June 30

Events

Pre-1600

* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
*1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
*1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
*1559 – King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
*1598 – The Spanish held Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico having been besieged for fifteen days, surrenders to an English force under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.

1601–1900

* 1632 – The University of Tartu is founded.
* 1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.
*1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
*1758 – Seven Years' War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.
*1794 – Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
*1805 – Under ''An act to divide the Indiana Territory into two separate governments'', adopted by the U.S. Congress on January 11, 1805, the Michigan Territory is organized.
* 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
*1860 – The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
*1864 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
*1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
*1886 – The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
*1892 – The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
*1900 – A savage fire wrecked three steamships docked at a pier in Hoboken, New Jersey. Over 200 crew members and passengers are killed, and hundreds injured.

1901–present

*1905 – Albert Einstein sends the article ''On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies'', in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in ''Annalen der Physik''.
*1906 – The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
* 1908 – The Tunguska Event, the largest impact event on Earth in human recorded history, resulting in a massive explosion over Eastern Siberia.
*1912 – The Regina Cyclone, Canada's deadliest tornado event, kills 28 people in Regina, Saskatchewan.
*1916 – World War I: In "the day Sussex died", elements of the Royal Sussex Regiment take heavy casualties in the Battle of the Boar's Head at Richebourg-l'Avoué in France.
*1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft as Chief Justice of the United States.
*1922 – In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes–Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.
*1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
*1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy's invasion of his country.
*1937 – The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
*1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
*1953 – The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
*1956 – A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona and crash, killing all 128 on board both airliners.
*1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
*1960 – Belgian Congo gains independence as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).
*1963 – Ciaculli bombing: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
*1966 – The National Organization for Women, the United States' largest feminist organization, is founded.
*1968 – Pope Paul VI issues the ''Credo of the People of God''.
*1971 – The crew of the Soviet ''Soyuz 11'' spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
*1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
*1974 – The Baltimore municipal strike of 1974 begins.
*1977 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.
*1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
*1986 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in ''Bowers v. Hardwick'' that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
*1989 – A coup d'état in Sudan deposes the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi and President Ahmed al-Mirghani.
*1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
*1994 – During a test flight of an Airbus A330-300 at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport, the aircraft crashes killing all seven people on board.
*1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.
*2005 – MTV Canada is rebranded as Razer
*2007 – A Jeep Cherokee filled with propane canisters drives into the entrance of Glasgow Airport, Scotland in a failed terrorist attack. This was linked to the 2007 London car bombs that had taken place the day before.
*2009 – Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310-300, crashes into the Indian Ocean near Comoros, killing 152 of the 153 people on board. A 14-year-old girl named Bahia Bakari survives the crash.
*2013 – Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire near Yarnell, Arizona.
* 2013 – Protests begin around Egypt against President Mohamed Morsi