Battle of Silva Arsia was a battle in 509 BC between the republican forces of ancient Rome and Etruscan forces of Tarquinii and Veii led by the deposed Roman king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. The battle took place near the Silva Arsia (the ...

. * Titus Junius L. f. M. n. Brutus, son of the consul of 509 BC, together with his brother, Tiberius, joined in a conspiracy of Roman aristocrats to restore Tarquin to the throne. When the plot was uncovered, their own father had them put to death for treason.Livy, ii. 4, 5.Dionysius, v. 6–8. * Tiberius Junius L. f. M. n. Brutus, the brother of Titus, with whom he was executed for conspiring to restore the Tarquins, in 509 BC. *

, according to

, one of the first tribunes of the people in 493 BC, a plebeian who assumed the surname ''Brutus'' in honor of the first consul. *

Titus Junius Brutus Lucius Junius Brutus ( 6th century BC) was the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic, and traditionally one of its first consuls in 509 BC. He was reputedly responsible for the expulsion of his uncle the Roman king Tarquinius Superbus afte ...

plebeian aedile ''Aedile'' ( ; la, aedīlis , from , "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings () and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enf ...

in 491 BC, was ordered by the tribunes of the plebs to arrest

Coriolanus ''Coriolanus'' ( or ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1605 and 1608. The play is based on the life of the legendary Roman leader Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Shakespeare worked on it during the same ye ...

. * Junia, possibly a

Vestal Virgin In ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins or Vestals ( la, Vestālēs, singular ) were priestesses of Vesta, virgin goddess of Rome's sacred hearth and its flame. The Vestals were unlike any other public priesthood. They were chosen before puberty ...

condemned to death for unchastity in 472 BC; Dionysius and Eusebius call her Orbinia or Urbinia.Iunius
Strachan stemma. *

Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva Decimus may refer to: Romen praenomen * Decimus (praenomen) * Decimus Carfulenus (died 43 BC), Roman statesman * Decimus Haterius Agrippa (died 32 AD), consul in 22 AD * Decimus Junius Brutus (consul 77 BC) * Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (–43 ...

, magister equitum in 339 BC; consul in 325, he defeated the Vestini, and took the towns of Cutina and Cingilia. * Gaius Junius C. f. C. n. Bubulcus Brutus, consul in 317, 313, and 311 BC, censor in 307, and dictator in 312 and 302. * Gaius Junius C. f. C. n. Brutus Bubulcus, consul in 291 and 277 BC, triumphed over the Lucani and

. * Decimus Junius D. f. Brutus Scaeva,

legate Legate may refer to: * Legatus, a higher ranking general officer of the Roman army drawn from among the senatorial class :*Legatus Augusti pro praetore, a provincial governor in the Roman Imperial period *A member of a legation *A representative, ...

to the consul Spurius Carvilius Maximus in 293 BC, during the

Third Samnite War The First, Second, and Third Samnite Wars (343–341 BC, 326–304 BC, and 298–290 BC) were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains south of Rome and north of the Lucanian tribe. ...

. The following year, Brutus was consul, while Carvilius served as his legate. They defeated the

Faliscans Falisci ( grc, Φαλίσκοι, ''Phaliskoi'') is the ancient Roman exonym for an Italic tribe who lived in what is now northern Lazio, on the Etruscan side of the Tiber River. They spoke an Italic language, Faliscan, closely akin to Latin. O ...

. * Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus, with his brother, Marcus, exhibited the first gladiatorial combat at Rome in 264 BC.Valerius Maximus, ii. 4. § 7. * Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus, with his brother, Decimus, exhibited the first gladiatorial combat at Rome in 264 BC. * Lucius Junius Brutus, grandfather of the consul of 178 BC. * Marcus Junius (L. f.) Brutus, tribune of the plebs in 195 BC, he and Publius Brutus opposed the repeal of the ''lex Oppia'', a sumptuary law. As praetor in 191, he dedicated the temple of the

Magna Mater Cybele ( ; Phrygian: ''Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya'' "Kubileya/Kubeleya Mother", perhaps "Mountain Mother"; Lydian ''Kuvava''; el, Κυβέλη ''Kybele'', ''Kybebe'', ''Kybelis'') is an Anatolian mother goddess; she may have a possible foreru ...

, and presided over the first celebration of the Megalesian Games at Rome. He was one of the ambassadors sent to Antiochus in 189.Valerius Maximus, ix. 1. § 3. * Publius Junius (L. f.) Brutus, tribune of the plebs in 195 BC, he and Marcus Brutus opposed the repeal of the ''lex Oppia''. He was curule

aedile ''Aedile'' ( ; la, aedīlis , from , "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings () and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enf ...

in 192. Praetor in 190 BC, he obtained the province of Etruria, where he was subsequently propraetor. Afterward, the senate appointed him governor of Hispania Ulterior. * Decimus Junius Brutus, one of the triumvirs for founding a colony in the territory of

Sipontum Siponto ( la, Sipontum, grc-gre, Σιπιούς) was an ancient port town and bishopric in Apulia, southern Italy. The town was abandoned after earthquakes in the 13th century; today the area is administered as a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' ...

, in 194 BC. * Marcus Junius M. f. L. n. Brutus, consul in 178 BC, was probably the son of the Marcus Brutus who as praetor had dedicated the temple of the Magna Mater in 191, although they could possibly be the same person. In his consulship, he was sent against the Istri, whom he conquered in 177. In 171 he was sent as an ambassador to the allies in

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

. He was a candidate for the censorship of 169. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus, an eminent jurist of the second century BC. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus, a jurist, described unfavorably by

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the esta ...

. * Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus Callaicus, consul in 138 BC, was a partisan of the aristocratic party, and a fierce opponent of the tribunes of the plebs. After his year of office, he was assigned the province of Hispania Ulterior, where he subdued the

Gallaeci The Gallaeci (also Callaeci or Callaici; grc, Καλλαϊκοί) were a Celtic tribal complex who inhabited Gallaecia, the north-western corner of Iberia, a region roughly corresponding to what is now the Norte Region in northern Portugal, a ...

and the

Lusitani The Lusitanians ( la, Lusitani) were an Indo-European speaking people living in the west of the Iberian Peninsula prior to its conquest by the Roman Republic and the subsequent incorporation of the territory into the Roman province of Lusitania ...

, and received a triumph. * Junia M. f. M. n., the sister of Callaicus, died at an advanced age in 91 BC. Her funeral featured actors playing her male ancestors, an honour usually reserved for men. * Junia D. f. M. n., daughter of Callaicus, and mother of Gaius Claudius Marcellus, consul in 50 BC. * Decimus Junius D. f. M. n. Brutus, consul in 77 BC. * Marcus Junius Brutus, an opponent of Sulla, committed suicide following the defeat in the

civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policie ...

of 82 BC. He is probably identical to Brutus, praetor in 88 BC. *

Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus was urban praetor in 82 BC during Sulla's civil war. When Pompey joined the Sullans in 83 BC, Brutus was one of the three commanders sent against him. In an unnamed battle, the first of Pompey's career, Bru ...

, praetor in 82 BC, was a violent partisan of the younger Marius, at whose command he murdered senators of suspect loyalty in the war with Sulla. * Junius L. f. Brutus Damasippus, presumably a son of Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus, praetor in 82 BC, was adopted by one of the

Licinii Crassi The gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at ancient Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was ...

. * Marcus Junius Brutus, tribune of the plebs in 83 BC, and father of the tyrannicide, was put to death in 77 BC at Pompey's instigation. * Marcus Junius M. f. Brutus, the tyrannicide. He was adopted by his uncle, Quintus Servilius Caepio, and thereafter known as ''Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus''. * Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus Albinus, one of the leading instigators of

's assassination. He obtained his surname from his adoption by one of the Postumii.

Junii Perae

* Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Pera, consul in 266 BC, and censor in 253, triumphed over the Sassinates, and a second time over the Sallentini and

Messapii The Messapians ( grc, Μεσσάπιοι, Messápioi; la, Messapii) were a Iapygian tribe who inhabited Salento in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Daunians, inhabited central and northern Apulia respective ...

. * Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Pera, consul in 230 and censor in 225 BC, nominated dictator in 216 BC, after the Battle of Cannae.

Junii Penni

* Marcus Junius M. f. Pennus, praetor ''urbanus'' in 201 BC. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Pennus, praetor in 172 BC, was assigned to Hither Spain; he was consul in 167. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Pennus, tribune of the plebs in 126 BC. He passed a law preventing non-Roman citizens from settling in Roman cities (the ''Lex Junia de Peregrinis''), which was opposed by Gaius Gracchus. He died in 123 during while being aedile.

Junii Silani

* Marcus Junius Silanus, prefect in Naples in 216 BC; praetor, then propraetor, in Etruria from 212 to 211, and propraetor in Spain between 210 and 206. * Marcus Junius M. f. Silanus, prefect of the allies, fell in battle against the

Boii The Boii (Latin plural, singular ''Boius''; grc, Βόιοι) were a Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul (Northern Italy), Pannonia (Hungary), parts of Bavaria, in and around Bohemia (after whom the ...

in 196 BC. * Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus, a senator commissioned by the senate ''circa'' 146 BC to translate the agricultural writings of Mago into Latin. * Marcus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus, ''

triumvir monetalis The ''triumvir monetalis'' ( ''tresviri'' or ''triumviri monetales'', also called the , abbreviated IIIVIR A. A. A. F. F.) was a moneyer during the Roman Republic and the Empire, who oversaw the minting of coins. In that role, he would be respon ...

'' in 145 BC. He was probably the tribune of the plebs who carried a ''lex Junia de repetundis'' of uncertain date. * Decimus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus Manlianus, the natural son of Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul in 165 BC), was adopted by Decimus Junius Silanus. He was praetor in 141, and obtained Macedonia as his province, where he received bribes. His natural father organised a private court in his house to judge him; banished from his father's house, Manlianus committed suicide soon after. * Marcus Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, ''triumvir monetalis'' in 116 or 115 BC, then praetor in Asia ''circa'' 102. * Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Silanus, praetor in 113 or 112 BC, and consul in 109. He was defeated by the

Cimbri The Cimbri (Greek Κίμβροι, ''Kímbroi''; Latin ''Cimbri'') were an ancient tribe in Europe. Ancient authors described them variously as a Celtic people (or Gaulish), Germanic people, or even Cimmerian. Several ancient sources indicate that ...

while consul or proconsul in Gaul in 109 or 108. * Decimus Junius L. f. D. n. Silanus, ''triumvir monetalis'' in 91 BC. * Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Silanus, praetor in 77, and proconsul in Asia in 76. * Decimus Junius M. f. Silanus, aedile by 70 BC, praetor circa 67, and consul in 62. He was the stepfather of Marcus Junius Brutus, the tyrannicide. * Marcus Junius Silanus, legate in 53 BC under

in Gaul. * Marcus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus, consul in 25 BC. He may be the same man as the legate under Lepidus and Mark Antony in 43 BC, the proquaestor under Antony from 34 to 33 BC, and moneyer in 33 indicating that he was also an augur. * Lucius Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, perhaps an augur before 31 BC, was praetor ''circa'' 24, and an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in 21. * Junia D. f. M. n., married

Publius Servilius Isauricus Publius Servilius Isauricus was a Roman senator who served as consul in 48 BC together with Julius Caesar. He is generally regarded as a puppet of Caesar, having a long friendship with the Dictator. Biography Early life He was the son of Publius ...

* Junia D. f. M. n., married Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the triumvir. * Junia D. f. M. n. Tertia, married

Gaius Cassius Longinus Gaius Cassius Longinus (c. 86 BC – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the cons ...

, the tyrannicide. * Gaius Junius C. f. Silanus, consul in 17 BC. * Marcus Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, son of the Marcus Junius Silanus who was consul in 25 BC, and the father of Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 19. * Gaius Junius M. f. (D. n.) Silanus, the father of Gaius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 10, and Marcus Junius Silanus, consul in AD 15. * Gaius Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus, consul in AD 10, and

. * Marcus Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 15. * Decimus Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus, exiled in AD 8 for his affair with

Julia Julia is usually a feminine given name. It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julio and Julius. (For further details on etymology, see the Wiktionary entry "Julius".) The given name ''Julia'' had been in use throughout Late Antiquity (e. ...

, the granddaughter of Augustus. * Junia C. f. M. n. Torquata, a

, interceded on behalf of her brother, Gaius Junius Silanus, the consul of AD 10, after he was condemned for treason in AD 22. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 19. * Junia M. f. M. n. Claudilla, wife of the emperor

Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula (), was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the popular Roman general Germanic ...

. * Junia M. f. M. n. Silana, the wife of

Gaius Silius Gaius Silius (died AD 24) was a Roman senator who achieved successes as a general over German barbarians following the disaster of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. For this achievement he was appointed consul in AD 13 with Lucius Munatius Pla ...

. *

Appius Junius Silanus __NOTOC__ Appius Junius Silanus (died AD 43), whom Cassius Dio calls Gaius Appius Silanus, was consul in AD 28, with Publius Silius Nerva as his colleague. He was accused of ''majestas'', or treason, in AD 32 along with a number of senators, but h ...

, consul in AD 28, put to death by the emperor

Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Drusus and Antonia Minor ...

. * Lucius Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 28. * Junia M. f. M. n. Calvina, the daughter of Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 19, married

Lucius Vitellius Lucius Vitellius (before 7 BC – AD 51) was the youngest of four sons of procurator Publius Vitellius and the only one who did not die through politics. He was consul three times, which was unusual during the Roman empire for someone who was ...

. * Junia M. f. M. n. Lepida, the sister of Calvina, married

, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 30. * Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 46, and later poisoned by Agrippina. * Lucius Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus, praetor in AD 48. * Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 53. * Marcus Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 54 or 55.Ginsburg, "Nero's Consular Policy". * Lucius Junius M. f. M. n. Torquatus Silanus, put to death by the emperor Nero in AD 65. * Junius Silanus, perhaps consul ''suffectus'' in AD 189; his nomen is not complete in surviving inscriptions, and may instead be ''Julius''. * Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 237, read before the senate the letter of

Gordian I Gordian I ( la, Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus; 158 – April 238 AD) was Roman emperor for 22 days with his son Gordian II in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Caught up in a rebellion against the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he ...

, in which he accepted the empire. He should perhaps be ''Julius Silanus'', the name by which he is called in the '' Historia Augusta''.

Junii Blaesi

* Junius Blaesus, the maternal grandfather of Sejanus. * Quintus Junius Blaesus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 10. Governor of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

from 21 to 23, he triumphed over

Tacfarinas Tacfarinas ( Latinised form of Berber Tikfarin or Takfarin; died AD 24) was a Numidian Berber from Thagaste, located in the province of Proconsular Africa (now Souk Ahras, in Algeria), who was a deserter from the Roman army who led his own Mus ...

. When his nephew, Sejanus, was arrested and put to death for treason in AD 31, and Blaesus was accused of complicity, he chose to end his life rather than face execution. *

Junia Blaesa Junia may refer to: *Three daughters of Servilia, mistress of Caesar, sisters or half sisters of Marcus Junius Brutus *:Junia Prima *: Junia Secunda *: Junia Tertia *Junia Calvina, Roman noblewoman of 1st century *Junia Lepida, another Roman noble ...

, the mother of

Sejanus Lucius Aelius Sejanus (c. 20 BC – 18 October AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus (), was a Roman soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. Of the Equites class by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Praetorian ...

. * Quintus Junius Q. f. Blaesus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 26. He and his brother, also of consular rank, took their own lives in AD 36, after Tiberius designated others for the priesthoods that had been promised to the Junii Blaesi.Tacitus, ''Annales'', vi. 40.Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', pp. 163, 304. * Lucius Junius Q. f. Blaesus, served under his father during the war against Tacfarinas. He was consul ''suffectus'' in AD 28, and put an end to himself in AD 36, as he felt himself disgraced by Tiberius. * Junius Blaesus, governor of

Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis ( French: ''Gaule Lyonnaise'') was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's Ly ...

in AD 69, was a supporter of the emperor

Vitellius Aulus Vitellius (; ; 24 September 1520 December 69) was Roman emperor for eight months, from 19 April to 20 December AD 69. Vitellius was proclaimed emperor following the quick succession of the previous emperors Galba and Otho, in a year of c ...

, who nonetheless had Blaesus poisoned because he had boasted about his descent from Mark Antony.

Junii Rustici

* Junius Rusticus, appointed to draw up the ''acta'' of the senate in AD 29, during the reign of Tiberius. * Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 92, a pupil of

Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus (died AD 66), Roman senator, who lived in the 1st century AD. Notable for his principled opposition to the emperor Nero and his interest in Stoicism, he was the husband of Arria, who was the daughter of A. Caecina ...

, put to death by

Domitian Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flav ...

. * Junius Mauricus, brother of Arulenus Rusticus, and friend of the younger Pliny. * Quintus Junius (L. f.) Rusticus, consul in AD 119 with the emperor Hadrian, is probably the consul Junius mentioned by

Juvenal Decimus Junius Juvenalis (), known in English as Juvenal ( ), was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century CE. He is the author of the collection of satirical poems known as the ''Satires''. The details of Juvenal's life ...

. * Quintus Junius (Q. f. L. n.) Rusticus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 133, and consul in AD 162.

Others

* Quintus Junius, tribune of the plebs in 439 BC, endeavored to excite the people against the murderers of

Spurius Maelius Spurius Maelius (died 439 BC) was a wealthy Roman plebeian who was slain because he was suspected of intending to make himself king. Biography During a severe famine, Spurius Maelius bought up a large amount of wheat and sold it at a low price to ...

. * Lucius Junius C. f. L. n. Pullus, consul in 249 BC during the First Punic War. * Decimus Junius, stationed with a force at the mouth of the

Volturnus The VolturnUS is a floating concrete structure that supports a wind turbine, designed by University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center and deployed by DeepCwind Consortium in 2013. The VolturnUS can support wind turbines in water ...

by the consul Appius Claudius Pulcher, in 212 BC, during the Second Punic War. * Gaius Junius C. f., ''triumvir monetalis'' in 149 BC. *

Marcus Junius Congus Gracchanus Marcus, Markus, Márkus or Mărcuș may refer to: * Marcus (name), a masculine given name * Marcus (praenomen), a Roman personal name Places * Marcus, a main belt asteroid, also known as (369088) Marcus 2008 GG44 * Mărcuş, a village in Dobâr ...

, a noteworthy legal historian, and scholar of the Roman constitution and magistracies. He was perhaps tribune of the plebs in 123 and author of a law that amended the '' lex Calpurnia''. As his nickname implies, he was a supporter of Gaius Gracchus. * Titus Junius L. f., a skilled orator in the time of Sulla, obtained the condemnation of Publius Sextius, praetor ''designatus'', for bribery at the elections. * Marcus Junius, the previous defender of Publius Quinctius, whose defense was subsequently assumed by

. * Gaius Junius, one of the judges in the case against Oppianicus, accused of corruption and compelled to retire from public life. * Gaius Junius C. f., son of the Judge in the case against Oppianicus. * Marcus Junius, a praetor, before whom Cicero defended Decimus Matrinius. * Junius Saturninus, a historian during the time of Augustus, quoted by Suetonius. * Junius Otho, a rhetorician, and praetor in AD 22. * Junius Otho, tribune of the plebs in AD 37, banished by Tiberius for interceding in the question of the reward that was to be given to the accuser of Acutia, the wife of Publius Vitellius. * Lucius Junius Moderatus, surnamed ''Columella'', an important historical writer, author of ''De Re Rustica''. * Lucius Junius Gallio, a rhetorician and friend of the elder Seneca, whose son he adopted. He was expelled from Italy because Tiberius suspected he was associated with Sejanus. He may have been related to Sejanus' uncle, Quintus Junius Blaesus, or perhaps even his brother. *

Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus or Gallio ( el, Γαλλιων, ''Galliōn''; c. 5 BC – c. AD 65) was a Roman senator and brother of the famous writer Seneca. He is best known for dismissing an accusation brought against Paul the Apostle in Corin ...

, son of the elder Seneca, adopted by the rhetorician Lucius Junius Gallio. * Lucius Junius Maro Aemilius Paternus, an eminent citizen of Lancia, probably related to the two Junii Blaesi who lost their priesthoods. * Junius Cilo, procurator of

Bithynia et Pontus Bithynia and Pontus ( la, Provincia Bithynia et Pontus, Ancient Greek ) was the name of a province of the Roman Empire on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). It was formed during the late Roman Republic by the amalgamation of th ...

during the reign of Claudius, brought Mithridates of

Bosporus The Bosporus Strait (; grc, Βόσπορος ; tr, İstanbul Boğazı 'Istanbul strait', colloquially ''Boğaz'') or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Tu ...

to Rome. * Junius Maximus, a contemporary of the poet

Statius Publius Papinius Statius (Greek: Πόπλιος Παπίνιος Στάτιος; ; ) was a Greco-Roman poet of the 1st century CE. His surviving Latin poetry includes an epic in twelve books, the ''Thebaid''; a collection of occasional poetry, ...

, from whom we learn that he made an epitome of the histories of Sallust and Livy. * Titus Junius Montanus, consul ''Ex Kal. Mai.'' in AD 81.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''. *

Decimus Junius Juvenalis Decimus Junius Juvenalis (), known in English as Juvenal ( ), was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century CE. He is the author of the collection of satirical poems known as the ''Satires''. The details of Juvenal's life ...

, a poet of the late first and early second centuries. * Kanus Junius Niger, consular legate in Germania Superior, AD 116; he may have been consul the previous year.'' Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''. * Kanus Junius (Kani f.) Niger, consul in AD 138.. * Junius Mauricianus, a jurist in the time of Antoninus Pius. * Aulus Junius Rufinus, consul in AD 153. * Marcus Junius Rufinus Sabinianus, consul in AD 155. * Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus, governor of

Britannia Superior Britannia Superior (Latin for "Upper Britain") was a province of Roman Britain created after the civil war between Septimius Severus and Claudius Albinus. Although Herodian credits Severus with dividing Roman Britain into the Northern territory ...

during the first half of the third century. * Gaius Junius Donatus, consul in AD 260. * Marcus Junius Maximus, consul in AD 282. *

Junius Quartus Palladius Junius Quartus Palladius ( 408–421) was a politician of the Western Roman Empire, who held the Praetorian prefecture of Italy, Illyricum and Africa for six years and was also consul in 416. Life Palladius come from a noble family,. This stat ...

, consul in AD 416. *

Junius Philargyrius Junius Philargyrius (Philargirius, Filargirius) was an early commentator on the '' Bucolica'' and '' Georgica'' of Vergil, dedicated to a certain Valentinianus. He was a member of the Junia gens, active in Milan. The commentary is preserved in tw ...

, an early commentator on

Publius Vergilius Maro Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: th ...

Footnotes

References

Citations

Bibliography

* Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''

Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Serv ...

'', ''

De Legibus The ''De Legibus'' (''On the Laws'') is a dialogue written by Marcus Tullius Cicero during the last years of the Roman Republic. It bears the same name as Plato's famous dialogue, ''The Laws''. Unlike his previous work ''De re publica,'' in whi ...

'', '' De Officiis'', '' De Oratore'', ''

Epistulae ad Atticum ''Epistulae ad Atticum'' ( Latin for "Letters to Atticus") is a collection of letters from Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero to his close friend Titus Pomponius Atticus. The letters in this collection, together with Cicero's ...

'', ''

Epistulae ad Familiares ''Epistulae ad Familiares'' (''Letters to Friends'') is a collection of letters between Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero and various public and private figures. The letters in this collection, together with Cicero's other letters ...

'', ''

Laelius de Amicitia ''Laelius de Amicitia'' (or simply ''De Amicitia'') is a treatise on friendship ('' amicitia'') by the Roman statesman and author Marcus Tullius Cicero, written in 44 BC. Background The work is written as a dialogue between prominent figures of ...

'', '' Philippicae'', ''

Pro Archia Poeta Cicero's oration ''Pro Archia Poeta'' ("On Behalf of Archias the Poet") is the published literary form of his defense of Aulus Licinius Archias, a poet accused of not being a Roman citizen. The accusation is believed to have been a political move ...

'', ''Pro Balbo'', ''

Pro Cluentio ''Pro Cluentio'' is a speech by the Roman orator Cicero given in defense of a man named Aulus Cluentius Habitus Minor. Cluentius, from Larinum in Samnium, was accused in 69 BC by his mother Sassia of having poisoned his stepfather, Statius Abbius ...

'', ''Pro Fonteio'', '' Pro Quinctio''. *

Gaius Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

, ''

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it C ...

'' (The Gallic War), ''

Commentarii de Bello Civili ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' ''(Commentaries on the Civil War)'', or ''Bellum Civile'', is an account written by Julius Caesar of his war against Gnaeus Pompeius and the Roman Senate. It consists of three books covering the events of 49� ...

'' (The Civil War). * Diodorus Siculus, ''

Bibliotheca Historica ''Bibliotheca historica'' ( grc, Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική, ) is a work of universal history by Diodorus Siculus. It consisted of forty books, which were divided into three sections. The first six books are geographical in theme, a ...

'' (Library of History). * Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Romaike Archaiologia'' (Roman Antiquities). * Titus Livius ( Livy), ''

History of Rome The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced ...

''. * Strabo, '' Geographica''. *

Marcus Velleius Paterculus Marcus Velleius Paterculus (; c. 19 BC – c. AD 31) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the pe ...

, ''Compendium of Roman History''. * Valerius Maximus, ''

Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX'' ("nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' or ''Facta et dicta memorabilia'') by Valerius Maximus (c. 20 BC – c. AD 50) was written arou ...

'' (Memorable Facts and Sayings). * Gaius Plinius Secundus ( Pliny the Elder), '' Naturalis Historia'' (Natural History). * Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus ( Pliny the Younger), '' Epistulae'' (Letters). *

Publius Papinius Statius Publius Papinius Statius (Greek: Πόπλιος Παπίνιος Στάτιος; ; ) was a Greco-Roman poet of the 1st century CE. His surviving Latin poetry includes an epic in twelve books, the ''Thebaid''; a collection of occasional poetry, ...

, ''Silvae''. *

, '' Satirae'' (Satires). *

Publius Cornelius Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...

, ''

Annales Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts. List of works with titles contai ...

'', '' Historiae'', '' De Vita et Moribus Iulii Agricolae'' (On the Life and Mores of Julius Agricola). * Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, '' De Vita Caesarum'' (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars). * Plutarchus, ''

Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans Plutarch's ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans'', commonly called ''Parallel Lives'' or ''Plutarch's Lives'', is a series of 48 biographies of famous men, arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, probably writt ...

''. *

Lucius Annaeus Florus Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): ''Virgilius orator an poeta'', an Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all). As to whether these were composed by the same person, or set of ...

, ''Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC'' (Epitome of Livy: All the Wars of Seven Hundred Years). * Appianus Alexandrinus (

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadr ...

), ''Bellum Civile'' (The Civil War). * Sextus Pompeius Festus, ''Epitome de M. Verrio Flacco de Verborum Significatu'' (Epitome of

Marcus Verrius Flaccus Marcus Verrius Flaccus (c. 55 BCAD 20) was a Roman grammarian and teacher who flourished under Augustus and Tiberius. Life He was a freedman, and his manumitter has been identified with Verrius Flaccus, an authority on pontifical law; but for ch ...

' ''On the Meaning of Words''). *

Aulus Gellius Aulus Gellius (c. 125after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his ''Attic Nights'', a commonplace book, or ...

, ''Noctes Atticae'' (Attic Nights). *

Cassius Dio Lucius Cassius Dio (), also known as Dio Cassius ( ), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history on ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the ...

, ''Roman History''. * Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus, '' Historia Augusta'' (Augustan History). * Eusebius of Caesarea, '' Chronicon''. *

Julius Obsequens Julius Obsequens was a Roman writer active in the 4th or early 5th centuries AD, during late antiquity. His sole known work is the ''Prodigiorum liber'' (''Book of Prodigies''), a tabulation of the wonders and portents that had occurred in the Ro ...

, ''Liber de Prodigiis'' (The Book of Prodigies). *

Sextus Aurelius Victor Sextus Aurelius Victor (c. 320 – c. 390) was a historian and politician of the Roman Empire. Victor was the author of a short history of imperial Rome, entitled ''De Caesaribus'' and covering the period from Augustus to Constantius II. The work w ...

(attributed), ''

Epitome de Caesaribus The ''Epitome de Caesaribus'' is a Latin historical work written at the end of the 4th century. It is a brief account of the reigns of the Roman emperors from Augustus to Theodosius the Great. It is attributed to Aurelius Victor, but was writt ...

''. *

Nonius Marcellus Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the ''De compendiosa doctrina'', a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in antiquarianism and Latin literature from Plautu ...

, ''De Compendiosa Doctrina'' (On Collected Knowledge). *

Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius (fl. AD 400), was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, during late antiquity, the period of time corresponding to the Later Roman Empire, and when Latin was ...

, ''Saturnalia''. * ''Digesta'', or ''Pandectae'' (

The Digest ''The Digest'', formerly published as ''The English and Empire Digest'', is a digest of case law. It is the "major modern work" of this kind. Its coverage is "wide" but incomplete, and it can be "complicated to use" if the user does not understa ...

). * Isidorus Hispalensis, '' Origines''. * Joannes Zonaras, ''Epitome Historiarum'' (Epitome of History). *

Barthold Georg Niebuhr Barthold Georg Niebuhr (27 August 1776 – 2 January 1831) was a Danish–German statesman, banker, and historian who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography. By 1810 Niebuhr w ...

, ''The History of Rome'', Julius Charles Hare and Connop Thirlwall, trans., John Smith, Cambridge (1828). *

Johann Caspar von Orelli Johann Caspar von Orelli (Latin ''Iohannes Caspar Orellius''; 13 February 1787 – 6 January 1849), was a Swiss classical scholar. Life He was born at Zürich of a distinguished Italian family which had taken refuge in Switzerland at the tim ...

, ''Inscriptionum Latinarum Selectarum Amplissima Collectio'' (An Extensive Collection of Select Latin Inscriptions), Orell Füssli, Zürich (1828). *

Wilhelm Drumann Wilhelm Karl August Drumann (11 June 1786, in Danstedt – 29 July 1861, in Königsberg) was a German classical historian. From 1805 he studied theology and philosophy at the University of Halle, receiving his doctorate at Helmstedt in 1810. Fol ...

, ''Geschichte Roms in seinem Übergang von der republikanischen zur monarchischen Verfassung, oder: Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero und ihre Zeitgenossen'', Königsberg (1834–1844). * '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). *

August Pauly August Friedrich von Pauly (; ; 9 May 1796, in Benningen am Neckar – 2 May 1845, in Stuttgart) was a German educator and classical philologist. From 1813 to 1818 he studied at the University of Tübingen, then furthered his education at Heid ...

Georg Wissowa Georg Otto August Wissowa (17 June 1859 – 11 May 1931) was a German classical philologist born in Neudorf, near Breslau. Education and career Wissowa studied classical philology under August Reifferscheid at the University of Bresla ...

, ''et alii'', '' Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft'' (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated ''RE'' or ''PW''), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). * T. Robert S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952). * D.P. Simpson, ''Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary'', Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (1963). * ''The Journal of Roman Studies'', vol. 23–24, Kraus Reprint (1967). * '' Oxford Classical Dictionary'', N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970). * Michael Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', Cambridge University Press (1974, 2001). * ''Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History'', Carl Deroux, ed., Latomus, Brussels (1979) . * Paul A. Gallivan,
The ''Fasti'' for A.D. 70–96
, in ''

Classical Quarterly The Classical Association is a British learned society in the field of classics, aimed at developing classical study and promoting its importance in education. Constitution The association was founded on 19 December 1903, and its objects are def ...

'', vol. 31, pp. 186–220 (1981). * Judith R. Ginsburg, "Nero's Consular Policy", in ''American Journal of Ancient History'', vol. 6, pp. 51–68 (1981). *

Boris Rankov Nikolas Boris Rankov (born 9 August 1954) is a British professor of Roman history at Royal Holloway, University of London. He is a former rower and current umpire. Early life, education and family Rankov was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, ...

, "M. Iunius Congus the Gracchan", in ''Homo Viator: Classical Essays for John Bramble'', M. Whitby & P. Hardie (editors), Bristol Classical Press, pp. 89–94 (1987). * Bernard Pyne Grenfell, Arthur Surridge Hunt, ''The Oxyrhynchus Papyri'', vol. 55, Egypt Exploration Fund (1988). * Ronald Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', Clarendon Press (1989). * Claude Eilers,
Silanus 〈and〉 Murena (''I.Priene'' 121)*
, in ''Classical Quarterly'', vol. 46, pp. 175–182 (1996). * Koenraad Verboven,
Damasippus, the Story of a Businessman?
, in ''Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History VIII'', Carl Deroux, ed., Collection Latomus, vol. 239 Brussels (1997), , pp. 195–217. * Robin Seager, ''Tiberius'' (Blackwell Ancient Lives), John Wiley & Sons (2008), . * Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon, ''A Companion to Women in the Ancient World'', John Wiley & Sons, New York (2015), .

External links

{{Commons category Roman gentes

Origin

Praenomina

Branches and cognomina

Members

Junii Bruti

Junii Perae

Junii Penni

Junii Silani

Junii Blaesi

Junii Rustici

Others

See also

Footnotes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links