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Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. As of December 2022, India has a total length of of expressways. These are
controlled-access highway A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway. Other similar terms i ...
s where entrance and exits are controlled by the use of ramps or interchange or trumphet that are incorporated into the design of the expressway and designed for minimum speed of 120 km/hr, whereas
National highways National Highways, formerly the Highways Agency and later Highways England, is a government-owned company charged with operating, maintaining and improving motorways and major A roads in England. It also sets highways standards used by all f ...
are flyover access or
controlled-access highway A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway. Other similar terms i ...
, where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover,at each intersection of highway with road, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/hr. Some roads are not access-controlled expressways, but are still officially called expressways, such as the Biju Expressway, these
state highways A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either ''numbered'' or ''maintained'' by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a ...
(officially expressways) do not meet expressway standards.
Mumbai–Pune Expressway The Mumbai–Pune Expressway (officially Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway) is India's first 6- lane wide concrete, access-controlled tolled expressway. It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra state and th ...
is the first 6-lane operational expressway in India started in 2002. Expressways follow standards set by
Indian Roads Congress Indian Roads Congress is the premier technical body of highway engineers which was formed in 1934 as India's national body for laying down and designing standards for roads and highway construction and provides a stage for exchanging expertise and ...
and
Bureau of Indian Standards The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standards Body of India under Department of Consumer affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of India. It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standa ...
. Currently, the longest expressway in India is the Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway(Phase-I ) at and the widest expressway is the Delhi - Dasna (UP border) section of the
Delhi–Meerut Expressway Delhi–Meerut Expressway or National Expressway 3 is India's widest 96 km long controlled-access expressway, connecting Delhi with Meerut via Dasna in Ghaziabad in India. The 8 lanes old stretch of National Highway 9 (NH-9) up to Dasna ...
with 14 lanes.


Development

Greenfield Expressways in India are designed as 12-
lane In road transport, a lane is part of a roadway that is designated to be used by a single line of vehicles to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts. Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each ...
wide Expressways with the initial construction of 8 lanes with minimum speed set as 120 km/hr for all type of vehicles. Land for 4-lane future expansion is reserved in the center of the expressways. Greenfield Expressways are designed to avoid inhabited areas and go through new alignments to bring development to new areas and to reduce land acquisition costs and construction timelines. The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway is an example of a new 12-lane approach with initial 8-lane construction. Brownfield National Highway Project is the widening/development of existing National Highways. The Upgradation of highway is a Brownfield expressway Project which has high traffic demand and is a part of urban setup. The Upgradation is carried from 4 Lane to 6 Lane on EPC mode. 43,000 km
state highways A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either ''numbered'' or ''maintained'' by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a ...
have been converted to National Highways in last 8 years. The majority of the investment required for constructing expressways comes from the
central government A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state. Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels of government, authorized or del ...
.
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 195 ...
and
Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdi ...
are the only states which are investing in building expressways through dedicated expressway corporations. The National Expressways Authority of India operating under the
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is a ministry of the Government of India, that is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, transport research and in als ...
will be in-charge of the construction and maintenance of expressways. The
National Highways Development Project The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) is a project to upgrade, rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard. The project was started in 1998 under the leadership of Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Natio ...
by the government of India aims to expand the country's current expressway network and plans to add an additional 18,637 km of
greenfield Greenfield or Greenfields may refer to: Engineering and Business * Greenfield agreement, an employment agreement for a new organisation * Greenfield investment, the investment in a structure in an area where no previous facilities exist * Greenf ...
expressways by 2025 apart from building 4 lane greenfield
national highways National Highways, formerly the Highways Agency and later Highways England, is a government-owned company charged with operating, maintaining and improving motorways and major A roads in England. It also sets highways standards used by all f ...
of 50,000 km length. Currently NHDP Phase-6 and NHDP Phase-7 construction is going on along with Bharatmala project.
Bharatmala The Bharatmala Pariyojna ( 'India garland project') is an ecosystem of road development which includes development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest, jam f ...
is an ecosystem of road development which includes tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors,flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the Government of India with a target of constructing 83,677 km of new highways over the next five years, was started in 2017 as well as conversion of 4 lane highways into 6 lane Brownfield expressways & some state highways into NH/NE. Phase I of the Bharatmala project involves the construction of 34,800 km of highways (including the remaining projects under NHDP) at an estimated cost of 5.35
lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105). In the Indian 2,2,3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For e ...
crore A crore (; abbreviated cr) denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 107 in scientific notation) and is equal to 100 lakh in the Indian numbering system. It is written as 1,00,00,000 with the local 2,2,3 style of digit group separators (one lakh is eq ...
by 2021–22.


Characteristics

, 24 expressways with a combined length of are operational in India. In 2017, the country had only approximately 934 km of expressways. All the expressways are 6 or more lane wide controlled-access highways, where entrance and exit are controlled by the use of
slip road In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways, usin ...
s.India has the second largest road network in the world with 6.3 million kms.


Expressways By State

List of operational expressways by state, as of December 2022:


Total Operational Expressways By Type


National Expressways

As of April 2021, eight expressways have been declared as National Expressway (NE) by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.


State Expressways

State Expressways are funded by State/Central Government to connect areas within the state. These expressways reduce travel time, allowing for more more efficient travel and fuel savings . This also allows for a more equal distribution of goods, especially to
rural areas In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
.These expressways are not part of National Expressways but may be operated by state authority or national authority. Note: ''AC = Access-Controlled Expressway.'' ''GS =
Grade Separated In civil engineering (more specifically highway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other tra ...
Expressway.''


Bypass Expressways

Expressways within a city to bypass city traffic such as ring roads, bypass, freeways and elevated roads exist entirely within a city or metropolitan area. These expressways direct heavy traffic to the outskirts freeing city roads of traffic. This also allows outside traffic to directly pass the city instead of going through it further limiting traffic within a city. Note: ''AC = Access-Controlled Expressway.'' ''GS =
Grade Separated In civil engineering (more specifically highway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other tra ...
Expressway.''


Expressways under-construction

* Ready to inaugurate Total length listed in this table is .


Proposed expressways


Proposed expressways under Bharatmala


See also

; Ring Roads in India *
Ring roads in India Ring may refer to: * Ring (jewellery), a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry * To make a sound with a bell, and the sound made by a bell :(hence) to initiate a telephone connection Arts, entertainment and media Film and ...
; Similar rail development *
Future of rail transport in India The Indian Government is undertaking several initiatives to upgrade its aging railway infrastructure and enhance its quality of service. The Railway Ministry has announced plans to invest to upgrade the railways by 2030. Upgrades include 100% e ...
, rail development * List of high-speed railway lines in India ; Similar roads development *
Bharatmala The Bharatmala Pariyojna ( 'India garland project') is an ecosystem of road development which includes development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest, jam f ...
** Diamond Quadrilateral, Subsumed in Bharatmala **
Golden Quadrilateral The Golden Quadrilateral ( hi, स्वर्णिम चतुर्भुज, Svarnim Chaturbhuj; abbreviated GQ) is a national highway network connecting several major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a ...
, completed national road development connectivity older scheme **
National Highways Development Project The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) is a project to upgrade, rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard. The project was started in 1998 under the leadership of Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Natio ...
, Subsumed in Bharatmala ** North-South and East-West Corridor, Subsumed in Bharatmala *
India-China Border Roads India-China Border Roads (ICBRs, ICB Roads) is a Government of India project for developing infrastructure along the Sino-Indian border by constructing strategic roads, including bridges and tunnels. The ICBR project is largely in response to ...
, Subsumed in Bharatmala *
Setu Bharatam Setu Bharatam was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 4 March 2016 at a budget of , with an aim to make all national highways free of railway crossings by 2019. Project details Under the project, as many as 208 rails over and under bri ...
, river road bridge development in India ; Similar ports and river transport development *
Indian Rivers Inter-link The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a proposed large-scale civil engineering project that aims to effectively manage water resources in India by linking Indian rivers by a network of reservoirs and canals to enhance irrigation and groundwater r ...
*
List of National Waterways in India There are 111 officially notified Inland National Waterways (NWs) in India identified for the purposes of inland water transport, as per The National Waterways Act, 2016. Out of the 111 NWs, 106 were created in 2016. The NW network covers around 2 ...
*
Sagar Mala project The Sagarmala Programme () is an initiative by the Government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural inv ...
, national water port development connectivity scheme ; Similar air transport development *
Indian Human Spaceflight Programme The Indian Human Spaceflight Programme (IHSP) was initiated in 2007 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to develop the technology needed to launch crewed orbital spacecraft into low Earth orbit. The first uncrewed flight, named Ga ...
*
UDAN ''Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik'' ( Hindi for "Let the common citizens of the country fly"), known by its acronym ''UDAN'' ( Hindi for "flight") is a regional airport development program of the Government of India and part of the Regional Connect ...
, national airport development connectivity scheme ; Highways in India *
List of National Highways in India by highway number On 28 April 2010, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways officially published a new numbering system for the National Highway network in the Gazette of the Government of India. It is a systematic numbering scheme based on the orientati ...
*
List of National Highways in India On 28 April 2010, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways officially published a new numbering system for the National Highway network in the Gazette of the Government of India. It is a systematic numbering scheme based on the orientati ...
; General *
Transport in India Transport in India consists of transport by land, water and air. Road transport is the primary mode of transport for most Indian citizens, and India's road transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world. India's road network ...
*
Water transport in India ''Water transport in India'' has played a significant role in the country's economy and is indispensable to foreign trade. India is endowed with an extensive network of waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks and a long co ...


References


External links

* {{Motorways in Asia Roads in India