In
Greek mythology
A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities o ...
, Iolaus (;
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic pe ...
: Ἰόλαος ''Iólaos'') was a
Theban divine hero. He was famed for being
Heracles
Heracles ( ; grc-gre, Ἡρακλῆς, , glory/fame of Hera), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptiv ...
' nephew and for helping with some of his
Labors, and also for being one of the
Argonauts.
Family
Iolaus was the son of
Iphicles In Greek mythology, Iphicles ( or ; grc, Ἰφικλῆς ''Iphikles''), also called Iphiclus, was the maternal half-brother of Heracles and one of the Calydonian boar hunters.
Family
Iphicles was the son of Alcmene and her human husband ...
and
Automedusa, daughter of King
Alcathous of
Megara. He married Megara, and through her became the father of a
Leipephilene. Through this daughter, Iolaus was considered to have fathered the mythic and historic line of the kings of
Corinth
Corinth ( ; el, Κόρινθος, Kórinthos, ) is the successor to an ancient city, and is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part ...
, ending with
Telestes.
Mythology
Relationship with Heracles
Iolaus often acted as Heracles' charioteer and companion.
Plutarch, describing the
Theban Sacred Band in his life of
Pelopidas
Pelopidas (; grc-gre, Πελοπίδας; died 364 BC) was an important Theban statesman and general in Greece, instrumental in establishing the mid-fourth century Theban hegemony.
Biography
Athlete and warrior
Pelopidas was a member of a ...
, said "It is a tradition likewise that Iolaus, who assisted Hercules in his labours and fought at his side, was beloved of him; and Aristotle observes that, even in his time, lovers plighted their faith at Iolaus's tomb."
Adventures
Iolaus provided essential help to Heracles in his battle against the
Hydra, his second
labor. Seeing that Heracles was being overwhelmed by the multi-headed monster (the Lernaean Hydra), who grew two heads in place of each one cut off, Iolaus helped by
cauterizing
Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it. It destroys some tissue in an attempt to mitigate bleeding and damage, remove an undesired growth, or ...
each neck as Heracles beheaded it.
Heracles gave his wife,
Megara, age thirty three, to Iolaus, then only sixteen years old – ostensibly because the sight of her reminded him of his murder of their three children. They had a daughter,
Leipephilene. He was one of the
Heraclidae.
In Sophocles' ''Philoctetes'',
Philoctetes was given Heracles' bow and arrow as reward for lighting the funeral pyre.
According to
Diodorus Siculus, Iolaus was sent by
Heracles
Heracles ( ; grc-gre, Ἡρακλῆς, , glory/fame of Hera), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptiv ...
to
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, aft ...
, together with nine of the sons that he had with the fifty daughters of
Thespius (the
Thespiades In Greek mythology, Thespius (; Ancient Greek: Θέσπιος ''Théspios'') or Thestius (; Ancient Greek: Θέστιος)Pausanias, 9.27.7 was a legendary founder and king of Thespiae, Boeotia. His life account is considered part of Greek mytholo ...
), to colonize the island, giving rise to the
Iolei people.
Iolaus and the Thespians were buried in Sardinia.
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ...
said that Sardinia had practiced the rite of
incubation, which is the liberation ritual of the people who were affected by
nightmares and obsessions. These rituals included that the persons suffering from nightmares should sleep next to the tombs of heroes.
Simplicius of Cilicia adds, in the eight books of the Commentaries
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ...
, that "the places where they were deposited and preserved corpses of the nine heroes that Heracles got from the Thespians and who came to Sardinia with the colony of Iolaus, became the famous oracles."
Solinus Solinus may refer to:
* Gaius Julius Solinus, a 3rd century Latin author
* Solinus (horse), a British racehorse (1975–1979)
* Solinus, Duke of Ephesus, a character in William Shakespeare's play ''The Comedy of Errors''
See also
* Salinas (disam ...
says: "The
Iolians, so named by him (Iolaus), added a temple to his tomb, because he had freed Sardinia from many ills".
Legacy
The Theban
gymnasium was named after Iolaus and the ''Iolaia'' or ''Iolaea'' ( el, Ιολάεια), an athletic festival consisting of gymnastic and equestrian events, was held yearly in Thebes in his honor. The victors at the ''Iolaea'' were crowned with garlands of
myrtle.
A genus of
Lycaenid
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly ...
butterfly has been
named after him.
An
exoplanet around star HAT-P-42 (now named
Lerna) is named after him as part of the
IAU's
NameExoWorlds project.
See also
*
Hylas
*
Norax
*
Sardus
Notes
External links
{{Commons category-inline
Argonauts
Male lovers of Heracles
Theban characters in Greek mythology
Characters in Greek mythology
Theban mythology
Mythology of Heracles