Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (14 May 1805 – 10 March 1900) was, together with his son-in-law Niels W. Gade, the leading Danish composer of the 19th century, a period known as the

Danish Golden Age The Danish Golden Age () covers a period of exceptional creative production in Denmark, especially during the first half of the 19th century.Kulturnet DanmarkGuide to the Danish Golden Age Although Copenhagen had suffered from fires, Battle of Co ...

. According to

Alfred Einstein Alfred Einstein (December 30, 1880February 13, 1952) was a German-American musicologist and music editor. He was born in Munich, and fled Nazi Germany after Adolf Hitler, Hitler's ''Machtergreifung'', arriving in the United States by 1939. He is b ...

, he was "the real founder of the Romantic movement in Denmark and even in all Scandinavia". J.P.E. Hartmann was the third generation of composers in the Danish musical Hartmann family.

Biography

Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann was born and died in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

, Denmark. He was the son of composer August Wilhelm Hartmann (1775–1850) and Christiane Petrea Frederica Wittendorff (1778–1848), and the grandson of composer Johann Hartmann (1726-1793), who had originally emigrated to Denmark from

Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...

. J.P.E. Hartmann himself was largely self taught. Complying with his father's wishes (who wanted to protect him from the uncertainties of a musician's life), he studied the law and worked as a civil servant from 1829 to 1870, whilst pursuing an extensive musical career. By 1824, he became

organist An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ (music), organ. An organist may play organ repertoire, solo organ works, play with an musical ensemble, ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumentalist, instrumental ...

at the Garnisons Kirke in Copenhagen, and in 1832, made a first major impression on audiences with the opera ''Ravnen''. The opera received a long and positive review from

Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...

. The libretto was by Hartmann's lifelong friend

Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen ( , ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogue (literature), travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales. Andersen's fai ...

with whom he later cooperated on numerous other works, cantatas, songs, incidental music or operas (among others his popular opera ''

Liden Kirsten ''Liden Kirsten'' (Little Kirsten), Opus number, Op. 44, is an opera in two acts by Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann with a Danish libretto by Hans Christian Andersen. It premiered on 12 May 1846 at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen but was only ...

,'' a Danish pendant to the Bartered Bride, which was performed by

Liszt Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most pro ...

Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...

, and which remains today the most often played Danish opera). Hartmann also cooperated with other important Danish writers of his time, such as

Henrik Hertz Henrik Hertz (25 August 1797 – 25 February 1870) was a Danish poet. Biography He was born of Jewish parents in Copenhagen. In 1817 he was sent to the university. His father died in his infancy, and the family property was destroyed in the b ...

on his opera ''Korsarerne'' or with Adam Øhlenschlæger, writing incidental music and overtures to several of his plays, as well as music in the form of both songs and also melodramas for some of his poems (e.g. ''Guldhornene''), and cooperating in writing numerous cantatas. In 1836, Hartmann made a study tour to Germany and France, where he made the acquaintance of

Frédéric Chopin Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period who wrote primarily for Piano solo, solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown ...

Gioachino Rossini Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer of the late Classical period (music), Classical and early Romantic music, Romantic eras. He gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote man ...

Luigi Cherubini Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini ( ; ; 8 or 14 SeptemberWillis, in Sadie (Ed.), p. 833 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethov ...

Gaspare Spontini Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini (14 November 177424 January 1851) was an Italian opera composer and conductor from the classical era. During the first two decades of the 19th century, Spontini was an important figure in French ''opera'', and ...

and

Louis Spohr Louis Spohr (, 5 April 178422 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, ...

. In his early musical life, Spohr and the Danish composer

Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse Christoph(er) Ernst Friedrich Weyse (5 March 1774 – 8 October 1842) was a Danish composer during the Danish Golden Age. Biography Weyse was born at Altona in Holstein, which was in a personal union with Denmark. He gained much interest in ...

were Hartmann's most important mentors, as well as

Heinrich Marschner Heinrich August Marschner (16 August 1795 – 14 December 1861) was a German composer best known for his operas. He is considered to be the most important composer of German opera between Weber and Wagner.Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonie ...

Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...

Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, often set within studied ye ...

and other renowned composers of the time. He also founded the

Copenhagen Music Society Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for ...

(''Musikforeningen'') in 1836, remaining its chairman until the end of his life. In 1843, he transferred from Garnisons Kirke to play the

organ Organ and organs may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a group of tissues organized to serve a common function * Organ system, a collection of organs that function together to carry out specific functions within the body. Musical instruments ...

for Copenhagen's cathedral, the Vor Frue Kirke, and became the director of the Student Choral Association. He held both these posts until his death. His proverbially gentle character made him very popular, his compatriots organising year on year numerous impressive feasts to celebrate his birthday. In 1867, after having taught several subjects at the Danish Academy of Music which originally was founded in 1825 by

Giuseppe Siboni Giuseppe Siboni (27 January 1780 – 28 March 1839) was an Italian operatic tenor, opera director, choir conductor, and voice teacher. He began his career in his native country in 1797 and actively performed in major Italian opera houses up throu ...

(1780–1839), Hartmann helped co-establish and also direct the

Royal Danish Academy of Music The Royal Danish Academy of Music, or Royal Danish Conservatory of Music (), in Copenhagen is the oldest professional institution of musical education in Denmark as well as the largest, with approximately 400 students. It was established in 186 ...

(''Københavns'' ''Musikkonservatorium'') with

Niels Gade Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher. Together with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he was the leading Danish musician of his day, in the period known as ...

(1817–1890) and

Holger Simon Paulli Holger Simon Paulli (22 February 181023 December 1891) was a Danish conductor and composer. Paulli composed an opera, thirteen ballets, an overture, and pieces for violin and lieder. Biography Paulli was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was a st ...

(1810–1891).

Personal life

In 1829, he married Emma Sophie Amalie Zinn (1807–1851), herself a composer. One of their sons,

Emil Hartmann Emil Hartmann (1 February 1836–18 July 1898) was a Danish composer of the romantic period, fourth generation of composers in the Danish Hartmann musical family. His music is distinctly Nordic and tuneful and won great popularity in his t ...

(1836–1898) also became a renowned composer, while their son Carl Christian Ernst Hartmann (1837–1901) became a sculptor. Two of their daughters married composers; Emma Sophie (b. 1831) married

and Clara (b. 1839) married

August Winding August Winding (24 March 183516 June 1899) was a Danish pianist, teacher and composer. Life Early life and education August Henrik Winding was born in Tårs, near Sandby on the island of Lolland.Niels Viggo Bentzon Niels Viggo Bentzon (24 August 1919 – 25 April 2000) was a Danish composer and pianist. Biography Bentzon was born and died in Copenhagen. He was the son of Viggo Bentzon (1861-1937), Rector of Copenhagen University and Karen Hartmann (188 ...

and the director

Lars von Trier Lars von Trier (né Trier; born 30 April 1956) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. Beginning in the late-1960s as a child actor working on Danish television series ''Secret Summer'', von Trier's career has spanned more than five decad ...

descend from Hartmann.

Style

Hartmann's works are characterized by artistic seriousness, dramatic vitality, and in particular, by national coloring. The Nordic elements, which can be discerned in the themes based on

folksongs Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has bee ...

, modulations, and the tendency towards rather dark sounds, emerged strongly after the 1830s. Hartmann united these Romantic influences with a strong control over both

form Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens. Form may also refer to: *Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter dat ...

and

theme Theme or themes may refer to: * Theme (Byzantine district), an administrative district in the Byzantine Empire governed by a Strategos * Theme (computing), a custom graphical appearance for certain software. * Theme (linguistics), topic * Theme ( ...

, acquired through his Classical training. Hartmann's life covered the whole 19th century and his very varied output makes it difficult to slot him in one category. His early works, such as a Flute Sonata or a Piano Quartet were still written in Beethoven's lifetime and are naturally in the style of the Viennese classicist period. Influences from the then prevailing German models -

Weber Weber may refer to: Places United States * Weber, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Weber City, Virginia, a town * Weber City, Fluvanna County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Weber County, Utah * Weber Canyon, Utah * Weber R ...

Spohr Louis Spohr (, 5 April 178422 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, te ...

or Marschner - can also be detected. Much of his later work belongs to the generation of

Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic music, Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions inc ...

. Still his style continued developing over the years. Later compositions, such as the monumental A-Minor piano sonata or some Overtures (''Yrsa'') bear some similarities with Brahms. And there are pre-modernist accents in many of his latest pieces pointing notably to

Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor, and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he d ...

. His work had a strong influence on Scandinavian composers of later generations such as

Edvard Grieg Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( , ; 15 June 18434 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic music, Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwid ...

, Peter Erasmus Lange-Mueller or

. His ever increasing originality gave him the nickname of being the «''old man'' ''prodigy''» («''Vidunderolding''»). Overall, his music displays great diversity, going from humour and poetry to drama and tragedy.

Works

Orchestral

Symphony A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning c ...

No. 1 in G minor, Op. 17 (1835) *Symphony No. 2 in E, Op. 48 (1847–48) *Twelve

Overture Overture (from French ''ouverture'', "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which ...

s **''Concert overture,'' Op. 3 (1825) **''Sacred overture,'' Op. 9 (1827) **''Ravnen,'' Op. 12 (1830–32) **''Korsarerne,'' Op. 16 (1832–35) **''Hakon Jarl'', Op. 40 (1844) **''

'', Op. 44 (1844–46) **''Concert overture'', Op. 51 (1852) **'' Axel og Valborg,'' Op. 57 (1856) **''Correggio'', Op. 59 (1858) **''En Efteraarsjagt'', Op. 63 (1864, dedicated to Niels W. Gade) **''Yrsa'', Op. 78 (1883) **''Dante'', Op. 85 (1888) *

Incidental music Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, or some other presentation form that is not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as th ...

**''Olaf den Hellige,'' Op. 23 (1838) (

Adam Oehlenschläger Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (; 14 November 177920 January 1850) was a Danish poet and playwright. He introduced romanticism into Danish literature. He wrote the lyrics to the song ''Der er et yndigt land'', which is one of the national anthe ...

) **''Knud den Store,'' Op. 28 (1839) (

) **''Fiskeren of hans Børn,'' Op. 29 (1840) (

) **''Syvsoverdag,'' Op. 30 (12840 - revised in 1872) ( Johan Ludvig Heiberg) **''Maurerpigen,'' Op. 32 (1840) (

) **''Undine'', Op. 33 (1842) (Carl Borgaard) **''Hakon Jarl'', Op. 40 (1844–57) ( Oehlenschläger) **''En Ødeland'' (1849) (

Ferdinand Raimund Ferdinand Raimund (born Ferdinand Jakob Raimann; 1 June 1790 – 5 September 1836, Pottenstein, Austria, Pottenstein, Lower Austria) was an Austrian actor and playwright. Life and work Raimund was born in Vienna as a son of Bohemian woodturn ...

) **''En Episode'' (1852) ( Chr. Juul) **''Kildereise'' (1858) (Intermezzo by

for the play by

Ludvig Holberg Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 – 28 January 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen, Norway, during the time of the Denmark–Norway, Dano–Norwegian dual monarchy. He was infl ...

) **''Ambrosius'' (1878) ( Christian Knud Frederik Molbech) **''Yrsa'', Op. 78 (1881–82) (

) **''Dante'', Op. 85 (1888) ( Christian Knud Frederik Molbech) *Melodrama **''Guldhornene (The Golden Horns),'' Op. 11 (1832,

) **''Jurabjerget'', Op. 14 (1833,

) **''Der Taucher'', Op. 21 (1837,

Friedrich Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian. Schiller is considered by most Germans to be Germany's most important classical playwright. He was born i ...

) **Prologue for the celebration of the Musikforening in the memory of Niels W. Gade (1891, on a poetry by

Christian Richardt Christian Richardt (25 May 1831 in Copenhagen - 18 December 1892) was a Danish writer. He wrote the libretto A libretto (From the Italian word , ) is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, ...

) *Ballets (all to choreography by

August Bournonville August Bournonville (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer. He was the son of Antoine Bournonville, a dancer and choreographer trained under the French choreographer, Jean Georges Noverre, and the ne ...

) **''Fantasiens Ø (Fantasy Island,'' First Act) (1838) **''Valkyrien'', (''The

Valkyrie In Norse mythology, a valkyrie ( or ; from ) is one of a host of female figures who guide souls of the dead to the god Odin's hall Valhalla. There, the deceased warriors become ('single fighters' or 'once fighters').Orchard (1997:36) and Li ...

''), Op. 62 (1860–61) **''Thrymskviden (The Song of Thrym)'', Op. 67 (1867–68) **''Arcona'', Op. 72 (1873–75) **'' Et Folkesagn'', together with Niels W. Gade *Other **Three Character pieces for string orchestra, Op. 81 **Multiple marches and other pieces of circumstance

Vocal

* Operas ** ''Ravnen'', Op. 12 (1830–32) (

) ** ''Korsarerne'', (''The Corsair''), Op. 16 (1832–35) (

) ** ''

'', (''Little Kirsten''), Op. 44 (1844–46) (

) **''Saul'' (unfinished) (1864–65) (

) * Concert cantatas ** ''Den musikelskende Landsbypige'' (1833) (

) **''De tvende Dugdraaber'' (1844) ( Schack von Staffelt) ** ''Den sørgende Jødinde'' (1844-1875) (

) **''Hilsen til Frænderne'' (1848) ( B.S. Ingemann) **''Fragment af Oehlenschlägers 'Jesu Bjergprædiken ", Op. 49 (1848) **''En Sommerdag'' (''A Summer's Day'', 1854) (

) **''Dryadens Bryllup'', Op. 60 (1858) ( Fr. Paludan-Müller) **''Zigeunersang'' (1859) (

Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

, translated by H. C. Andersen) **''Hinsides Bjergene'' (1865) (

Andreas Munch Andreas Munch (19 October 1811 – 27 June 1884) was a Norwegian poet, novelist, playwright and newspaper editor. He was the first person to be granted a poet's pension by the Parliament of Norway. Personal life Munch was born in Christiania, as ...

) **''I Provence'', Op. 68 (1868–69) (Carl Andersen) **''Hilsen til Norge'' (1869) **''Foraarssang'', Op. 70 (''Spring Song'', 1870–71) ( H. C. Andersen) **''Foran Sydens Kloster'' (1871) ( Bjørnsterne Bjørnson) **''Davids 115de Psalme'' (1871) **''Vølvens Spaadom,'' Op. 71 (''The Prophecy of the Volva'', Poetic Edda) **''Sabbats Stilhed'', Op. 76 (1878–79) (

) **''Bruden'', Op. 77(4) (1880) (

Emil Aarestrup Carl Ludvig Emil Aarestrup (4 December 1800 in Copenhagen – 21 July 1856 in Odense) was a Danish physician and poet, who had just one single volume of poetry published throughout his lifetime, yet this gave him a lasting place in Danish litera ...

) **''Luther i Wartburg'', Op. 79 (1884) ( Johan Ludvig Heiberg) **''Tonernes Verden'', Op. 82 (1885) (

) **''Hellig Tre Kongers Kvad'' (1893) **Numerous other choral songs with instrumental accompaniment *Church cantatas and cantatas for special occasions **''Som livet svinder'' (1820) **New Year's Eve cantata (1824-1825) **Cantata for the Celebration of the Organ, Op. 5 (1825) (

) **Motet for the feast of the Jubilee (1826) **Motet for Christmas Feast (1827) **''Himmelske Lyd'' (1828) (

) **Easter Cantata (1828) **''Christian, som elsker de yndige Muser'' (1831) **Song for the Birthday of Prince Christian (1832) **''Paa Grændsen mellem Land og Stad'' (1834) **Song for the Birthday of Prince Christian (1835) **''Kantate til Efterslægtselskabet'', Op. 19 (1836) (

) **Cantata for the Birthday of Princess Amalia (1839) **Canta in the Memory of A.W. Hauch (1838) (

) **Funeral Cantata for His Majesty King Frederik VI, Op. 27 (1839–40) (

H.C. Andersen Hans Christian Andersen ( , ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales. Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of ...

) **Funeral Cantata for

(1839) (

) **Cantata for the Silver Wedding of King Christian VIII and Queen Caroline Amalia (1840) **Cantata for the Birthday of King Christian VIII (1841) **Cantata for the Birthday of Queen Caroline Amalia (1842) (

) **Cantata in the memory of C.E.F. Weyse, Op. 36 (1842) (

) **Cantata for the Jubilee of Professor Brorson (1843) (

) **Cantata in the memory of

Bertel Thorvaldsen Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen (; sometimes given as Thorwaldsen; 19 November 1770 – 24 March 1844) was a Danes, Danish-Icelanders, Icelandic Sculpture, sculptor and medallist, medalist of international fame, who spent most of his life (1797–183 ...

, Op. 41 (1844) (

) **Funeral Cantata for his Majesty King

Christian VIII Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814. Christian Frederick was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick, a younger son of King Fred ...

, Op. 47 (1848) ( Johan Ludvig Heiberg) **''Quando Corpus Morietur,'' Op. 15 (1850, for three Soloists, Chorus and Orchestra) **''Mindesang over de Faldne: Slumrer Sødt i Slesvigs Jord'', (1850, for Chorus and great Orchestra) **Cantata for the Wedding of Baron Bille-Brahe (1852) (

) **Cantata for the Inauguration of the new Building for the Studentersangforeningen, Op. 64 (1863) (

) **Funeral Cantata for His Majesty King Frederik VII, Op. 64 b (1863) ( H.P. Holst) **Cantata for the Inauguration of the new Building for Copenhagen University (1866) (

) **Cantata for the Wedding of Crown Prince Frederik and Princess Louisa (1869) ( H.P. Holst) **Cantata in the memory of

Orla Lehmann Peter Martin Orla Lehmann (15 May 1810 – 13 September 1870) was a Danish statesman, a key figure in the development of Denmark's parliamentary government. Early life and education He was born in Copenhagen, son of (1775–1856), assessor ...

(1870) (

Carl Ploug Carl Parmo Ploug (29 October 1813 – 27 October 1894) was a Denmark, Danish poet, editor and politician. Ploug was born in Kolding, Kolding, Denmark, to assistant professor and future head instructor Christian Frederik Ploug (1774–1837) and Pa ...

) **Cantata for the Inauguration of the new Royal Theatre (1874) (

) **Cantata for the Jubilee of Copenhagen University, Op. 75 (1878–79) (

) **Cantata for the Inauguration of the Henrik Smith School (1882) (Carl Andersen) **Cantata for the commemoration of

(1884) (

) **Cantata for the Jubilee of Borgerdydskolen (1887) (

) **Cantata for the Birthday of His Majesty King

Christian IX Christian IX (8 April 181829 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 15 November 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently List of dukes of Schleswig, Duke of Schleswig, List of dukes of Holstein, Holstein and Saxe-Laue ...

(1888) **Cantata for the Inauguration of the new Concert Palace (1889) **Cantata for the Gold Wedding of King

(1891-982) (

) **Cantata for the Consecration of the Bishop of Copenhagen Cathedral (1899) *Songs and Cantatas for ''a capella'' chorus *Songs and romances for voice and piano **''Sechs Gesänge'', for voice and piano, Op. 13 (1832) **''Fire Danske Sange'', for voice and piano (among which the popular ''Flyv Fugl, flyv over Furesøens Vove'', and ''Lille Cathrine'') (1838) **''Sechs Lieder,'' for voice and piano, Op. 35 **S''eks Sange af B.S. Ingemann'', for voice and piano, Op. 45 **''Sulamith og Salomon'', nine songs for alternated voices and piano, after B. S. Ingemann, Op. 52 (1847–48) **''Sechs Gesänge'', for voice and piano, Op. 55a (dedicated to Sophie Gade) **''Folmer Spillemands Viser af Hjortens Flugt'', cycle of melodies for voice and piano, Op. 56 **''Fem Sange'', for voice and piano, Op. 63 **''Sange og Viser'', songs for voice and piano, Op. 77 **''Solen i Siljedalen'', cycle of melodies for voice and piano **Hundreds of individual songs and romances

Chamber music

Sonata In music a sonata (; pl. ''sonate'') literally means a piece ''played'' as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian ''cantare'', "to sing"), a piece ''sung''. The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until th ...

for Violin and Piano No. 1 in G minor, Op. 8 (1826) *Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 2 in C, Op. 39 (1844) *Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 3 in G minor, Op. 83 (1886) *Suite for Violin and Piano in A minor, Op. 66 (1864) *Fantasi-Allegro for Violin and Piano in D Major (1889) *

for Flute and Piano in B-flat Major, Op. 1 (1825) *Andante and Variations for Piano Trio in C Major (1849) *String Quartet in G Major (1848, last movement only half finished) *String Quartet in A Major (1852, last movement only in sketches) *Piano Quartet in F Major, Op. 2

Piano

Piano Sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Liszt, Scriabin, Medtner, Berg), others with two movemen ...

No. 1 in D minor, Op. 34 (1841) *Piano Sonata No. 2 in G minor (1851) * Piano Sonata No. 3 in F (1853) * Piano Sonata No. 4 in A minor, Op. 80 (1876–83) *Piano Sonatina in G major, Op. 63a (1863) *Sonatina for piano four hands, Op. 4 (1826) *Two Rondos for piano, Op. 6 (1829) *Fantasy for piano, Op. 7 *Allegro di Bravura and Andante for piano, Op. 10 (1829) *Eight Caprices for piano, Op. 18 (1835, published in two collections dedicated respectively to

Heinrich Marschner Heinrich August Marschner (16 August 1795 – 14 December 1861) was a German composer best known for his operas. He is considered to be the most important composer of German opera between Weber and Wagner.Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic music, Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions inc ...

) *Two characteristic pieces for piano, Op. 25 (1839) *Introduction and Andantino religioso for piano, Op. 26 *Three genre pieces for piano, Op. 26 *Eight sketches for piano, Op. 31 (1840–41, dedicated to

Emma Hartmann Amalia Emma Sophie Hartmann née Zinn (22 August 1807 – 6 March 1851) was a Danish people, Danish composer who composed under the pseudonym Frederik H. Palmer. She was married to the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805–1900). They live ...

) *Six pieces in Song form for piano, Op. 37 (1842) *Three pieces for piano (''Ballo militare, Cantilena elegiaca, Allegro grazioso'') *Six character pieces for piano, Op. 50, with introductory poems by

*Three pieces for piano (''Svensk Hjemvee, Capriccio, Andantino - Hun sidder derinde og spiller klaver'') (1848–51) *Instructive studies for piano, Op. 53 (1851° *Fantasy pieces for piano, Op. 54, dedicated to

Clara Schumann Clara Josephine Schumann (; ; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic music, Romantic era, she exerted her influence o ...

) *Novelette in six small pieces for piano, Op. 55 (1852–55), with introductory poems by

*Four pieces for piano (''Gudfa'er fortæller, Vikingefruens drøm, Tys!, Juletrøst'') *Nine studies and novelettes for piano, Op. 65 *Pieces from older and more recent times for piano, Op. 74 (dedicated to

) * Numerous other shorter pieces

Organ

Fantasy Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction that involves supernatural or Magic (supernatural), magical elements, often including Fictional universe, imaginary places and Legendary creature, creatures. The genre's roots lie in oral traditions, ...

in A major (1826) *Fantasy in F minor, Op. 20 (published 1837) *

Funeral March A funeral march (' in French, ' in Italian, ' in German, ' in Polish), as a musical genre, is a march (music), march, usually in a minor key, in a slow Meter (music), "simple duple" metre, imitating the solemn pace of a funeral procession. Some suc ...

for

Thorvaldsen Thorvaldsen is a surname. People with the name include: * Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), Danish/Icelandic sculptor * Randi Thorvaldsen (1925–2011), Norwegian speedskater * Thor Thorvaldsen (1909–1987), Norwegian Olympic sailor * Unn Thorval ...

(1844) with

brass Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally copper and zinc. I ...

ensemble, published in a solo organ version (1879) by Hartmann *Funeral March for Oehlenschläger (1850), with brass ensemble *Organ Sonata in G minor, Op. 58 (1855) *Funeral March for (1860) *Opening Music for a University Anniversary (1879), with brass ensemble

References

Other sources

"Hartmann 3) Johann Peter Emilius"
in ''

Meyers Konversations-Lexikon or was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the . Joseph Meyer (publisher), Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing hous ...

'', Leipzig and Vienna: Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, 1885–92, 4th ed., vol. 8, pp. 185–86. (in German) *William Behrend, ''J.P.E. Hartmann: En Levnedskildring'', Gyldendal, 1918, 93 pages *Viggo Bitsch, ''J.P.E. Hartmann'', Olsens Boghandel, 1954 *Lothar Brix, ''Die Klaviermusik von Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann: Ein Beitrag zur musikalischen Romantik in Skandinavien'', Dissertation, Göttingen, 1971 *Dan Fog, ''Hartmann-Katalog: Fortegnelse over J.P.E. Hartmanns trykte Kompositioner'', København, Dan Fog Musikforlag, 1991, 189 pages *Angul Hammerich, ''J.P.E. Hartmann, Biografiske Essays'', G.E. Gads forlag, 1916, 184 pages *Richard Hove, ''J.P.E. Hartmann'', København, Dansk Musiktidskrift, 1934, 172 pages *Inger Soerensen, ''Hartmann, et Dansk komponistdynasti'', Gyldendal, 656 pages *Inger Soerensen, ''JPE Hartmann og Hans Kreds'', 4 volumes, Museum Tusculanum Forlag, 1999-2002, 2452 pages *Inger Soerensen, ''JPE Hartmann, Thematic-Bibliographic Catalogue of his Works'', 2 volumes, Dansk Center for Musikudgivelse, 1019 pages

External links

*
Valkyrien; ballet
by J.P.E. Hartmann, 1861 publication, Danish, digitized by BYU on archive.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Hartmann, Johann Peter Emilius 1805 births 1900 deaths 19th-century Danish classical composers Danish Romantic composers Danish opera composers Ballet composers Danish classical organists Danish male classical organists String quartet composers Academic staff of the Royal Danish Academy of Music Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Music Composers from Copenhagen Danish people of German descent Danish male opera composers 19th-century Danish male musicians Hartmann family 19th-century Danish organists Composers for piano