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Juan Kauppama Cailles (born Juan Cailles y Kauppama; November 10, 1871 – June 28, 1951) was a Filipino of French-Indian descent. A member of the revolutionary movement
Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...
, he was a commanding officer of the
Philippine Revolutionary Army The Philippine Revolutionary Army, later renamed Philippine Republican Army (Spanish: ''Ejército Revolucionario Filipino''; Tagalog: ''Panghimagsikang Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas''), was the official armed forces of the First Philippine Repu ...
who served during the Philippine Revolution and
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
. He later served as a provincial
governor of Laguna The governor of Laguna is the highest political office in the province of Laguna, Philippines. List of governors of Laguna The following is the list of governors of Laguna. Spanish colonial government Revolutionary government (First Philippi ...
and a representative from
Mountain Province Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually short ...
.


Early life

Cailles was born in
Nasugbu, Batangas Nasugbu, officially the Municipality of Nasugbu ( tgl, Bayan ng Nasugbu), is a 1st class municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a popul ...
, to Hippolyte Cailles, from
Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and María Kauppama of
Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Ca ...
in what was then
British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...
. He was the fifth of seven children together with siblings León, Julia, Isidoro, Julio, Victoria and Cecilia. His early education was at the house of Olvidio Caballero and he graduated from the
Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
-run Escuela Normal in
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
(now
Ateneo de Manila University , mottoeng = Light in the Lord , type = Private, research, non-profit, coeducational basic and higher education institution , established = December 10, 1859 , religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic ( Jesuits) , academic ...
). He became a teacher and taught for five years in the public schools of Amaya,
Tanza Tanza, officially the Municipality of Tanza ( tgl, Bayan ng Tanza), formerly known as Santa Cruz de Malabón, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 312,116 peop ...
and
Rosario, Cavite Rosario, officially the Municipality of Rosario ( tgl, Bayan ng Rosario), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 110,807 people. Formerly known as ''Salinas'', ...
.


Philippine Revolution

When the premature discovery of the
Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...
in Manila forced its ''Supremo'',
Andrés Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (, ; November 30, 1863May 10, 1897) was a Filipino Freemason and revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines ...
to start the Philippine Revolution, Cailles organized a force composed of his pupils' fathers. To them, he remained ''Maestrong Cailles'' despite his successive promotions in military rank. He took part in many encounters with the Spaniards, particularly in engagements resulting in the deaths of his superior officers, such General Candido Tria Tirona,
Edilberto Evangelista Edilberto Evangelista (February 24, 1862 – February 17, 1897) was a Filipino civil engineer and a revolutionary. Early life and career He was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila, on February 24, 1862. Evangelista finished his Bachelor of Arts at the Col ...
, and Crispulo Aguinaldo, which caused his rapid promotion. With the
Pact of Biak-na-Bato The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 15, 1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow rev ...
in 1897, hostilities ceased.


Philippine–American War

At the outbreak of the
Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (clock ...
in 1898, American forces arrived in the Philippines, defeating the Spanish at the
Battle of Manila Bay The Battle of Manila Bay ( fil, Labanan sa Look ng Maynila; es, Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore ...
on May 1, 1898, subsequently seizing the capital during the Battle of Manila of 1898. The
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
broke out in February 1899 with the 1899 Battle of Manila. Cailles succeeded General
Paciano Rizal Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (March 9, 1851 – April 13, 1930) was a Filipinos, Filipino general and revolutionary, and the older brother of José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. Early life Paciano Rizal was born to ...
as Laguna's military commander in July 1900 at the height of incisive attacks by the American forces. Cailles formed six military columns led by Lt. Col.
Regino Diaz Relova Regino may refer to: * Regino (river), small coastal river in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France People *April Boy Regino Dennis Magloyuan Regino (April 9, 1961 – November 29, 2020), known professionally as April Boy Regino (), ...
( Pila,
Bay A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a gulf, sea, sound, or bight. A cove is a small, circular bay with a na ...
,
Calauan Calauan (), officially the Municipality of Calauan ( tgl, Bayan ng Calauan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. The municipality has a land area of 25.25 square miles which constitutes 3.41% of Laguna's tota ...
and Los Baños), General Severino Taino ( San Pedro,
Biñan Biñan (), officially the City of Biñan ( fil, Lungsod ng Biñan), is a 1st class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Laguna (province), Laguna, Philippines. According ...
,
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina * Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
,
Cabuyao Cabuyao, officially the City of Cabuyao ( fil, Lungsod ng Cabuyao), is a 1st class component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 355,330 people. It used to be known as the "riche ...
and Calamba), Lt. Canuto Aritao (Lumbang, Longos, San Antonio, Paete,
Pakil Pakil, officially the Municipality of Pakil ( tgl, Bayan ng Pakil), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,495 people. Its land area consists of two non-con ...
and Pangil), Major Roman Dimayuga/Lt. Col. Pedro Caballes ( Santa Cruz,
Pagsanjan Pagsanjan (pronounced ''PAG-sang-han''), officially the Municipality of Pagsanjan ( tgl, Bayan ng Pagsanjan), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,327 peop ...
,
Cavinti Cavinti, officially the Municipality of Cavinti ( tgl, Bayan ng Cavinti), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,980 people. It is in the Sierra Madre mo ...
,
Luisiana Luisiana, officially the Municipality of Luisiana ( tgl, Bayan ng Luisiana), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 20,859 people. Locals call the town ''Little ...
and
Majayjay Majayjay, officially the Municipality of Majayjay ( tgl, Bayan ng Majayjay), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,893 people. It is located at the foot of M ...
), Col. Julio Infante ( Magdalena,
Liliw Liliw, officially the Municipality of Liliw ( tgl, Bayan ng Liliw), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,491 people. It is one of the highland towns forming ...
,
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The province is named after Jos� ...
,
Nagcarlan Nagcarlan, officially the Municipality of Nagcarlan ( tgl, Bayan ng Nagcarlan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 64,866 people. It is northeast of San P ...
and San Pablo), and Lt. Col. Fidel Angeles (who died in the
Battle of Mabitac The Battle of Mabitac ( fil, Labanan sa Mabitac, es, Batalla de Mabitac) was an engagement in the Philippine–American War, when on September 17, 1900, Filipinos under General Juan Cailles defeated an American force commanded by Colonel Benjami ...
) in
Siniloan Siniloan, officially the Municipality of Siniloan ( tgl, Bayan ng Siniloan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,460 people. Sinilóan is a center of educ ...
,
Mabitac Mabitac, officially the Municipality of Mabitac ( tgl, Bayan ng Mabitac), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 21,275 people. Mabitac was an excellent hunti ...
and Santa Maria (Gleeck, 1981, p. 4–5). On September 17, 1900, Cailles' troops outmanoeuvred and routed a strong American contingent led by a Colonel Cheetham during the
Battle of Mabitac The Battle of Mabitac ( fil, Labanan sa Mabitac, es, Batalla de Mabitac) was an engagement in the Philippine–American War, when on September 17, 1900, Filipinos under General Juan Cailles defeated an American force commanded by Colonel Benjami ...
in
Laguna Province Laguna, officially the Province of Laguna ( fil, Lalawigan ng Laguna), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is Santa Cruz while its largest city is the City of Calamba and the province is sit ...
. Magnanimous in victory, Cailles allowed Cheetham to recover the bodies of eight slain Americans from the field, together with all their personal belongings. After serving as acting chief of operations in the first zone of Manila during the War, Cailles was appointed by
Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippine ...
as military governor of Laguna and half of Tayabas (now Quezon Province). Aguinaldo's capture in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901, convinced Cailles that the war was lost, leading to his own surrender to American troops on June 20.


Postwar

Cailles then directed his efforts toward rebuilding the country. He served as governor of LagunaForeman, J., 1906, ''The Philippine Islands: A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago'', New York: Charles Scribner's Sons from 1901 to 1910 and again from 1916 to 1925. After his second term, he was appointed representative of the
Mountain Province Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually short ...
in the
Philippine Legislature The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines from 1907 to 1935, during the American colonial period, and predecessor of the current Congress of the Philippines. It was bicameral and the legislative branch of the Insular G ...
in 1925 and reappointed in 1928. In 1931, Cailles was again selected governor of Laguna and reelected in 1934. It was during his term as governor that the Sakdal uprising flared up on May 2, 1935, in
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina * Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
and
Cabuyao Cabuyao, officially the City of Cabuyao ( fil, Lungsod ng Cabuyao), is a 1st class component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 355,330 people. It used to be known as the "riche ...
, Laguna. The revolt was suppressed in record time, thanks to Cailles’ firm administration and revolutionary experience. Cailles had also a hand in the capture of Teodoro Asedillo, the "Terror of the Sierra".


Death

Cailles died on June 28, 1951 from a
heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which ma ...
. His body was interred at the Old Cemetery of Santa Cruz, Laguna. On January 11, 2014, his remains were transferred to
Libingan ng mga Bayani Libingan ng mga Bayani (LNMB, , ) is a national cemetery within Fort Andres Bonifacio (formerly Fort William McKinley) in Metro Manila, Philippines. First established in May 1947 as a fitting resting place for Philippine military personnel fro ...
.


Images

File:LagunaCapitoljf9707 01.JPG, Bust of Hon. Juan Cailles in Laguna Provincial Capitol File:3968Barangays of Pakil, Laguna 48.jpg, Juan Cailles statue at Gen. J. Cailles Memorial District Hospital in
Pakil Pakil, officially the Municipality of Pakil ( tgl, Bayan ng Pakil), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,495 people. Its land area consists of two non-con ...
, Laguna


References

* Gleeck, Lewis, Jr. ''Laguna in American Times: Coconuts and Revolucionarios''. Manila: Historical Conservation Society, 1981, pp. 1–12. *
National Historical Institute The National Historical Commission of the Philippines ( fil, Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas, abbreviated NHCP) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritag ...
; ''Historical Markers: Regions I–IV and CAR''. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1993. {{DEFAULTSORT:Cailles, Juan 1871 births 1951 deaths Filipino military personnel Filipino schoolteachers People from Batangas People of the Philippine–American War People of the Philippine Revolution People from Tanza, Cavite Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Mountain Province Governors of Laguna (province) Filipino people of Indian descent Filipino people of French descent Members of the Philippine Legislature 20th-century Filipino educators