Johann Winter von Andernach (born Johann Winter; 1505 – 4 October 1574) was a German

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

physician, university professor,

humanist Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humanism" ha ...

, translator of ancient, mostly medical works, and writer of his own medical, philological and humanities works.

Life

The family and youth of Winter von Andernach are not well known. He probably came from a poor family and attended the town school in

Andernach Andernach () is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, of about 30,000 inhabitants. It is situated towards the end of the ''Neuwied basin'' on the left bank of the Rhine between the former tiny fishing village ...

, then part of the

Electorate of Cologne The Electorate of Cologne (), sometimes referred to as Electoral Cologne (), was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 10th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the Hochstift—the temporal posses ...

. He left his hometown in 1517 as a teenager. He had a sharp mind, was very curious and was always looking to increase his knowledge. He later moved to

Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...

, where he studied

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

. There he met who was a teacher at Utrecht's Hieronymus school. He also met John III, Duke of Cleves, who will later become his patron. He worked at the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

and the Schola Argentoratensis. He died, aged about 69, in

Strassburg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...

Name

Johann Winter (Johannes Winther) von Andernach, so called because he was born in

, experienced many variations of his name throughout his life. When the name "Winter" was translated into Italian and Latin, the "W" was replaced by "Gue" or the "Wi" replaced by "Gui," giving rise to the name "Guenther" and all of its derivatives. Since "Guenther" or "Gunter" was and is a well known German name, it was considered his real name. Thus Johann Winter is known by the following names: * in Germany: Johann Winter, Johann Winter von Andernach, Johannes Winther (von Andernach), Johann Gwynther von Andernach * in France: Gonthier d’Andernach, Jehan Guinter d’Andernach * in Italy: Ioannes Guinterius Andernacus, Guenter Andernacus * in Latin: Ioannes Guint(h)erius Andernacus Other variations are "Johann Guenther von Andernach", "Johann Günther of Andernach", "Johann Guinterus (Guintherius) von Andernach ". In addition, he also had a kind of pen name: Ionas Philologus, "Johann the philologist."

Works

* ''Syntaxis Graeca''. Paris, 1527 (Greek syntax). * '' Galen's Works'' translated into Latin ** ''De anatomicis administrationibus''. 9 vols, Paris, 1531. ** ''De Hippocratis et Platonis placitis''. Paris, 1534. ** ''Anatomicarum institutionum, secundum Galeni sententiam''. 4 vols, Paris and Basel, 1536; Venice, 1538; Padua, 1558. ** ''Clavdii Galeni Pergameni Medicorvm Omnivm Ferè principis opera, nunc demum a clarissimis et eruditis viris latinitate donata, iam vero ordine justo, et studio exquisito re in lucem recens edita. Quibus, ut solidae veraeque medicinae, non poenitendam operam olim indulsisse iuvabit''. Basel, Cratander (Andreas Leennius) 1529; 27 Galen texts into Latin by 9 different translators including Johann Winter as "Ionas Phil." * ''Opus de re medica'' 7 vols. (''Medical works'' of

Paul of Aegina Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (; Aegina, ) was a 7th-century Byzantine Greek physician best known for writing the encyclopedia, medical encyclopedia ''Medical Compendium in Seven Books.'' He is considered the “Father of Early Medical Writing ...

), Paris, 1532; translated from the Greek into Latin. * ''Institutiones anatomicae''. Paris, 1536, 4 vols, standard work for physicians * '' Alexander of Tralles's Works''. Strasbourg 1549 and 1556; translated into Latin * ''De victus ed medicinae ratione cum alio tum pestilentiae tempore observanda commentarius''. Strasbourg 1542; composed under the direction of the Strasbourg city council, French by Antoine Pierre 1544, of Winter 1547 in the title * ''Instruction très utile par laquelle un chacun se pourra maintenir en santé, tant au temps de peste, comme autre temps''. Strasbourg 1544 and 1547; in German ** ''Sehr praktische Anweisung, durch die ein jeder sich gesund halten kann, besonders in Pestzeiten wie in anderen Zeiten''. * ''Bericht, Regiment, und Ordnung wie die Pestilenz und die pestilenzialische Fieber zu erkennen und zu kurieren''. Strasbourg, 1564 * ''Bericht und Ordnung in disen sterbenden leuffen der Pestilentz, auf befelch eines ersamen Rahts der Statt Straßurg''. Gestellet durch Johann Gwynther von Andernach. Strasbourg, Rihel, 1564. * ''De pestilentia commentarius in quatuor dialogos distinctus''. Strasbourg, 1565. * ''De medicina veteri et nova tum cognoscenda tum faciunda commentarij duo''. Basel: Ex Officina Henricpetrina, 1571.

Notes

References

* Jacob Bernays, ''Zur Biographie Johann Winthers von Andernach.'' In ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins.'' Band 16. Stuttgart 1901, pp. 28ff. * Franz-Josef Heyen, ed. ''2000 Jahre Andernach. Geschichte einer rheinischen Stadt.'' Stadtverwaltung Andernach, Andernach 1988. 2nd ed., 1994. * Édouard Turner, ''Jean Guinther d’Andernach (1505 à 1574) son nom, son âge, le temps de ses études à Paris, ces titres, ses ouvrages.'' in ''Gazette hebdomadaire de médecine et de chirurgie.'' vol. 28, Paris 1881, pp. 425ff.

External links

Johann-Winter-Museum in Andernach

* * ttp://www.digital-collections.de/index.html?c=autoren_index&l=en&ab=Winter%2C+Johann Works of Winterat the Munich Digitization Center * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Winter von Andernach, Johann 1505 births 1574 deaths People from Andernach People from the Electorate of Cologne 16th-century writers in Latin 16th-century German physicians German anatomists 16th-century German writers 16th-century German male writers