Isabela Island () is the largest island of the
Galápagos with an area of and length of , almost four times larger than Santa Cruz, the second largest of the archipelago. Isabela Island is larger than every other island in the Galápagos combined. It was named after Queen
Isabella I of Castile. The island straddles the
equator. This island was originally named Albemarle Island for the Duke of Albemarle by Ambrose Cowley, one of the first Europeans to set foot on the islands, in 1684.
Geology
One of the youngest islands, Isabela is located on the western edge of the
archipelago near the
Galápagos hotspot. At approximately 1 million years old, the
seahorse-shaped island was formed by the merger of six
shield volcanoes;
Alcedo
''Alcedo'' is a genus of birds in the kingfisher subfamily Alcedininae. The genus was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. The type species is the common kingfisher (''Alcedo ispida'', now ''Alced ...
,
Cerro Azul, Darwin,
Ecuador,
Sierra Negra
Sierra Negra (also, and perhaps more properly, Cerro La Negra) is an extinct volcano located in the Mexican state of Puebla, close to the border with Veracruz. At officially above sea level, it is the fifth-highest peak in Mexico. Sierra Neg ...
, and
Wolf. All of these volcanoes except Ecuador are still active, making it one of the most volcanically active places on earth. Two of the volcanoes,
Volcan Ecuador and
Volcan Wolf (the island's highest point with an elevation of ), lie directly on the equator. The island is primarily noted for its geology, providing excellent examples of a geologic occurrence that created the
Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands ( Spanish: , , ) are an archipelago of volcanic islands. They are distributed on each side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean, surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, and are part of the Republic of Ecuador ...
including uplifts at Urbina Bay and the Bolivar Channel,
tuff cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and s ...
s a
Tagus Cove and Pulmace on Alcedo and
Sierra Negra
Sierra Negra (also, and perhaps more properly, Cerro La Negra) is an extinct volcano located in the Mexican state of Puebla, close to the border with Veracruz. At officially above sea level, it is the fifth-highest peak in Mexico. Sierra Neg ...
, one of the most active volcanoes in the world.
Wildlife
Isabela is also interesting for its
flora
Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ( indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' gut flora'' or ''skin flora''.
...
and
fauna. The young island does not follow the vegetation zones of the other islands. The relatively new lava fields and surrounding soils have not developed the sufficient nutrients required to support the varied life zones found on other islands. Another obvious difference occurs on
Volcan Wolf and
Cerro Azul; these volcanoes loft above the cloud cover and are arid on top.
Isabela's rich
bird,
animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in ...
and marine life is beyond compare. Isabela is home to more wild tortoises than all the other islands. Isabela's large size and notable topography created barriers for the slow-moving tortoises; apparently the creatures were unable to cross lava flows and other obstacles, causing several different sub-species of tortoise to develop. Today, tortoises roam free in the calderas of
Alcedo
''Alcedo'' is a genus of birds in the kingfisher subfamily Alcedininae. The genus was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. The type species is the common kingfisher (''Alcedo ispida'', now ''Alced ...
,
Wolf,
Cerro Azul, Darwin,
and
Sierra Negra
Sierra Negra (also, and perhaps more properly, Cerro La Negra) is an extinct volcano located in the Mexican state of Puebla, close to the border with Veracruz. At officially above sea level, it is the fifth-highest peak in Mexico. Sierra Neg ...
.
Introduced
goats multiplied to over 100,000, but were eradicated by the
Galápagos National Park
Galápagos National Park ( es, Parque Nacional Galápagos) was established in 1959. It began operation in 1968, and it is Ecuador's first national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Park history
The government of Ecuador has designated ...
Service and the
Charles Darwin Foundation
The Charles Darwin Foundation ( Spanish: ''Fundación Charles Darwin'') was founded in 1959, under the auspices of UNESCO and the World Conservation Union. The Charles Darwin Research Station serves as headquarters for The Foundation, and is us ...
in 2006-2007. Since then, the vegetation has recovered greatly.
Other noted species include
penguin
Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes , family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain t ...
s,
cormorant
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the IOC adopted a consensus taxonomy of seven gen ...
s,
marine iguana
The marine iguana (''Amblyrhynchus cristatus''), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine rept ...
s,
boobies
A booby is a seabird in the genus ''Sula'', part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (''Morus''), which were formerly included in ''Sula''.
Systematics and evolution
The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the Frenc ...
,
pelicans,
''Sally Lightfoot'' crabs,
Galápagos land iguana
The Galápagos land iguana (''Conolophus subcristatus'') is a very large species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. It is one of three species of the genus ''Conolophus''. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, in the dry lowlands of the island ...
s,
Darwin's finches,
Galápagos hawks,
Galápagos dove
The Galápagos dove (''Zenaida galapagoensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Galápagos, off Ecuador. It is fairly common and is found in a wide range of open and semi-open habitats, especially in the arid ...
s, and very interesting lowland vegetation. The west coast of Isabela in the Bolivar Channel is the best place in Galápagos for viewing whales and dolphin.
History
Human occupation
The settlements of
Puerto Villamil and Santo Tomás were founded in 1893. By 1905, the population of the island was 200. Exports at the time were sulfur mined from
fumaroles and lime made from
coral. Tortoises were used for meat and oil.
The third-largest
human settlement of the archipelago, Puerto Villamil, is located at the south-eastern tip of the island.
Other points of interest
Other popular attractions include
El Muro de las Lágrimas, a wall built by prisoners when the
island was a penal colony, and the
Flamingo Lagoon, named for the
flamingos found there. Both are in the south of the island.
See also
*
Ecuador
*
List of volcanoes in Ecuador
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
*
South America, the nearest continent
*
Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands are an isolated set of volcanoes, consisting of shield volcanoes and lava plateaus, located west of Ecuador. They are driven by the Galápagos hotspot, and are between 4.2 million and 700,000 years of age. The largest islan ...
References
External links
*
Galapagos Conservancy
{{DEFAULTSORT:Isabela Island (Galapagos)
Islands of the Galápagos Islands
Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands
Hotspot volcanoes
Active volcanoes