The Jesuit Missions of
La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and
Jesús de Tavarangue ( es, Misiones Jesuíticas de La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná y Jesús de Tavarangue) are located in the
Itapúa Department
Itapúa () is a department in the southern region of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Encarnación. It is divided into 30 districts, more than any other district in the country.
History
This department was created after the breakup of the ...
,
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to ...
, and are religious missions that are still preserved and that were founded by the
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders = ...
missioners during the colonization of
South America in the 17th century. These religious missions were created in 1609 and developed for 150 years. Both Jesuit missions were declared World Heritage Site by the
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
in 1993.
The
Jesuit missions of Paraguay are considered some of the most impressive creations of the religious work of the Jesuits and are testimony of the historical richness of the country.
History
Aleixo Garcia
Aleixo Garcia, also known in Spanish as Alejo García, (died 1525) was a Portuguese explorer and conquistador in service to Spain. He was a castaway who lived in Brazil and explored Paraguay and Bolivia. On a raiding expedition with a Guaraní a ...
encountered
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to ...
in 1524. Its development in the political, economical and social matter was a slow process, scarred by armed conflicts between Spanish conquerors and natives, who fought to preserve their territory.
By 1590 the Spanish had founded 10 cities and 40 colonies in South America. The natives were forced to be at their service (Encomienda system).
The Spanish King tried to improve their quality of life by making some decrees for their protection but it was difficult to have a real system of control to make sure they were obeyed. The system of "Encomienda" gave place to many insurrections of the natives.
It was not until the Missions were established that there was a real improvement in the living conditions of the natives.
The first Jesuits arrived in
Tucumán in 1586 and in 1587, by request of the Asunción's Bishop, Alonso Guerra.
The Jesuits started the evangelization and building of towns or Missions in the region of
Misiones
Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes ...
and
Itapúa Departments in Paraguay.
The first thing they did was to form towns that were self-sufficient in the areas inhabited by the natives and a study of the
Guaraní language
Guaraní (), specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani ( "the people's language"), is a South American language that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of P ...
they spoke to make a writing structure (because the Guaraní people did not write their language). The missioners not only imparted knowledge about religion but also determined the rules of public order, culture, education, and society, which had great influence in the later development of Paraguay. The natives, who were nomads and were not used to a structured life, founded themselves gathered in small communities in the forest. Near the Jesuit Missions were formed groups of 2000 or 3000 per town.
This group of missioners founded about 30 Missions in territories that nowadays belong to Paraguay,
Brazil,
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, and
Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center
, flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
. Many of the constructions have been preserved and the ones that had been damaged were rebuilt.
Santísima Trinidad del Paraná Ruins
The Santísima Trinidad del Paraná Mission is considered the biggest of all the missions. Natives that came from the missions of San Carlos (nowadays in the territory of Argentina) were its founders in 1712.
This mission has the biggest built temple among all the Jesuit Missions, with an altar carved from a single piece of stone. In it is represented the persecution of the natives at that time.
It has a Central Square, the town's place of meeting, and a museum, located in the old sacristy, are the sculptures and a scale model of the mission.
These ruins are being restored and maintained constantly.
It is a Cultural Patrimony of Humankind.
Jesús de Tavarangue Ruins
The church of Reducción de Jesús (Jesus’ Mission) was in the process of being built at the time that the Jesuits were expelled from Río de la Plata Province. It would have been one of the biggest churches of that time, with a central structure of 70 meters long and 24 meters wide.
It would have been a replica of the
Sanctuary of Loyola
The Sanctuary of Loyola or Loiola ( es, Santuario de Loyola; eu, Loiolako Santutegia), or the Shrine and Basilica of Loyola, consists of a series of edifices built in Churrigueresque Baroque style around the birthplace of St. Ignatius of Loyo ...
, in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
. The three front access doors are very impressive.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
declared it Cultural Patrimony of Humankind in 1993. It is considered one of the most important edifications of the 30 Jesuits towns in the region.
The stone pulpit, the friezes of angels, the rose-shaped carved stone in the lintels in the doors, and the bell tower stand out in its architecture.
The ruins of these missions show a way of life and education marked by its singular style.
How to get to the ruins
The ruins in Paraguay are, possibly, the best preserved, and include Jesús,
San Cosme,
Damián and Trinidad Missions.
To get to these places it is necessary to take Route No. 6 from
Encarnación. The entries to all the missions are signaled on the route.
The access to the ruins of Trinidad is located 700 meters from Route No. 6 in “km 31”, about 1 kilometer after, is the access to the ruins of Jesús de Tavarangue. The site of the ruins of Jesús is 12 km from this access point and can be easily reached by taxi or bus.
References
* La Magia de nuestra tierra. Fundación en Alianza. Asunción. 2007
Corazonez. org
External links
Explore the Jesuit Missions of La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangue in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and CultureGalería de imágenes SG-SAG FACULTAS PHILOSOPHICA
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jesuit Missions Of La Santisima Trinidad De Parana And Jesus De Tavarangue
Spanish missions in Paraguay
Jesuit history in South America
Itapúa Department
Ruins in Paraguay
1602 establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru
1767 disestablishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru
Tourist attractions in Paraguay
Roman Catholic churches in Paraguay