Jean-Baptiste Dubos (; 14 December 1670 – 23 March 1742), also referred to as l' Abbé Du Bos, was a French author. He was also a diplomat and an art critic.

Life

Dubos was born in Beauvais. He was educated in Paris and received a Master of Arts in 1688 and a Bachelor of Theology in 1692. After studying theology, he gave it up in favour of public law and politics. He was employed by M. de Torcy, minister of foreign affairs, and by the regent and Cardinal Dubois in several secret missions. He was rewarded with a pension and other advantages. Having obtained these, he retired from political life and devoted himself to history and literature. During his travels as French envoy, he cultivated connections with contemporary prominent thinkers. These included

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Jean Chardin Jean Chardin (16 November 1643 – 5 January 1713), born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, and also known as Sir John Chardin, was a French jeweller and traveller whose ten-volume book ''The Travels of Sir John Chardin'' is regarded as one of the finest ...

, and John Locke, who he became close friends with. Dubos gained such distinction as an author that in 1720 he was elected a member of the Académie française, and, in 1723, was appointed to the position of perpetual secretary in succession to André Dacier. He died in Paris, repeating the remark, "Death is a law, not a punishment."

Works

Dubos' first work was ''L'Histoire des quatre Gordiens prouvée et illustrée par des médailles'' (Paris, 1695), which, in spite of its ingenuity, did not succeed in convincing most people. At the beginning of the war of 1701 he was charged with different negotiations (both in the

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and England). In an attempt to persuade those countries to adopt a policy of peace, he published a work entitled ''Les Intéréts de l'Angleterre mal entendus dans la guerre présente'' (Amsterdam, 1703). This work contained indiscreet disclosures and predictions that were not fulfilled. The enemy took advantage of the work, and a wag took occasion to remark that the title ought to be read thus: ''Les Intérêts de l'Angleterre mal entendus par l'abbé Dubos''. It is remarkable as containing a distinct prophecy of the revolt of the American colonies from Great Britain. Dubos' next work was ''L'Histoire de la Ligue de Cambray'' (Paris, 1709, 1728 and 1785, 2 vols.), a full, clear and interesting history, commended by

Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Known by his ''nom de plume'' M. de Voltaire (; also ; ), he was famous for his wit, and his criticism of Christianity—es ...

. In 1734 he published his ''Histoire critique de l'établissement de la monarchie française dans les Gaules'' (3 vols. 4to)--a work the object of which was to prove that the Franks had entered Gaul, not as conquerors, but at the request of the nation, which, according to him, had called them in to govern it. This system, though unfolded with a degree of skill and ability that, at first, procured many zealous partisans, was attacked by

Montesquieu Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (; ; 18 January 168910 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the princi ...

at the end of the thirtieth book of the ''Esprit des lois''. Dubos' principle work, ''Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture'', was published for the first time in 1719 (2 vols, but often reprinted in three volumes). In France it was considered an important text for the study of aesthetics and was a popular textbook until the 19th century. Like his history of the League of Cambray, it was highly praised by

. The work was rendered more remarkable by the fact that its author had no practical acquaintance with any one of the arts whose principles he discussed. This work has been noted for elevating criticism to a place among the arts. Besides the works above enumerated, a manifesto of

Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names. List of people Monarchs *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459� ...

, against the

emperor Leopold Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; hu, I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria An ...

(relative to the succession in Spain) has been attributed to Dubos from the excellence of the style.

Excerpts

" e of the greatest wants of man is to have his mind incessantly occupied. The heaviness which quickly attends the inactivity of the mind, is a situation so very disagreeable to man, that he frequently chooses to expose himself to the most painful excesses, rather than be troubled with it." ''Critical Reflections'', I. I

References

External links

*
Critical Reflections
– 1748 English translation by Thomas Nugent of Dubos's ''Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture''.
An incomplete bibliography with some notes on the works.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dubos, Jean-Baptiste 1670 births 1742 deaths People from Beauvais Members of the Académie Française 18th-century French writers 18th-century French male writers 18th-century French historians French literary theorists Philosophers of art French male non-fiction writers