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Indore State, also known as Holkar State, was a kingdom in
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. Its rulers belonged to the Holkar dynasty. After 1857,
Indore Indore () is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to ...
became a 19-
gun salute A gun salute or cannon salute is the use of a piece of artillery to fire shots, often 21 in number (''21-gun salute''), with the aim of marking an honor or celebrating a joyful event. It is a tradition in many countries around the world. Histo ...
Maratha The Marathi people ( Marathi: मराठी लोक) or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as ...
princely state (a rare high rank) under the
British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was him ...
. Indore state was located in the present-day Indian state of
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...
. The capital of the state was the city of
Indore Indore () is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to ...
. The state had an area of 24,605 km2 and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore were Rampura,
Khargone Khargone is a city and administrative headquarters of an Khargone district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the bank of the Kunda river and is known for its cotton and chilly (chili pepper) production. It is also ...
, Maheshwar,
Mehidpur Mahidpur City is a city and a municipality, near Ujjain city in Ujjain district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The modern town of Mahidpur is situated on the bank of river Shipra. It is located in the Malwa region. At present, the to ...
,
Barwaha Barwaha is a municipality and tehsil in Khargone district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Barwaha is second biggest city of District after Khargone city.The Barwaha city is divided into 18 wards for which elections are held every 5 yea ...
, and
Bhanpura Bhanpura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mandsaur district, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Bhanpura was discovered by King Bhanu bhil. It was also ruled by the Chandrawats of Mewar during the times of Rana Sanga's rule. The ...
; there were a total of 3,368 villages.


History

By 1720, the headquarters of the local ''pargana'' (an Indian local administrative unit) was transferred from Kampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the ''Nizam'' accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I to collect ''chauth'' (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the ''
Peshwa The Peshwa (Pronunciation: e(ː)ʃʋaː was the appointed (later becoming hereditary) prime minister of the Maratha Empire of the Indian subcontinent. Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king); later ...
'' assumed full control of Malwa and appointed his commander Malhar Rao Holkar as the ''Subhedar'' (Governor) of the province. On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by merging 28 and a half ''parganas'' to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founding ruler of the Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre. After the defeat of the Holkar rulers in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, an agreement was signed on 6 January 1818 with the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
and the Indore State became a British protectorate. The Holkar dynasty was able to continue to rule Indore as a princely state mainly owing to the efforts of ''Dewan'' (chief minister) Tatya Jog. The capital was moved from Maheshwar to Indore on 3 November 1818 and the
Indore Residency Indore was one of the residencies of British India. Indore Residency included most of Indore State, and, after 1933, Rewa State, which formerly belonged to Bagelkhand Agency. It was part of Central India Agency The Central India Agency was ...
, a political residency with a British resident, was established in the city. Later, Indore would be established as the headquarters of the British
Central India Agency The Central India Agency was created in 1854, by amalgamating the Western Malwa Agency with other smaller political offices which formerly reported to the Governor-General of India. The agency was overseen by a political agent who maintained ...
. In 1906, electrical infrastructure was installed in the city while a fire brigade was established in 1909. By 1918, the first master plan of the city was drawn by architect and town planner
Patrick Geddes Sir Patrick Geddes (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a British biologist, sociologist, Comtean positivist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. He is known for his innovative thinking in the fields of urban planning ...
. During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86), efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. During the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III, and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar, business flourished thanks to the railways that had been introduced in the state in 1875. In 1926, Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII abdicated after being implicated in a murder case involving a court dancer and her lover. After the independence of India in 1947, Indore State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to India.
Yashwant Rao Holkar II Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar XIV Bahadur (6 September 1908 – 5 December 1961) was the Maharaja of Indore (Holkar State, now in present-day Madhya Pradesh) belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas. ...
, the last ruler of the state, signed the instrument of accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1950. The territories of the state became part of the new Indian state of
Madhya Bharat Madhya Bharat, also known as Malwa Union, was an Indian state in west-central India, created on 28 May 1948 from twenty-five princely states which until 1947 had been part of the Central India Agency, with Jiwajirao Scindia as its Rajpramukh. ...
.


Rulers

The kings of Indore held the title of '
Maharaja Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or " high king". A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire, a ...
' Holkar. The rulers of the state were entitled to a 19
gun salute A gun salute or cannon salute is the use of a piece of artillery to fire shots, often 21 in number (''21-gun salute''), with the aim of marking an honor or celebrating a joyful event. It is a tradition in many countries around the world. Histo ...
by the British authorities. The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars, Sardars, Istamuradars, Mankaris and
Zamindar A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as ...
s.


Maharajas


Diwans of Indore

*c. 1808 – 1811: Bala Ram Seth *1811 – December 1817: Ganpal Rao *1818 – April 1826: Tantia Jog (Tatya Jog) (died 1826) *April 1826 – 1827?: Raoji Trimbak *1827: Daji Bakhshi *1827? – 1829: Appa Rao Krishna *1829 – 1834?: Madhav Rao Phadnis *April 1834 – November 1836: Sardar Revaji Rao Phanse *1836 – 1839?: Abbaji Ballal (or Bhawani Bin) *1839? – 1840?: Bhao Rao Phanse (1st time) *1840? – October 1841: Narayan Rao Palshikar *1841 – 1842?: the ruler *1842? – 1848: Bhao Rao Phanse (2nd time) *1848 – 1849?: Ram Rao Palshikar *1852 – 1872: Bhawani Singh Dube *1872 – 1875: Sir T. Madhava Rao (1828–1891) *1875 – 1881:
R. Raghunatha Rao Diwan Bahadur Rai Raghunatha Rao (7 February 1831 – 3 May 1912) was an Indian civil servant, administrator, politician and Indian independence activist who served as the Diwan of Indore from 1875 to 1880 and 1886 to 1888. He was related ...
(1st time) (1831–1912) *1881? – 1884?: Shahamat Ali *1884 – 1886: Nana Moroji Trilokekar *1886 – 1888:
R. Raghunatha Rao Diwan Bahadur Rai Raghunatha Rao (7 February 1831 – 3 May 1912) was an Indian civil servant, administrator, politician and Indian independence activist who served as the Diwan of Indore from 1875 to 1880 and 1886 to 1888. He was related ...
(2nd time) (s.a.) *c. 1890s: Balkrishna Atmaram Gupte *1890–1913: Sir Shri Rai Bhadhur Nanak Chand Ji Airen (as First Prime Minister Of State) *4 April 1913 – October 1914: Narayan Ganesh Chandravarkar *1914 – 1916: .... *1916 – 1921: Ram Prasad Dube (1st time. Nephew of Bhawani Singh Dube.) *November 1921 – 1923?: Chettur Sankaran Nair (1857–1934) *1923 – 1926: Ram Prasad Dube (2nd time)


Prime ministers

*1890–1913: Sir Shri Rai Bhadhur Nanak Chand Ji Airen *February 1926 – 1939: Siremal Bapna (s.a.) *1939 – 1942?: Sardar Dina Nath *1942 – 1947: Raja Gyannath Madan *1947: R.G. Horton * 1 September 1947 – 3 January 1948: E.P. Menon *January 1948: N.C. Mehta *26 January 1948 – March 1948: M.V. Bhide


British Residents

British Residents of the
Indore Residency Indore was one of the residencies of British India. Indore Residency included most of Indore State, and, after 1933, Rewa State, which formerly belonged to Bagelkhand Agency. It was part of Central India Agency The Central India Agency was ...
.Princely States of India
/ref> *1840–1844: Sir Claude Martin Wade (1794–1861) *1845–1859: Robert North Collie Hamilton (1802–1887) *1859–1861: Sir Richmond Campbell Shakespear (1812–1861) *1861–1869: Richard John Meade (1821–1899) *1869–1881: Henry D. Daly *1881–1888: Henry Lepel-Griffin (1838–1908) *1888–1890: P.F. Henvey *1890–1894: R.J. Crosthwaite *1894–1899: David W.K. Barr *1899–1902: Robert Henry Jennings *1902–1903: Francis Younghusband (1863–1942) *1903–1907: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (1st time) (1866–1933) *1907–1909: James Levett Kaye (1861–1917) *1909–1910: Charles Beckford Luard *1910–1916: Charles Lennox Russell *1916–1919: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (2nd time) (s.a.) *1919?–1921: Francis Granville Beville *1921–1924: Denys Brooke Blakeway (1870–1933) *1924–1929: Sir Reginald Glancy *March 1927 – October 1927: Edward Herbert Kealy (acting for Glancy) *1929–1930: H.R.N. Pritchard *1930–1931: Frederick Bailey *1931–1932: G.M. Ogilvie *1933 – 21 March 1935: Rawdon James MacNabb (1883–1935) *1935–1940: Kenneth Samuel Fitze (1887–1960) *1940–1942: Gerald Thomas Fisher *1942–1946: Walter F. Campbell *1946–1947: Henry Mortimer Poulton (b. 1898 – d. 1973)


British Agents

Agents to the Governor-General for the
Central India Agency The Central India Agency was created in 1854, by amalgamating the Western Malwa Agency with other smaller political offices which formerly reported to the Governor-General of India. The agency was overseen by a political agent who maintained ...
. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore. *1845–1854: Robert North Collie Hamilton (s.a.) *1854–1899: the British Residents in Indore *1899–1900: David W.K. Barr *Mar 1900–1905: Charles S. Bayley *1905–1910: Hugh Daly *1910–1912: Michael Francis O'Dwyer (1864–1910) *1912–1913: John B. Wood *1913–1916: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (s.a.) *1916–1944: the British Residents in Indore *1944–1946: Walter Campbell *1946–1947: Henry Mortimer Poulton (1898–1973)


See also

*
List of Maratha dynasties and states This is a list of Maratha dynasties and Maratha princely states. Historical Maratha dynasties with original clans spread globally † - States annexed by the British East India Company Maratha Princely States The Marathas ruled much of ...
*
List of princely states of British India (by region) Before the Partition of India in 1947, about 584 princely states, also called "native states", existed in India, which were not fully and formally part of British India, the parts of the Indian subcontinent which had not been conquered or an ...
*
Maratha The Marathi people ( Marathi: मराठी लोक) or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as ...
*
Political integration of India After the Indian independence in 1947, the dominion of India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remainin ...
* Maheshwar * Rajwada


References


External links


Santa Ana's Richest Resident, The Maharajah of IndoreRoyal Family of Indore
{{Authority control 1732 establishments in India 1818 establishments in India 1950 disestablishments in India Former monarchies of Asia History of Indore Princely states of Madhya Pradesh Holkar