The Ironbridge Gorge is a deep
gorge, containing the
River Severn
, name_etymology =
, image = SevernFromCastleCB.JPG
, image_size = 288
, image_caption = The river seen from Shrewsbury Castle
, map = RiverSevernMap.jpg
, map_size = 288
, map_c ...
in
Shropshire
Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to ...
, England. It was first formed by a glacial overflow from the long drained away
Lake Lapworth, at the end of the
last ice age. The deep exposure of the rocks cut through by the gorge exposed commercial deposits of
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when ...
,
iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the ...
,
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms w ...
and
fireclay, which enabled the rapid economic development of the area during the early
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
.
Originally called the Severn Gorge, the gorge now takes its name from its famous
Iron Bridge, the first
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in ...
bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually someth ...
of its kind in the world, and a monument to the industry that began there. The bridge was built in 1779 to link the industrial town of
Broseley with the smaller mining town of
Madeley and the growing industrial centre of
Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale is a village in the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, England, containing a settlement of great significance in the history of iron ore smelting. It lies within the civil parish called the Gorge.
This is where iron ore was first ...
.
There are two reasons the site was so useful to the early industrialists. The raw materials,
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when ...
,
iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the ...
,
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms w ...
and
clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4).
Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay pa ...
, for the manufacture of
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in ...
,
tiles and
porcelain
Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises main ...
are exposed or easily
mined in the gorge. The deep and wide river allowed easy transport of products to the sea.
Formation
The gorge carries the
River Severn
, name_etymology =
, image = SevernFromCastleCB.JPG
, image_size = 288
, image_caption = The river seen from Shrewsbury Castle
, map = RiverSevernMap.jpg
, map_size = 288
, map_c ...
south towards the
Bristol Channel. It was formed during the last
ice age
An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and gre ...
when the water from the previously north-flowing river became trapped in a lake (
Lake Lapworth) created when the
Irish Sea
The Irish Sea or , gv, Y Keayn Yernagh, sco, Erse Sie, gd, Muir Èireann , Ulster-Scots: ''Airish Sea'', cy, Môr Iwerddon . is an extensive body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is linked to the C ...
ice sheet dammed the river. The lake level rose until the water flowed through the hills to the south. This flow eroded a path through the hills, forming the gorge and permanently diverting the Severn southwards.
The Gorge parish
The Gorge is a
civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...
within the
borough
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
In the Middle Ag ...
of
Telford and Wrekin and the
ceremonial county of
Shropshire
Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to ...
. It covers the part of Ironbridge Gorge that falls within the
Telford and Wrekin Council
Telford and Wrekin Council is the local authority of Telford and Wrekin in Shropshire, England. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. The district of Telford and Wrekin was grant ...
Unitary Authority area and includes the settlements of
Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale is a village in the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, England, containing a settlement of great significance in the history of iron ore smelting. It lies within the civil parish called the Gorge.
This is where iron ore was first ...
,
Coalport,
Ironbridge,
Jackfield and
Lightmoor, but not
Buildwas or
Broseley which are in the
Shropshire Council Unitary Authority area. It is divided into three
parish wards: Coalport & Jackfield (2 councillors), Ironbridge Gorge (3 councillors) and Lightmoor (3 councillors). The Gorge
Parish Council has its offices and holds its meetings at the Maws Craft Centre in Jackfield.
The population of this civil parish at the 2011 census was 3,275.
Women in the Ironbridge Gorge ward had the third lowest life expectancy at birth, 74 years, of any ward in England and Wales in 2016.
Conservation in the Gorge
Green Wood Centre has spent over twenty years training new
coppice and woodland workers, with the aim of reviving the coppicing industry.
Severn Gorge Countryside Trust manages most of the woodland, grassland and other countryside within the Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site, around in all.
BTCV's Green Gym works with the trust to assist them on woodland work.
Severn Gorge Countryside Trust and The Green Wood Centre run a joint volunteer project enabling local people to engage locally in activities such as coppicing, scrub removal, deer fencing, step building and woodland management.
Gallery
File:Downstream from the ironbridge - geograph.org.uk - 267024.jpg, Downstream from the ironbridge
File:Redressing the bridge - geograph.org.uk - 599687.jpg, Redressing the bridge in 2007
File:The Iron Bridge (Aerial).JPG, Aerial view
File:Passageway beneath The Iron Bridge.jpg, Passageway beneath the Iron Bridge - October 2021
See also
*
Ironbridge Gorge Museums
*
Geology of Shropshire
: ''This article describes the geology of the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England which includes the modern administrative county together with the district of Telford and Wrekin.''
The geology of Shropshire is very diverse with a la ...
*
Severn Valley
*
Ironbridge Power Station
The Ironbridge power stations (also known as the Buildwas power stations) refers to a series of two power stations that occupied a site on the banks of the River Severn at Buildwas in Shropshire, England. The Ironbridge B Power Station was oper ...
*
Listed buildings in The Gorge
The Gorge, Shropshire, The Gorge is a civil parish in the district of Telford and Wrekin, Shropshire, England. It contains 215 Listed building#England and Wales, listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of t ...
References
External links
Ironbridge Gorge MuseumsWorld Heritage Site informationfrom
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international coope ...
Ironbridge International Institute for Cultural Heritage
{{World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Canyons and gorges of England
Landforms of Shropshire
Telford and Wrekin
Geology of Shropshire
Industrial Revolution in England
Tourist attractions in Shropshire
World Heritage Sites in England