Operation
Injection molding machine molds can be fastened in either a horizontal or vertical position. Most machines are horizontally oriented, but vertical machines are used in some niche applications such as insert molding, allowing the machine to take advantage of gravity. Some vertical machines also do not require the mold to be fastened. There are many ways to fasten the tools to the platens, the most common are manual clamps (both halves are bolted to the platens); however, hydraulic clamps (chocks are used to hold the tool in place) and magnetic clamps are also used. The magnetic and hydraulic clamps are used where fast tool changes are required. The person designing the mold chooses whether the mold uses a cold runner system or a hot runner system to carry the plastic and fillers from the injection unit to the cavities. A cold runner is a simple channel carved into the mold. The plastic that fills the cold runner cools as the part cools and is then ejected with the part as a sprue. ATypes of injection molding machines
Machines are classified primarily by the type of driving systems they use: hydraulic, mechanical, electrical, or hybridHydraulic
Hydraulic machines have historically been the only option available to molders untilMechanical
Mechanical type machines use the toggle system for building up tonnage on the clamps of the machine. Tonnage is required on all machines so that the clamps of the machine do not open due to the injection pressure. If the mold partially opens up, it will create flashing in the plastic product.Electric
The electric press, also known asMain components of injection molding machine
Injection unit
Consists of three main components: # Screw motor drive # Reciprocating screw and barrel # Heaters, Thermocouple, Ring plungerClamping unit
Consists of three main components: # Mold # Clamping motor drive # Tie bars, the sender is clamped onto the edge of a workbenchReferences
Further reading
*Bryce, Douglas M. ''Plastic Injection Molding: Manufacturing Process Fundamentals''. SME, 1996. *Brydson, J, ''Plastics Materials'', Butterworths 9th Ed (1999). *Callister, William D, ''Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction'', John Wiley and Sons *Lewis, Peter Rhys, Reynolds, K, Gagg, C, ''Forensic Materials Engineering: Case studies'', CRC Press (2004). * Osswald, Tim, Lih-Sheng Turng, Paul J.Gramann. ''Injection Molding Handbook 2nd Ed''. Hanser Verlag, 2007 * Osswald, E. Schmachtenberg and E. Baur, ”International Plastics Handbook”, Hanser Verlag, (2006). *Rosato, Donald V; Marlene G. Rosato. ''Concise Encyclopedia of Plastics''. Springer, 2000. *Rosato, Dominick; Rosato Marlene, and Rosato Donald ''Injection Molding Handbook 3rd Ed''. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. *Todd, Robert H; Dell K. Allen and Leo Alting ''Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide''. Industrial Press Inc., 1994. pgs. 240–245 *Whelan, Tony. ''Polymer Technology Dictionary'' Springer, 1994. {{DEFAULTSORT:Injection Molding Machine Molding processes Packaging machinery