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Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider (18 January 1750 – 12 January 1822) was a
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
classicist Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Cla ...
and naturalist.


Biography

Schneider was born at Collm in Saxony. In 1774, on the recommendation of
Christian Gottlob Heine Christian Gottlob Heyne (; 25 September 1729 – 14 July 1812) was a German classical scholar and archaeologist as well as long-time director of the Göttingen State and University Library. He was a member of the Göttingen School of History. ...
, he became secretary to the famous Strasbourg scholar Richard François Brunck, and in 1811 became professor of ancient languages and eloquence at Breslau (chief librarian, 1816) where he died in 1822.


Works

Of his numerous works the most important was his ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch'' (1797–1798), the first independent work of the kind since Stephanus's ''Thesaurus'', and the basis of
F. Passow Franz Ludwig Carl Friedrich Passow (20 September 1786 – 11 March 1833) was a German classical scholar and lexicographer. Biography He was born at Ludwigslust in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In 1807 he was appointed to the professorship of ...
's and all succeeding Greek lexicons (including, therefore, the contemporary standard ''
A Greek-English Lexicon A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes'' ...
''). A special improvement was the introduction of words and expressions connected with natural history and science. In 1801 he corrected and expanded re-published Marcus Elieser Bloch's ''Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum'', a famous catalog of fishes with beautiful illustrations that is cited (as Bloch and Schneider, 1801) as the taxonomy authority for many
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
of fish. The scientific writings of ancient authors especially attracted him. He published editions of Aelian, ''De natura animalium''; Nicander, ''Alexipharmaca'' and ''Theriaca''; the ''Scriptores rei rusticae''; Aristotle, ''Historia animalium'' and ''Politica''; Epicurus, ''Physica'' and ''Meteorologica''; Theophrastus's '' Historia plantarum'', ''Eclogae physicae'';
Oppian Oppian ( grc, Ὀππιανός, ; la, Oppianus), also known as Oppian of Anazarbus, of Corycus, or of Cilicia, was a 2nd-century Greco-Roman poet during the reign of the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, who composed the ''Halieutica'', a f ...
, ''Halieutica'' and ''Cynegetica''; the complete works of Xenophon and Vitruvius; the ''Argonautica'' of the so-called ''Orpheus'' (for which Ruhnken nicknamed him "Orpheomastix"); an essay on the life and writings of
Pindar Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar is ...
and a collection of his fragments. His ''Eclogae physicae'' is a selection of extracts of various length from Greek and Latin writers on scientific subjects, containing the original text and commentary, with essays on natural history and science in ancient times.


Legacy

Schneider is commemorated in the scientific name of a
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
of lizard, ''
Eumeces schneiderii ''Eumeces schneiderii'', commonly known as Schneider's skink or the Berber skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Central Asia, Western Asia, and North Africa. There are five recognized subspecies. Ety ...
''.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Schneider, J.G.T.", p. 237).


Works

* ''Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache.'' Vogel, Leipzig 1828. * ''Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.'' Hahn, Leipzig 1819. * ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.'' Frommann, Jena, Leipzig 1805/06. * '' Eclogae physicae, ex scriptoribus praecipue Graecis excerptae.'' Frommann, Jena, Leipzig 1800. * '' Historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae.'' Frommann, Jena 1799–1801. * ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch.'' Frommann, Jena, Züllichau 1797. * '' Amphibiorum physiologiae specimen.'' Apitz, Frankfurt (Oder) 1790–97. * ''Ad reliqua librorum Friderici II. et Alberti Magni capita commentarii ...'' Müller, Leipzig 1789. * ''Zweyter Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1789. * ''Erster Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1787. * '' Sammlung vermischter Abhandlungen zur Aufklärung der Zoologie und der Handlungsgeschichte.'' Unger, Berlin 1784. * ''Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1783. * ''Ichthyologiae veterum specimina.'' Winter, Frankfurt (Oder) 1780. * '' Synonymia piscium Graeca et Latina emendata, aucta atque illustrata'' 1789 * ''Anmerkungen über den Anakreon.'' Crusius, Leipzig 1770. * ''Neues Magazin für Liebenhaber der Entomologie''. Strasland 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794 >>?


See also

*
Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries The following tables compare Ancient Greek dictionaries, in any language. Main lexicographical works Translated editions of dictionaries Etymological and other dictionaries References * Panagiotis Filos (2018) The Brill Dictionary of Ancien ...


References


Sources

* This work in turn cites: **F. Passow, ''Opuscula academica'' (1835); ** C. Bursian, ''Geschichte der classischen Philologie in Deutschland'' (1883). {{DEFAULTSORT:Schneider, Johann Gottlob German taxonomists 1750 births 1822 deaths German entomologists German herpetologists German ichthyologists German lexicographers German classical scholars People from the Electorate of Saxony Leipzig University alumni University of Göttingen alumni University of Strasbourg alumni European University Viadrina faculty University of Breslau faculty 18th-century German zoologists 19th-century German zoologists