Johan Andreas (Anders) Murray (27 January 1740 – 22 May 1791) was a Swedish physician of German descent and botanist, who published a major work on plant-derived medicines.
Biography
Johan Anders Murray was born in Stockholm on 27 January 1740, son of the Prussian-born preacher and theologian
Andreas Murray
Andreas Murray (9 August 1695 – 1771) was a German-born Swedish theologian and priest, and founder of the Swedish Murray family.
Andreas Murray was born in Memel in East Prussia, on 9 August 1695.The Swedish patent of nobility granted to his so ...
(1695 - 1771).
His brothers were the professors
Johann Philipp Murray (1726-1776) and
Adolph Murray
Adolph (Adolf) Murray (13 February 1751 – 4 May 1803) was a distinguished Swedish anatomist.
Biography
Adolph Murray was born on 13 February 1751 in Stockholm.
He was the youngest son of the Prussian-born preacher and theologian Andreas Murray ...
(1751-1803),
and the Bishop
Gustaf Murray (1747-1825).
Murray studied from 1756-1759 in
Uppsala
Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019.
Located north of the ca ...
, where he was taught by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, ...
. In 1760, he went to
Göttingen
Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911.
General information
The ori ...
, where he became a doctor of medicine in 1763. In 1769, he was appointed professor and director of the botanical garden.
He led investigations into the properties of medicinal plants, at that time the main interest of botanists, and into the ways in which plant-derived medicines could be prepared and administered.
In 1791, Murray was elected a member of the
American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...
. Murray died in Göttingen on 22 May 1791.
Work
Murray was a prominent pharmacologist and botanist. His work ' (1776–92) in six volumes, of which the last was published only after his death, is a comprehensive compilation of herbal remedies. Its full title is ', meaning ‘The Formulation of Medicines as Simple as Prepared and Arranged in Practice and Careful Aid’.
In addition, he published German translations of numerous writings by Swedish physicians.
In 1774 he published the 13th edition of Linnaeus's ' under the title ' (‘System of the
Vegetable Kingdom
''Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes'', often shortened to ''Vegetable Kingdom'', is a 2020 cookbook by Bryant Terry. It received positive reviews and won an NAACP Image Award. Recipes are based on the cuisines of the African ...
’), with an introduction he wrote himself called ' (‘The Vegetable Kingdom’). The standard botanical abbreviation for this is Syst. Veg..
A fourteenth edition was published in 1784.
Legacy
The citrus genus ''
Murraya'' is named for Johan Andreas Murray.
Partial bibliography
Murray was the author of many treatises and translations, which included:
Digital editionby the
University and State Library Düsseldorf
The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of t ...
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15th edition 1797*
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Johan Andreas
1740 births
1791 deaths
18th-century Swedish physicians
Swedish botanists
Physicians from Stockholm
Swedish people of German descent