Jamal al-Din Muhammad was a
Burid atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the ti ...
of
Damascus
Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...
from 1139 to 1140. He was the last son of
Taj al-Muluk Buri
Taj al-Muluk Buri (; died 6 June 1132) was a Turkoman atabeg of Damascus from 1128 to 1132. He was initially an officer in the army of Duqaq, the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, together with his father Toghtekin. When the latter took power after ...
, emir of Damascus.
Biography
On the night of June 22 or 23, 1139, the then atabeg of Damascus
Shihab al-Din Mahmud was assassinated by three of his pages. Minister
Mu'in al-Din Unur
Mu'in ad-Din Unur (; died August 28, 1149) was the List of rulers of Damascus#Burid emirs, ruler of Damascus from 1140 to 1149. He was a Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman slave of Burid emirs.
Origins
Mu'in ad-Din was originally a Mamluk in the army ...
then took matters in hand energetically, had the assassins crucified and brought Prince Jamal al-Din Muhammad, half-brother of the deceased atabeg and emir of Baalbek, to Damascus to do so. recognize atabeg by the population. In the meantime, the mother of Mahmud, since remarried in Zengi, called her husband for help, who ran hoping to seize Damascus, but the dispositions of Mu'in al-Din Unur took him by surprise, and he can only lay siege to Baalbek on August 20, 1139. The citadel resists so well that, when the garrison surrenders, on October 21, Zengi orders the soldiers to be crucified despite his oaths to spare them, hoping to frighten the Damascenes, but it only strengthens the determination of the population around its leaders.
Zengi then changed tactics and offered the young atabeg the exchange of Damascus for a minor fief, but Mu'in al-Din Unur took it upon himself to decline the offer. Zengi established his camp near Damascus on December 6, 1139, and following a success against the Damascene troops on December 21 again proposed the exchange of Damascus for Homs or Baalbek, a proposal that the young atabeg thought he would accept, but Unur takes it upon himself to dissuade him, citing Zengi's disloyalty. Muhammad died on March 29, 1140, and his son Mujir al-Din Abaq, still a child, succeeded him, under the regency of Mu'in al-Din Unur. Zengi still besieged Damascus, but Unur then appealed to
Fulk of Anjou
Fulk of Anjou (, or ''Foulques''; – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the king of Jerusalem from 1131 until 1143 as the husband and co-ruler of Queen Melisende. Previously, he was the count of Anjou as Fulk V from 1109 t ...
, and Zengi lifted the siege on May 4, preferring retreat to confrontation.
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References
Works cited
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Burid emirs
1140 deaths