''Janula'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by

Embrik Strand Embrik Strand (2 June 1876 – 3 November 1947) was an entomologist and arachnologist who classified many insect and spider species, including the greenbottle blue tarantula. Life and career Strand was born in Ål, Norway. He studied at t ...

in 1932. It is a

senior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...

of ''Monetoculus''.

Species

it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia,

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

, and

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

: *'' Janula aspus'' (Levi, 1964) –

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

*'' Janula batman'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 –

Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...

*'' Janula bicornigera'' ( Simon, 1894) –

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

*'' Janula bicornis'' (Thorell, 1881) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) –

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

(

) *''

Janula bicruciata ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Simon, 1895) – Brazil *'' Janula bifrons'' (Thorell, 1895) –

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

*''

Janula bizona ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 – Borneo *''

Janula bruneiensis ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 – Borneo *''

Janula bubalis ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 – Borneo *''

Janula chiapensis ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Levi, 1955) –

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

(Cocos Is.) *''

Janula colima ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Levi, 1955) – Mexico to

*''

Janula crysus ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Buckup & Marques, 1992) – Brazil *''

Janula cuzco ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Levi, 1967) –

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

*'' Janula dominica'' (Levi, 1955) –

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ) is an island between Geography of Cuba, Cuba and Geography of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the second-largest by List of C ...

*''

Janula erythrophthalma ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Simon, 1894) –

, Lesser Antilles to Bolivia *'' Janula flores'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *''

Janula itaqui ''Janula'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a Synonym_(taxonomy), senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South Ame ...

'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula jimmyi'' (Chavari & Brescovit, 2014) –

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

*'' Janula juarezi'' (Levi, 1955) – Mexico *'' Janula luteolimbata'' (Thorell, 1898) – Myanmar *'' Janula lutzenbergeri'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula malachina'' (Simon, 1895) – Peru, Brazil *'' Janula mamiraua'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula manauara'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula marginata'' (Thorell, 1898) – Myanmar *'' Janula modesta'' (Thorell, 1898) – Myanmar *'' Janula moyobamba'' (Levi, 1964) – Peru *'' Janula nadleri'' (Levi, 1955) – Bahama Is.,

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

*'' Janula nebulosa'' (Simon, 1895) – Panama,

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

, Brazil,

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

*'' Janula ocreata'' (Simon, 1909) –

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

*'' Janula panamensis'' (Levi, 1955) – Panama *'' Janula parva'' (Wunderlich, 2008) –

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

*'' Janula picta'' (Simon, 1895) –

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

*''

Janula pimenta ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula pyrus'' (Levi, 1964) – Panama *'' Janula salobrensis'' (Simon, 1895) –

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger, more populous island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the country. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in ...

Guyana Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic British West Indies. entry "Guyana" Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the co ...

, Brazil *'' Janula seguro'' E. N. L. Rodrigues, 2022 – Brazil *'' Janula taprobanica'' (Simon, 1895) –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

*'' Janula teresopolis'' (Levi, 1964) – Brazil *'' Janula triangularis'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 –

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

, Singapore,

Brunei Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with ...

(Borneo) *'' Janula triocellata'' Yoshida & Koh, 2011 – Borneo *''

Janula unitus ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'' (Levi, 1964) –

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

, Jamaica *'' Janula vaticus'' (Levi, 1964) – Costa Rica, Panama *'' Janula zurlus'' (Levi, 1964) – Venezuela

References

Theridiidae genera Spiders of Asia Spiders of Australia Spiders of South America Taxa named by Embrik Strand Theridiidae {{Theridiidae-stub

Species

See also

References