Jorge Pacheco Areco (April 9, 1920 – July 29, 1998) was a
Uruguay
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
an
politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, ...
and member of the
Colorado Party. He served as
President of Uruguay
The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugu ...
from December 6, 1967 to March 1, 1972.
["Leaders of Uruguay"](_blank)
on terra.es, accessed 15 May 2006.
Early political career
Pacheco joined the Colorado Party in the late 1950s, and was elected to the
Chamber of Deputies
The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.
Description
Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon Res ...
in 1962.
In the government of President
Óscar Gestido in 1967, Pacheco served as
Vice President of Uruguay
The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. The ...
, a post which was revived when he took office, having been in abeyance for several years. Pacheco was the sixth person to hold the office of
Vice President of Uruguay
The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. The ...
. The office dates from 1934, when
Alfredo Navarro
Alfredo Navarro (4 May 1868 – 17 May 1951) was a Uruguayan political figure.
Background
Navarro was a prominent member of the Colorado party in the 1930s.
He was a noted medical doctor.
Vice President of Uruguay
Navarro served as Vice Pres ...
became
Uruguay
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
's first Vice President.
Presidential term (1967–1972)
Jorge Pacheco, then vice president, succeeded to the presidency in December 1967 after the elected president
Óscar Gestido died after a few months in office.
He immediately implemented
price and wage freezes in an attempt to control
inflation
In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduct ...
, and enforced a
state of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...
in June 1968 to stem the resulting
labour dispute
A labor dispute is a disagreement between an employer and employees regarding the terms of employment. This could include disputes regarding conditions of employment, fringe benefits, hours of work, tenure, and wages to be negotiated during co ...
s.
His administration fought the National Liberation Movement (MLN in Spanish), an urban guerrilla group also known as the
Tupamaros, which had formed in 1963. The government, with Parliament's approval, imposed emergency measures from June 1968 to March 1969.
Since Uruguay's constitution does not allow a president to run for immediate re-election, a
referendum for constitutional reform was submitted to allow Pacheco to run for a second term in 1971, but it did not pass.
Post-presidential years (1972–1998)
After leaving office, Bordaberry appointed him ambassador to Spain. Later on, President
Aparicio Méndez
Aparicio Méndez Manfredini (24 August 1904 – 27 June 1988) was a Uruguayan lawyer and political. He was a de facto President of Uruguay from 1976–1981 as a non-democratically elected authority of the civic-military dictatorship.
Backgrou ...
appointed him ambassador to Switzerland and the United States. He returned to Uruguay in 1982, to fight the all-party primaries of 1982, which was the first step towards democratization after the democratic interruption of June 1973. The "Batllismo" faction of the Colorado Party led by
Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo (; born 6 January 1936 in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist, who twice served as President of Uruguay (from March 1985 until March 1990, and again, from March 1995 until Marc ...
won the primaries. With this victory, the hegemony of Pacheco's faction in the party came to an end, at least, for several years.
Jorge Pacheco stood once again as presidential candidate for the Unión Colorada y Batllista in the November 1984 elections, selecting his former Deputy Defence Secretary and Secretary to the President
Carlos Pirán
Carlos may refer to:
Places
;Canada
* Carlos, Alberta, a locality
;United States
* Carlos, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Carlos, Maryland, a place in Allegany County
* Carlos, Minnesota, a small city
* Carlos, West Virginia
;Elsewhere ...
as his running-mate. Although the Colorado Party won the elections, he lost to Sanguinetti 3 to 1 within the party.
Pacheco supported the new Colorado administration, and the UCB was represented in the cabinet. Sanguinetti designated Pacheco to be once again ambassador, this time to Paraguay. Returning from Paraguay, he accepted once again the Unión Colorada y Batllista nomination for the 1989 elections. Representative
Pablo Millor
Pablo is a Spanish form of the name Paul.
People
*Pablo Alborán, Spanish singer
*Pablo Aimar, Argentine footballer
*Pablo Armero, Colombian footballer
*Pablo Bartholomew, Indian photojournalist
* Pablo Brandán, Argentine footballer
*Pablo Brenes ...
was selected as his running-mate, representing an up-and-coming faction within the UCB. Pacheco once again lost, both internally to
Jorge Batlle
Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez (; ''Batlle'' locally or ; 25 October 1927 – 24 October 2016) was a Uruguayan politician and lawyer, and a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005.
Dr. Jorge Batlle b ...
of the Batllismo faction, and the Colorado Party to the National Party.
Pacheco was part of the coalition government set up by President
Luis Alberto Lacalle
Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG (; ''Lacalle'' locally or ; born 13 July 1941), is a Uruguayan politician and lawyer who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.
Background
His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, ...
. Due to this, his former VP candidate Pablo Millor split from his faction, taking with him close to half of the Pachequismo's elected representatives, creating a new, independent sector within the Colorados called "
Cruzada 94". The UCB was the last faction to remain in Lacalle's government, apart obviously from the President's
Herrerismo.
With his health in a quite frail state, Pacheco ran once again for President, in elections in November 1994. This time his running-mate was outgoing Industry Minister (from the Lacalle administration)
Eduardo Ache. Pacheco's election result was very poor, but even his marginal result was significant for the Colorado Party to narrowly defeat the National Party and electing once again Julio María Sanguinetti to the presidency.
After the 1994 elections, Pacheco retired from active politics, and only occasionally would make any public appearance. He died on July 29, 1998, being buried with presidential honours at the
Central Cemetery of Montevideo
The Central Cemetery (Spanish: ''Cementerio central'') of Barrio Sur, Montevideo, is one of the main cemeteries in Uruguay. It also ranks amongst the most popular in the country, given that most famous Uruguayan people are buried there.
It is l ...
.
Family background
Pacheco was born in a family with strong political ties.
[Family of Jorge Pacheco Areco](_blank)
/ref>
His father, Manuel Pacheco, was doctor and politician. He was a distant relative of Rafael, César and Lorenzo Batlle Pacheco
Lorenzo Batlle Pacheco (4 March 1897 – 3 December 1954) was a Uruguayan political figure and journalist.
Background
Pacheco was born in Montevideo. He was a journalist on the newspaper '' El Día'' and a prominent member of the Uruguayan Col ...
.
His maternal grandfather, Ricardo Areco, was an important politician at the beginning of the 20th century.
His son, Jorge Pacheco Klein, also exercised a political career as a Colorado
Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the ...
Party deputy.
See also
* Politics of Uruguay
The politics of Uruguay abide by a presidential representative democratic republic, under which the President of Uruguay is both the head of state and the head of government, as well as a multiform party system. The president exercises executi ...
* Colorado Party (Uruguay)
The Colorado Party ( es, Partido Colorado, lit=Red Party) is a liberal political party in Uruguay.
Ideology
The party seeks to unite moderate and liberal groups, although its members have had a diverse set of ideologies since its foundat ...
* Fructuoso Rivera#Later legacy
* List_of_political_families#Uruguay
* List of Uruguayan Ambassadors to the United States
* Tupamaro National Liberation Movement
The Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement ( es, Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros, MLN-T), widely known as Tupamaros, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN-T is inextrica ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pacheco Areco, Jorge
People from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Uruguayan people of Spanish descent
Uruguayan people of Scottish descent
Vice presidents of Uruguay
Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay
Uruguayan vice-presidential candidates
Uruguayan anti-communists
1920 births
1998 deaths
Ambassadors of Uruguay to Spain
Ambassadors of Uruguay to Switzerland
Ambassadors of Uruguay to the United States
Ambassadors of Uruguay to Paraguay
Colorado Party (Uruguay) politicians
Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo