The July Ordinances, also known as the Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830. Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radicalism in the elected government, Charles felt that as king by right of birth, his primary duty was the guarantee of order and happiness in France and its people; not in political bipartisanship and the self-interpreted rights of implacable political enemies. The result was that on 9 July 1830, Charles announced that in his interpretation of, and in full compliance with, Article 14 of the Charter of 1814, he would henceforth govern by . On 25 July, while a guest at Saint-Cloud, he signed the infamous "July Ordinances" which were published in the Parisian newspaper the following day. The ordinances of 26 July: * Suspended the liberty of the press * Appointed new, reactionary Councillors of State * Dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies of France * Reduced the number of deputies in future Chambers * Summoned new electoral colleges for September of that year * Withdrew the Deputies'

right of amendment An amendment is a formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document. It is based on the verb to amend, which means to change for better. Amendments can add, remove, or update parts of these agreements. The ...

* Excluded the commercial

middle-class The middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by occupation, income, education, or social status. The term has historically been associated with modernity, capitalism and political debate. Comm ...

from future elections Mansel, Philip. '' Paris Between Empires: 1814-1852''. Chp. XIII, page 237 It was intended to quell the people of France. However, the ordinances had the opposite effect of angering the French citizens. Journalists gathered in protest at the headquarters of the '' National'' daily, founded in January 1830 by

Adolphe Thiers Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ( , ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France and first President of the French Third Republic. Thiers was a key figure in the July Rev ...

, Armand Carrel, and others. The final result was the July Revolution and Charles X's abdication and exile.

References

19th-century revolutions 1830 in law 1830 in France July 1830 events {{France-hist-stub