Joseph Hume
FRS (22 January 1777 – 20 February 1855) was a Scottish surgeon and
Radical
Radical may refer to:
Politics and ideology Politics
* Radical politics, the political intent of fundamental societal change
*Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe an ...
MP.
[Ronald K. Huch, Paul R. Ziegler 1985 Joseph Hume, the People's M.P.: DIANE Publishing. ]
Early life
He was born the son of a shipmaster James Hume in
Montrose, Angus
Montrose ( , gd, Monadh Rois) is a town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Situated north of Dundee and south of Aberdeen, Montrose lies between the mouths of the North and South Esk rivers. It is the northernmost coastal town in Angus ...
, who died shortly. He attended
Montrose Academy
Montrose Academy is a coeducational secondary school in Montrose Angus. The School now teaches people from ages 11–18.
It became a comprehensive school in the mid-fifties and was one of a pair of Scottish schools which formed a country-wide tr ...
, where he knew the older
James Mill
James Mill (born James Milne; 6 April 1773 – 23 June 1836) was a Scottish historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher. He is counted among the founders of the Ricardian school of economics. He also wrote ''The History of Briti ...
; and from 1790 was apprenticed to a local surgeon-apothecary, John Bale.
Medical career
Hume studied medicine at the
University of Aberdeen
, mottoeng = The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom
, established =
, type = Public research universityAncient university
, endowment = £58.4 million (2021)
, budget ...
and then the
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 1 ...
. He had as patron
David Scott MP. Before he qualified, he saw wartime service as surgeon-mate on the hoy
HMS ''Hawke''; and then was on the East Indiaman
''Hope'' for 18 months.
In 1799 Hume sailed to India, nominated to the Bengal service by
Jacob Bosanquet
Jacob Bosanquet Jr. (1755 – 30 July 1828) was a British merchant who was chairman of the East India Company.
Life
He was born in Hamburg, the son of the merchant Jacob Bosanquet. He became a junior partner in his cousin's firm of Bosanquet & Wi ...
of the
British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and South ...
.
He worked his passage as medical officer on the
''Houghton''.
Once there, he was commissioned as a surgeon to the 7th Sepoy Regiment. Gaining fluency in
Hindustani and
Persian, he worked also as an interpreter and on commissariat.
On the eve of the
Second Anglo-Maratha War
}
The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
Background
The British had supported the "fugitive" Peshwa Raghunathrao in the First Anglo-Maratha War ...
, Hume came to the attention of
Lord Lake with a method to recover damp gunpowder.
On the outbreak of war, he was with General Peregrine Powell who marched from
Allahabad
Allahabad (), officially known as Prayagraj, also known as Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi (Benares). It is the administra ...
into
Bundelkhand
Bundelkhand (, ) is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central & North India. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion l ...
. He took on again a variety of roles during the campaign.
Return to the United Kingdom
In 1808, Hume resigned from the army and returned to the United Kingdom with a fortune of about £40,000. Between 1808 and 1811, he travelled around England and Europe.
In 1818 Hume was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the judges of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathemati ...
, being, according to his nomination, "well versed in various branches of Useful knowledge and particularly in Chemistry, in various branches of oriental literature and Antiquities".
Political career
Weymouth
In 1812, Hume obtained through
Spencer Perceval a seat in
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
for
Weymouth, Dorset, England, vacant by the death of
Sir John Johnstone, 6th Baronet
Sir John Lowther Johnstone, 6th Baronet (1783–1811) was a British army officer and politician.
Life
He was the son of George Johnstone, who died in 1787, and his wife Charlotte Dee. His mother married again, in 1790, to Charles Edmund Nugent.
...
. He was allowed it by
Masterton Ure
Masterton Ure (3 April 1777 – 10 March 1863) was a Scottish lawyer and Tory politician, serving as the Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis.
Early life
Ure was born to the Rev. Robert Ure, a minister in Airth, Stirling. He a ...
, was elected unopposed and voted as a
Tory
A Tory () is a person who holds a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved in the English culture throughout history. The ...
supporter of the
Perceval administration
This is a list of members of the government of the United Kingdom in office under the leadership of Spencer Perceval from 1809 to 1812.
Cabinet
:
Changes
* December 1809Lord Wellesley succeeds Lord Bathurst as Foreign Secretary ...
.
The parliament was dissolved for the
1812 United Kingdom general election. Ure refused to support Hume further, in fact being overruled by the
Duke of Cumberland and
Viscount Newark. Hume stood nonetheless in the four-member constituency, and received just two votes.
He had toed the line in some matters, but on the expulsion of
Benjamin Walsh and the
Luddite
The Luddites were a secret oath-based organisation of English textile workers in the 19th century who formed a radical faction which destroyed textile machinery. The group is believed to have taken its name from Ned Ludd, a legendary weaver ...
legislation he had shown independence unacceptable to the Duke.
Hume kicked up a fuss and took legal action, and was paid off with £1,000, supposedly to cover election expenses.
This brief Tory period did bring Hume an association with the
Duke of Kent and Strathearn, a patron of
Joseph Lancaster.
John Cam Hobhouse
John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton, (27 June 1786 – 3 June 1869), known as Sir John Hobhouse, Bt, from 1831 to 1851, was an English politician and diarist.
Early life
Born at Redland near Bristol, Broughton was the eldest son of Sir ...
relayed an anecdote told by
John Conroy of the Duke's household, in which Hume advised the Duke to limit the
Duchess to one horse-chaise. In 1833, Hume provided
Alexander Burnes
Captain Sir Alexander Burnes (16 May 1805 – 2 November 1841) was a Scottish explorer, military officer, and diplomat associated with the Great Game. He was nicknamed Bokhara Burnes for his role in establishing contact with and e ...
with an introduction to his daughter
Princess Victoria.
Hiatus and route to radicalism
In connection with the financial troubles of Joseph Lancaster, Hume met
Francis Place in 1813, through
Joseph Fox.
It was Place who brought Hume into the group of political radicals with whom he from then on was associated.
Hume renewed his friendship with James Mill: they both and Place were interested in the school project of a West London Lancasterian Association floated in 1813. The project took a turn for the worse in 1814, when
Francis Burdett intervened and imposed on it his associate
Thomas Evans and
Arthur Thistlewood, pushing out Place who then abandoned politics for four years. By the next decade Hume was identified with the group of followers of Mill and
known as the
Philosophical Radicals
The Philosophical Radicals were a philosophically-minded group of English political radicals in the nineteenth century inspired by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and James Mill (1773–1836). Individuals within this group included Francis Place (177 ...
, with organ the ''
Westminster Review
The ''Westminster Review'' was a quarterly British publication. Established in 1823 as the official organ of the Philosophical Radicals, it was published from 1824 to 1914. James Mill was one of the driving forces behind the liberal journal unt ...
''.
At this period Hume also aimed to become a director of the East India Company, a position he described in an 1813 speech as an "arduous and most respectable office". He lobbied the Company's shareholders, and in so doing met Maria Burnley, whom he married in 1815.
Aberdeen Burghs
When Hume was returned to Parliament once more in 1818, as member for the
Aberdeen Burghs,
Borders
A border is a geographical boundary.
Border, borders, The Border or The Borders may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media Film and television
* ''Border'' (1997 film), an Indian Hindi-language war film
* ''Border'' (2018 Swedish film), ...
, Scotland, it was with the support of
William Maule. He stood there on a radical platform of his own devising.
In 1823 Hume contested the election of
James Duff, 4th Earl Fife
James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, KT, GCH (6 October 1776 – 9 March 1857), was a Scot who became a Spanish general.
Biography
James was the elder son of the Hon. Alexander Duff, who succeeded his brother as third Earl Fife in 1809. He was educate ...
as rector of
Marischal College
Marischal College ( ) is a large granite building on Broad Street in the centre of Aberdeen in north-east Scotland, and since 2011 has acted as the headquarters of Aberdeen City Council. However, the building was constructed for and is on lon ...
in Aberdeen; in 1824 and 1825 he himself was elected. He revived the long-disused rectorial court in 1825, but offended the electorate of students by the use he made of it. He lost out in 1826 and 1827 to
James McGrigor, but was re-elected in 1828. There was a Royal Commission on the Scottish universities in 1826, and Hume claimed he had prompted it.
In Aberdeen's local politics, Hume was at odds with a largely Tory town council, but had supporters including
Alexander Bannerman
Sir Alexander Bannerman (7 October 1788 – 30 December 1864) was a Scottish merchant, vintner, politician and British colonial governor.
Early life
Known as "Sandy", he was born on 7 October 1788 in Scotland. He was the eldest son of merchant ...
. His chances there dropped when he failed to support a road bill before parliament. Faced in 1829 with a serious challenge from
Sir James Carnegie, 5th Baronet
Sir James Carnegie of Kinnaird and of Pitarrow, 5th Baronet DL (1799 – 30 January 1849) was a Scottish politician and ''de jure'' 8th Earl of Southesk, 8th Baron Carnegie of Kinnaird and 8th Baron Carnegie of Kinnaird and Leuchars.
Background
...
, with a Brechin base, Hume decided to change seat.
Later seats
In March 1830, with
Henry Hunt and
Daniel O'Connell
Daniel O'Connell (I) ( ga, Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), hailed in his time as The Liberator, was the acknowledged political leader of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the 19th century. His mobilizat ...
, Hume set up the London-based
Metropolitan Political Union, with a platform that included
manhood suffrage and the
secret ballot
The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vo ...
. He was elected that year for
Middlesex
Middlesex (; abbreviation: Middx) is a historic county in southeast England. Its area is almost entirely within the wider urbanised area of London and mostly within the ceremonial county of Greater London, with small sections in neighbour ...
, England. He produced a County Rates Bill, and aimed to re-organise local government. He came under attack, however, by 1837, as a moderate "Whig-Radical" too close to the
Melbourne ministry.
Hume later represented
Kilkenny
Kilkenny (). is a city in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is located in the South-East Region and in the province of Leinster. It is built on both banks of the River Nore. The 2016 census gave the total population of Kilkenny as 26,512.
Kilken ...
, Ireland (1837); and then, from 1842, for the rest of his life
Montrose Burghs.
Hume as politician
Hume was a relentless, individualistic campaigner over a wide range of causes.
Élie Halévy (English translation) characterised him in terms of "pigheadedness", with a "heavy mind"; and he was always a "dull yet dogged orator".
During much of the
Liverpool ministry
This is a list of members of the government of the United Kingdom in office under the leadership of Lord Liverpool from 1812 to 1827. He was appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by the Prince Regent after the assassination of Spence ...
, Hume could be called "the leader of the parliamentary Radicals", with emphasis on public finance. Initially his group could be called (by
Viscount Castlereagh
A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.
In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judici ...
) "
Creevey, Hume ... and two or three others" who sifted through details; it was nicknamed "The Mountain", from the
Montagnards
Montagnard (''of the mountain'' or ''mountain dweller'') may refer to:
*Montagnard (French Revolution), members of The Mountain (''La Montagne''), a political group during the French Revolution (1790s)
** Montagnard (1848 revolution), members of th ...
in France of the 1790s.
Joseph Nightingale
Joseph Nightingale (26 October 1775 – 9 August 1824) was a prolific English writer and preacher. He was particularly noted for his topographic writing and his interest in shorthand.
Life
He was born at Chowbent in Atherton, Lancashire and beca ...
credited Hume's attritional tactics with the resignations of
Lord Ellenborough and
Nicholas Vansittart
Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley, (29 April 1766 – 8 February 1851) was an English politician, and one of the longest-serving Chancellors of the Exchequer in British history.
Background and education
The fifth son of Henry Vansittart ...
.
A close ally, in parliament from 1826, was
Henry Warburton
Henry Warburton (12 November 1784 – 16 September 1858) was an English merchant and politician, and also an enthusiastic amateur scientist.
Elected as Member of Parliament for Bridport, Dorset, in the 1826 general election, he held the seat f ...
.
The retrenchment issue gained Hume praise from
William Cobbett, and his criticism of the ultra-Protestant line on Ireland also drew support. Opposing the
Canning administration in 1827, however,
Henry Brougham wrote to
Sir Robert Wilson that the Whigs "shall have no connection with Hume & Co. and the Benthamites", while expecting their votes 90% of the time.
Hume often annoyed colleagues on the same side of the argument. He only with difficulty gained the trust of Francis Place, who took many years to come round to James Mill's view of his character.
His attitude affected coalition-building.
Alexander Somerville
Alexander Somerville (15 March 1811 – 17 June 1885) was a British Radical journalist and soldier.Joseph Hamburger,Somerville, Alexander (1811–1885), ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online ed ...
wrote about the formation in 1830 of the
Grey ministry:
We one and all thought it wrong that Joseph Hume should not be a member of the new government. We were ignorant of party connections and differences,—ignorant of the atomic nature of some politicians, of the gregarious nature of others.
Around 1831, "Hume, Warburton and others" formed a recognisable group, still known as "The Mountain".
After the
Reform Act 1832
The Representation of the People Act 1832 (also known as the 1832 Reform Act, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 45) that introduced major changes to the electo ...
, there were new radical MPs, but parliamentary voting support for the radicals reached a peak of 40, apart from specific issues on further electoral reform. Hume had become an "old parliamentary radical", Cobbett a "national radical". At the period of the 1835
Lichfield House Compact
The Lichfield House Compact was an 1835 agreement between the Whig government, the Irish Repeal Party (led by Daniel O'Connell) and the Radicals to act as one body against the Conservative Party. It allowed O'Connell to push for further reform ...
, Hume's plan to unite the parliamentary radicals with
Daniel O'Connell
Daniel O'Connell (I) ( ga, Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), hailed in his time as The Liberator, was the acknowledged political leader of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the 19th century. His mobilizat ...
's followers proved divisive. In 1836–7 he was behind the ''Constitutional'' newspaper, aiming to appeal to militant radicals.
Hume was an early supporter of the
.
Hume's campaigns
Public finances
Hume made a habit of challenging and bringing to a vote every item of
public expenditure
Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants, such as pension, provisions, security, infrastructure, etc. Until the 19th century, public expenditure was limited as laissez faire philosophie ...
. In 1820, he secured the appointment of a committee to report on the expense of collecting tax revenue. He helped to abolish the
sinking fund. It was he who caused the word "retrenchment" to be added to the Radical programme "
peace and reform." The groat coin or four pence was re-introduced in 1836 during the reign of William IV at the suggestion of Hume. Popularly known as the 'joey', named after Hume's christian name, it was introduced to ease transactions on the London buses, the fare being four pence or one groat. As the last groats were struck in 1888 the nickname became passed over to the silver threepences struck after that date until 1941 (the last year of production for British use).
Labour organisation
The
Combination Act 1799
The Combination Act 1799 (39 Geo. III, c. 81) titled An Act to prevent Unlawful Combinations of Workmen, prohibited trade unions and collective bargaining by British workers. The Act received royal assent on 12 July 1799. An additional Act, the Co ...
and its sequel
Combination Act 1800
In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are t ...
were repealed by the
Combination of Workmen Act 1824
In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are t ...
, promoted by Hume and other radicals, in line with Benthamite principles on industrial harmony. Hume had packed a parliamentary committee on the issue, to support his artisan associate
Francis Place. There was an immediate surge in disputes. The
Combinations of Workmen Act 1825
The Combinations of Workmen Act 1825 (6 Geo 4 c. 129) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, which prohibited trade unions from attempting to collectively bargain for better terms and conditions at work, and suppressed the right to strike ...
backed by
William Huskisson
William Huskisson (11 March 177015 September 1830) was a British statesman, financier, and Member of Parliament for several constituencies, including Liverpool.
He is commonly known as the world's first widely reported railway passenger casu ...
then removed the legal
right to strike, which remained the situation until the 1870s.
Hume brought about the repeal of the laws prohibiting the export of machinery, and of the act preventing workmen from going abroad.
Military
Hume protested against the use of
flogging in the army, giving evidence to a parliamentary committee in 1835 based on his time as army surgeon in India. He thought the inducement of a proportion of army commissions should be reserved for soldiers drawn from the ranks, an idea strongly opposed by the
Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister ...
on social grounds.
He also campaigned against the
impressment
Impressment, colloquially "the press" or the "press gang", is the taking of men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice. European navies of several nations used forced recruitment by various means. The large size of ...
of sailors, and imprisonment for debt.
Burnley Hall and death
Hume in 1824 bought the
Somerton estate in Norfolk, north of
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth (), often called Yarmouth, is a seaside town and unparished area in, and the main administrative centre of, the Borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England; it straddles the River Yare and is located east of Norwich. A pop ...
, from the heirs of
Sir Philip Stephens, 1st Baronet, and named the house there Burnley Hall from his wife's name before marriage. It became his seat. He died there in 1855 and is buried to the north-east of the main chapel in
Kensal Green Cemetery
Kensal Green Cemetery is a cemetery in the Kensal Green area of Queens Park in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. Inspired by Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, it was founded by the barrister George Frederick ...
in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
next to his good friend
William Williams.
Works
* A
blank verse translation of ''
The Inferno'' (1812)
*''Letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer'' (1812), suggested that
Luddism could be addressed by free trade and organisation principles applied to
framework knitting
A stocking frame was a mechanical knitting machine used in the textiles industry. It was invented by William Lee of Calverton near Nottingham in 1589. Its use, known traditionally as framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechan ...
.
*''The Substance of the Speech of Joseph Hume ...: Delivered at an Adjourned General Court of the Proprietors of East India Stock, Held in the India House, on the 19th of January, 1813'' (1813)
*''The Speech of Mr. Joseph Hume, at the East-India House, on the 6th of October, 1813'' (1813)
*''A Plan for a New General System of Weights'' (1816)
*''Economy and Retrenchment. Speech of Joseph Hume in the House of Commons, Wednesday, the 27th of June, 1821, on Economy and Retrenchment'' (1822)
*''The Celebrated Letter of Joseph Hume ... to W. L. Mackenzie ... Mayor of Toronto'' (1834)
*''Speech of Mr. Hume, in the Debate on the Motion of the Marquis of Chandos, on the 10th of March, 1835, for the Total Repeal of the Malt Tax'' (1835)
*''On the Corn Laws and the Claims of the Agriculturists to Relief from Taxation : Speech of Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P., on the Motion of the Marquess of Chandos, in the House of Commons on Wednesday, April 27, 1836'' (1836)
*''On the Bank of England; and the State of the Currency'' (1839). There was a reply that year on the financing of the
Slave Compensation Act 1837
The Slave Compensation Act 1837 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 3) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, signed into law on 23 December 1837. It authorised the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt to compensate slave owners in the Brit ...
by the economist Richard Page (1773–1841) ("Daniel Hardcastle").
*''Debate on Sugar Duties: speech of Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P., in the House of Commons, on the 13th May, 1841, on the motion of Lord John Russell'' (1841)
*''Letter from Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P., et al.'' (1853)
Family
Hume married in 1815 Maria Burnley, the daughter of Hardin Burnley, an American merchant and
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Sou ...
director, and sister of
William Hardin Burnley. They had three sons and four daughters: the children included
Allan Octavian Hume and
Mary Catherine Hume-Rothery.
* Joseph Huntley Hume, eldest son, died in 1871 aged 52.
* Maria Burnley (died 1885), married in 1843 Charles Gubbins (died 1866) of the East India Company civil service. He was the son of Major-General Joseph Gubbins and his wife Charlotte Bathoe. Charles having adopted his mother's surname during the 1860s, she is often known as Maria Burnley Bathoe. She contributed 5,000 quotations to the ''
New English Dictionary
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the first and foundational historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a ...
''.
* Eleanor, third daughter, married John Stratford Rodney, son of
John Rodney
Raymond John Flynn (March 7, 1914 – January 1, 1996), known professionally as John Rodney, was an American actor, who worked in film and television. He also used the name John Flynn.
Career Theatrical films
He was born in Brooklyn, New Yor ...
, as his second wife.
* Charlotte Isabella married in 1848 her first cousin
George Balfour, whose mother Susan was sister to Joseph Hume.
Legacy
A memorial of Hume was published by his son Joseph Hume (London, 1855). A subscription fund established a Joseph Hume Scholarship, in jurisprudence and political economy, at
University College London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
. it is still awarded. Hume bequeahed his working library of approximately 5000 pamphlets to University College London in 1855.
According to the ''History of the Silver Coinage of England'' by
Edward Hawkins, a
groat was known as a "Joey". It was "so called from Joseph Hume, M.P., who strongly recommended the coinage for the sake of paying short cab-fares, etc."
Radical commemoration
In 1837 Hume initiated a plan for a
memorial to the Scottish Political Martyrs, victims of the Pitt administration's policy of the 1790s. It was supported by Peter Mackenzie, a radical journalist in Glasgow. He had already set up a memorial for
John Baird and
Andrew Hardie, two weavers executed in the 1820
Radical War. On 21 August 1844, 3000 gathered to see Hume lay the monument's foundation stone at the
Old Calton Cemetery
The Old Calton Burial Ground is a cemetery in Edinburgh, Scotland. It located at Calton Hill to the north-east of the city centre. The burial ground was opened in 1718, and is the resting place of several notable Scots, including philosopher ...
, Edinburgh.
In February 1852, a second monument to the Scottish Political Martyrs, again initiated by Hume, was unveiled at Nunhead Cemetery, London.
[ Wally MacFarlane. "The Scottish Martyrs", a pamphlet published by the Friends of Nunhead Cemetery.]
References
External links
Hume Tractsat
University College London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
*
Bio (to 1832) at History of Parliament Online
, -
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hume, Joseph
1777 births
1855 deaths
People from Montrose, Angus
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Aberdeen constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kilkenny constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
18th-century Scottish medical doctors
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Rectors of the University of Aberdeen
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
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Fellows of the Royal Society
British people of the Greek War of Independence
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Translators of Dante Alighieri